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{{Short description|Genus of archaea}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Methanobrevibacter ruminantium.jpg
| image_caption = ''Methanobrevibacter ruminantium'', type species of the genus ''Methanobrevibacter'' (type strain M1, ATCC 35063; DSM 1093; JCM 13430), phase-contrast photo.
| taxon = Methanobrevibacter
| authority = Balch and Wolfe 1981
| type_species = ''[[Methanobrevibacter ruminantium]]''
| type_species_authority = (Smith & Hungate 1958) Balch & Wolfe 1981
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = [[#Phylogeny|See text]]
}}

'''''Methanobrevibacter''''' is a [[genus]] of [[archaea]] in the family ''[[Methanobacteriaceae]]''.<ref name=NCBI>{{cite web |author=C.L. Schoch |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?command=show&mode=tree&id=2172&lvl=3 |title=Methanobrevibacter |access-date=2025-02-28 |publisher=[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] (NCBI) taxonomy database |display-authors=et al.}}</ref> The species within ''Methanobrevibacter'' genus are [[obligate anaerobe|strictly anaerobic]] and produce [[methane]] through the reduction of [[carbon dioxide]] via [[hydrogen]] with some also able to utulize formate. ''Methanobrevibacter'' species exclusively inhabit digestive tract of various animals such as [[cattle]], [[termites]], and [[primate]]s including [[human]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Protasov |first1=Evgenii |last2=Mies |first2=Undine S. |last3=Spröer |first3=Cathrin |last4=Bunk |first4=Boyke |last5=Treitli |first5=Sebastian Cristian |last6=Platt |first6=Katja |last7=Brune |first7=Andreas |date=2026-05-02 |title=Convergent evolution of intestinal lineages in the phylum Methanobacteriota |journal=Microbiome |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=130 |doi=10.1186/s40168-026-02434-5 |doi-access=free |issn=2049-2618 |pmc=13135261 |pmid=42070045}}</ref> As part of cattle gut [[microbiome]], ''Methanobrevibacter'' species responsible for about 20% of annual methane emission to the atmosphere.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saunois |first1=Marielle |last2=Martinez |first2=Adrien |last3=Poulter |first3=Benjamin |last4=Zhang |first4=Zhen |last5=Raymond |first5=Peter A. |last6=Regnier |first6=Pierre |last7=Canadell |first7=Josep G. |last8=Jackson |first8=Robert B. |last9=Patra |first9=Prabir K. |last10=Bousquet |first10=Philippe |last11=Ciais |first11=Philippe |last12=Dlugokencky |first12=Edward J. |last13=Lan |first13=Xin |last14=Allen |first14=George H. |last15=Bastviken |first15=David |date=2025-05-09 |title=Global Methane Budget 2000–2020 |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/17/1873/2025/ |journal=Earth System Science Data |language=English |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=1873–1958 |doi=10.5194/essd-17-1873-2025 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2025ESSD...17.1873S |issn=1866-3508|hdl=2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/318878 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

==Nomenclature==
The name ''Methanobrevibacter'' has Latin and Greek roots. ''Methanum'' is Latin for methane, ''brevi'' is Latin for short, and ''bacter'' is Greek for bar or rod.<ref>{{cite book|editor1=David R. Boone|editor2=Richard W. Castenholz|volume=1|title=Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology|edition=2|date=2012-01-13|publisher=Springer Science and Business Media|location=Nueva York|page=218|isbn=978-1-4419-3159-7|doi=10.1007/978-0-387-21609-6|doi-broken-date=17 May 2026 |s2cid=41426624|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3znhBwAAQBAJ&q=+%22methanobrevibacter%22&pg=PA97|access-date=2016-07-24}}</ref> This word typically describes these bacteria which are short, rod shaped and produce methane.

