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{{Short description|Genus of bacteria}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| taxon = Limosilactobacillus
| subdivision = See text.
| authority = Zheng ''et al''. 2020<ref name=zh/>
| type_species = ''[[Limosilactobacillus fermentum]]''
| type_species_authority = (Beijerinck 1901) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
}}

'''''Limosilactobacillus''''' is a [[thermophilic]] and heterofermentative [[genus]] of [[lactic acid bacteria]] created in 2020 by splitting from ''[[Lactobacillus]]''.<ref name=zh>{{Cite journal|last1=Zheng|first1=Jinshui|last2=Wittouck|first2=Stijn|last3=Salvetti|first3=Elisa|last4=Franz|first4=Charles M.A.P.|last5=Harris|first5=Hugh M.B.|last6=Mattarelli|first6=Paola|last7=O'Toole|first7=Paul W.|last8=Pot|first8=Bruno|last9=Vandamme|first9=Peter|last10=Walter|first10=Jens|last11=Watanabe|first11=Koichi|date=2020|title=A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|volume=70|issue=4|pages=2782–2858|doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.004107|pmid=32293557|issn=1466-5026|doi-access=free|hdl=10067/1738330151162165141|hdl-access=free}}</ref> The name is derived from the Latin {{lang|la|limosus}} "slimy", referring to the property of most strains in the genus to produce [[exopolysaccharides]] from sucrose.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-12-01|title=Structures, physico-chemical properties, production and (potential) applications of sucrose-derived α-d-glucans synthesized by glucansucrases|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0144861720309917|journal=Carbohydrate Polymers|language=en|volume=249|article-number=116818|doi=10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116818|issn=0144-8617|last1=Li|first1=Xiaodan|last2=Wang|first2=Xiaofei|last3=Meng|first3=Xiangfeng|last4=Dijkhuizen|first4=Lubbert|last5=Liu|first5=Weifeng|pmid=32933666|hdl=11370/03ec24ef-7b97-4912-9d35-a87fbef2b9b5|s2cid=221747286 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="zh" /> The genus currently includes 31 species or subspecies, most of these were isolated from the intestinal tract of humans or animals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taxonomy and nomenclature of lactobacilli|url=https://www.lactobacillus.ualberta.ca}}</ref> ''Limosilactobacillus reuteri'' has been used as a model organism to evaluate the host-adaptation of lactobacilli to the human and animal intestine <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Frese|first1=Steven A.|last2=Benson|first2=Andrew K.|last3=Tannock|first3=Gerald W.|last4=Loach|first4=Diane M.|last5=Kim|first5=Jaehyoung|last6=Zhang|first6=Min|last7=Oh|first7=Phaik Lyn|last8=Heng|first8=Nicholas C. K.|last9=Patil|first9=Prabhu B.|last10=Juge|first10=Nathalie|last11=MacKenzie|first11=Donald A.|date=2011-02-17|title=The Evolution of Host Specialization in the Vertebrate Gut Symbiont Lactobacillus reuteri|journal=PLOS Genetics|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|article-number=e1001314|doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1001314|issn=1553-7404|pmc=3040671|pmid=21379339 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Experimental Evaluation of Host Adaptation of Lactobacillus reuteri to Different Vertebrate Species|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|year=2017|language=en|doi=10.1128/aem.00132-17|pmc=5452824|pmid=28389535|last1=Duar|first1=Rebbeca M.|last2=Frese|first2=Steven A.|last3=Lin|first3=Xiaoxi B.|last4=Fernando|first4=Samodha C.|last5=Burkey|first5=Thomas E.|last6=Tasseva|first6=Guergana|last7=Peterson|first7=Daniel A.|last8=Blom|first8=Jochen|last9=Wenzel|first9=Cory Q.|last10=Szymanski|first10=Christine M.|last11=Walter|first11=Jens|volume=83|issue=12|bibcode=2017ApEnM..83E.132D }}</ref> and for the recruitment of intestinal lactobacilli for food fermentations.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zheng|first1=Jinshui|last2=Zhao|first2=Xin|last3=Lin|first3=Xiaoxi B.|last4=Gänzle|first4=Michael|date=2015-12-11|title=Comparative genomics Lactobacillus reuteri from sourdough reveals adaptation of an intestinal symbiont to food fermentations|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|article-number=18234|doi=10.1038/srep18234|doi-access=free|issn=2045-2322|pmc=4995734|pmid=26658825|bibcode=2015NatSR...518234Z}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-02-01|title=Host-adapted lactobacilli in food fermentations: impact of metabolic traits of host adapted lactobacilli on food quality and human health|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214799320300138|journal=Current Opinion in Food Science|language=en|volume=31|pages=71–80|doi=10.1016/j.cofs.2020.02.002|issn=2214-7993|last1=Li|first1=Qing|last2=Gänzle|first2=Michael G.