Professional publications use the [[abbreviation]]s ''M.'', ''Mbb.'', and ''Mbr.'', as in ''M. smithii'',<ref name=Mathur>{{cite journal|author1=R. Mathur|author2=M. Amachai|author3= K.S. Chua|author4=J. Mirocha|author5=G.M. Barlow|author6=M. Pimentel|title=Methane and hydrogen positivity on breath test is associated with greater body mass index and body fat|journal=Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism|date=2013-03-23|volume=98|issue=4|pages=E698–E702|doi=10.1210/jc.2012-3144|pmid=23533244|pmc=3615195}}</ref> ''Mbb. smithii'',<ref name=Skillman>{{cite journal|author1=L.C. Skillman|author2=P.N. Evans|author3=C. Strömpl|author4=K.N. Joblin|title=16S rDNA directed PCR primers and detection of methanogens in the bovine rumen|pmid=16478508|doi=10.1111/j.1472-765X.2005.01833.x|journal=Lett Appl Microbiol|date=2006-03-04|volume=42|number=3|pages=222–228|s2cid=25989690}}</ref> and ''Mbr. smithii''.<ref name="Dighe">{{cite journal |author1=Abhijit S. Dighe |author2=Kamlesh Jangid |author3=José M González |author4=Vyankatesh J. Pidiyar |author5=Milind S Patole |author6=Dilip R. Ranade |author7=Yogesh S. Shouche |date=2004-05-20 |title=Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences of genus Methanobrevibacter |journal=BMC Microbiol. |volume=4 |issue=1 |article-number=20 |doi=10.1186/1471-2180-4-20 |pmc=415545 |pmid=15128464 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2004BMCMb...4...20D }}</ref>

==Phylogeny==
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the [[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] (LPSN)<ref name=LPSN>{{lpsn2|genus/methanobrevibacter|Methanobrevibacter}}</ref> and [[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] (NCBI).<ref name=NCBI/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan=1 | 16S rRNA based [[The All-Species Living Tree Project|LTP]]_06_2022<ref>{{cite web|title=The LTP |url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/#LTP| access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LTP_all tree in newick format| url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_all_06_2022.ntree |access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LTP_06_2022 Release Notes| url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_06_2022_release_notes.pdf |access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref>
! colspan=1 | 53 marker proteins based [[Genome Taxonomy Database|GTDB]] 10-RS226<ref name="about">{{cite web |title=GTDB release 10-RS226 |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]]|access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="tree">{{cite web |title=ar53_r226.sp_label |url=https://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release226/226.0/auxillary_files/ar53_r226.sp_labels.tree |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]]|access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="taxon_history">{{cite web |title=Taxon History |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/taxon_history/ |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]]|access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref>
|-
| style="vertical-align:top|
{{Clade|style=font-size:90%; line-height:90%
|label1=''Methanobrevibacter''
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Methanobrevibacter cuticularis|M. cuticularis]]'' Leadbetter & Breznak 1997
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Methanobrevibacter curvatus|M. curvatus]]'' Leadbetter & Breznak 1997
|2=''[[Methanobrevibacter filiformis|M. filiformis]]'' Leadbetter & Breznak 1997
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Methanobrevibacter olleyae|M. olleyae]]'' Rea et al. 2007
|2=''[[Methanobrevibacter ruminantium|M. ruminantium]]'' (Smith & Hungate 1958) Balch & Wolfe 1981
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Methanobrevibacter smithii|M. smithii]]'' Balch & Wolfe 1981
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Methanobrevibacter millerae|M. millerae]]'' Rea et al. 2007
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii|M. gottschalkii]]'' Miller & Lin 2002
|2=''[[Methanobrevibacter thaueri|M. thaueri]]'' Miller & Lin 2002
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Methanobrevibacter woesei|M. woesei]]'' Miller & Lin 2002
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Methanobrevibacter acididurans|M. acididurans]]'' Savant et al. 2002
|2=''[[Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus|M. arboriphilus]]'' corrig. (Zeikus & Henning 1975) Balch & Wolfe 1981
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Methanobrevibacter boviskoreani|M. boviskoreani]]'' Lee et al. 2013
|2=''[[Methanobrevibacter wolinii|M. wolinii]]'' Miller & Lin 2002
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|
{{Clade|style=font-size:90%; line-height:90%
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1="''[[Methanobrevibacter filiformis|Methanacia filiformis]]''" (Leadbetter, Crosby & Breznak 1998) Protasov & Brune 2023
|2={{clade
|label1="''Methanoflexus''"
|1={{clade
|1="''[[Methanobrevibacter curvatus|M. curvatus]]''" (Leadbetter & Breznak 1997) Protasov & Brune 2023
|2="''Ca.'' M. mossambicus" Protasov & Brune 2023
}}
|label2="''Methanovirga''"
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1="''M. aequatorialis''" Protasov & Brune 2023
|2="''M. basalitermitum''" Protasov & Brune 2023
}}
|2={{clade
|1="''Ca.'' M. meridionalis" Protasov & Brune 2023
|2={{clade
|1="''M. australis''" Protasov & Brune 2023
|2="''Ca.'' M. procula" Protasov & Brune 2023
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1="''Methanorudis spinitermitis''" Protasov & Brune 2023
|2={{clade
|1="''[[Methanobrevibacter cuticularis|Methanobaculum cuticularis]]''" (Leadbetter & Breznak 1997) Protasov & Brune 2023
|2={{clade
|label1="''Methanobinarius''"
|1={{clade
|1="''[[Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus|M. arboriphilus]]''" (Zeikus & Henning 1975) Protasov & Brune 2023
|2="''Ca.'' M. endosymbioticus" Protasov & Brune 2023
}}
}}
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=''Methanobrevibacter''
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Methanobrevibacter olleyae|M. olleyae]]''
|2=''[[Methanobrevibacter ruminantium|M. ruminantium]]''
}}
|label2="''Methanarmilla''"
|2={{clade
|1="''[[Methanobrevibacter boviskoreani|M. boviskoreani]]''" (Lee et al. 2013) Protasov & Brune 2023
|2="''[[Methanobrevibacter wolinii|M. wolinii]]''" (Miller & Lin 2002) Protasov & Brune 2023
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|label1="''Methanocatella''"
|1={{clade
|1="''[[Methanobrevibacter woesei|M. woesei]]''" (Miller & Lin 2002) Protasov & Brune 2023
|2={{clade
|1="''[[Methanobrevibacter smithii|M. smithii]]''" (Balch & Wolfe 1981) Protasov & Brune 2023
|2={{clade
|1="''[[Methanobrevibacter oralis|M. oralis]]''" (Ferrari et al. 1995) Protasov & Brune 2023
|2={{clade
|1="''[[Methanobrevibacter millerae|M. millerae]]''" (Rea et al. 2007) Protasov & Brune 2023
|2={{clade
|1="''[[Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii|M. gottschalkii]]''" (Miller & Lin 2002) Protasov & Brune 2023
|2="''[[Methanobrevibacter thaueri|M. thaueri]]''" (Miller & Lin 2002) Protasov & Brune 2023
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|}
Unassigned species:
* "''Ca.'' M. cononymphae" Kaneko et al. 2024
* "''Ca.'' M. intestini" Weinberger et al. 2025
* "''M. massiliense''" Huynh et al. 2015

==See also==
* [[List of Archaea genera]]

==References==
{{Reflist|1}}

==Further reading==
===Scientific journals===
* {{cite journal | author = Balch WE |author2=Fox GE |author3=Magrum LJ |author4=Woses CR |display-authors=4 |author5=Wolfe RS | date = 1979 | title = Methanogens: reevaluation of a unique biological group | journal = Microbiol. Rev. | volume = 43 | pages = 260–296 | pmid = 390357 | issue = 2 | pmc = 281474 | doi = 10.1128/MMBR.43.2.260-296.1979}}
{{cite journal|last1=Dighe|first1=Abhigit S|last2=Jangid|first2=Kamlesh|last3=Gonzalez|first3=Jose M|last4=Pidiyar|first4=Vyankatesh J|last5=Patole|first5=Milind S|last6=Ranade|first6=Dilip R|last7=Shouche|first7=Yogesh S|title=Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences of genus Methanobrevibacter|journal=BMC Microbiology|date=May 5, 2004|volume=4|page=20|doi=10.1186/1471-2180-4-20|pmc=415545|pmid=15128464|issue=1 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2004BMCMb...4...20D }}

* {{cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Zhi Peng|last2=Liu|first2=Han Lu|last3=Jin|first3=Chun Ai|last4=Cui|first4=Xue Zhe|last5=Jing|first5=Yi|last6=Yang|first6=Fu He|last7=Li|first7=Guang Yu|title=Differences in the Methanogen Population Exist in Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Fed Different Diets in China|journal=Microbial Ecology|volume=66|issue=4|doi=10.1007/s00248-013-0282-4|pages=879–888|year=2013|pmid=24061342|bibcode=2013MicEc..66..879L |s2cid=7321916}}

{{Archaea classification}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q6823583}}

[[Category:Archaea genera]]
[[Category:Methanobacteriati]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Euryarchaeota-stub}}

Methanobrevibacter - Revision history

Alexanderwg: 1 revision imported

en>SdkbBot: /* top */ Removed erroneous space and general fixes (task 1)