|s2cid=213459081 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> ''Limosilactobacillus fermentum'' is an exception as this species is not considered host adapted but nomadic<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Duar |first1=Rebbeca M. |last2=Lin |first2=Xiaoxi B. |last3=Zheng |first3=Jinshui |last4=Martino |first4=Maria Elena |last5=Grenier |first5=Théodore |last6=Pérez-Muñoz |first6=María Elisa |last7=Leulier |first7=François |last8=Gänzle |first8=Michael |last9=Walter |first9=Jens |date=2017-08-01 |title=Lifestyles in transition: evolution and natural history of the genus Lactobacillus |url=https://academic.oup.com/femsre/article/41/Supp_1/S27/3902999 |journal=FEMS Microbiology Reviews |volume=41 |issue=Supp_1 |pages=S27–S48 |doi=10.1093/femsre/fux030 |pmid=28673043 |issn=0168-6445}}</ref> ''Lm. reuteri'', ''Limosilactobacillus pontis'' and other limosilactobacilli occur frequently in back-slopped cereal fermentations <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gänzle |first1=Michael G. |last2=Zheng |first2=Jinshui |date=2019-08-02 |title=Lifestyles of sourdough lactobacilli – Do they matter for microbial ecology and bread quality? |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168160518305427 |journal=International Journal of Food Microbiology |series=Special Issue: Seventh International Symposium on Sourdough: Health & Wealth through sourdough innovation |volume=302 |pages=15–23 |doi=10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.08.019 |pmid=30172443 |issn=0168-1605|url-access=subscription }}</ref> while ''Lm. fermentum'' reliably occurs in spontaneous cereal fermentations.<ref>{{Citation |last1=De Vuyst |first1=Luc |chapter=Taxonomy and Species Diversity of Sourdough Lactic Acid Bacteria |date=2023 |title=Handbook on Sourdough Biotechnology |pages=97–160 |editor-last=Gobbetti |editor-first=Marco |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23084-4_6 |access-date=2025-01-05 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-23084-4_6 |isbn=978-3-031-23084-4 |last2=González-Alonso |first2=Víctor |last3=Wardhana |first3=Yohanes Raditya |last4=Pradal |first4=Inés |editor2-last=Gänzle |editor2-first=Michael|chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pswarayi |first1=Felicitas |last2=Gänzle |first2=Michael G. |date=2019-05-16 |title=Composition and Origin of the Fermentation Microbiota of Mahewu, a Zimbabwean Fermented Cereal Beverage |journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology |volume=85 |issue=11 |pages=e03130–18 |doi=10.1128/AEM.03130-18 |pmc=6532028 |pmid=30902861|bibcode=2019ApEnM..85E3130P }}</ref> ''Lm. reuteri'' and ''Lm. fermentum'' also have been successfully applied as probiotics <ref>{{Citation |last=Britton |first=R. A. |chapter=Chapter 8 - Lactobacillus reuteri |date=2017-01-01 |title=The Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology |pages=89–97 |editor-last=Floch |editor-first=Martin H. |chapter-url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780128040249000082 |access-date=2025-01-05 |place=Boston |publisher=Academic Press |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-804024-9.00008-2 |isbn=978-0-12-804024-9 |editor2-last=Ringel |editor2-first=Yehuda |editor3-last=Allan Walker |editor3-first=W.|chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Naghmouchi |first1=Karim |last2=Belguesmia |first2=Yanath |last3=Bendali |first3=Farida |last4=Spano |first4=Giuseppe |last5=Seal |first5=Bruce S. |last6=Drider |first6=Djamel |title=''Lactobacillus fermentum'': A bacterial species with potential for food preservation and biomedical applications |journal=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition |date=2020-11-12 |volume=60 |issue=20 |pages=3387–3399 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10408398.2019.1688250 |doi=10.1080/10408398.2019.1688250 |pmid=31729242 |issn=1040-8398|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Limosilactobacilli are heterofermentative and produce lactate, CO2, and acetate or ethanol from glucose; several limosilactobacilli, particularly strains of ''Lm. reuteri'' convert glycerol or 1,2-propanediol to 1,3 propanediol or [[propanol]], respectively.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-04-01|title=Lactic metabolism revisited: metabolism of lactic acid bacteria in food fermentations and food spoilage|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214799315000508|journal=Current Opinion in Food Science|language=en|volume=2|pages=106–117|doi=10.1016/j.cofs.2015.03.001|issn=2214-7993|last1=Gänzle|first1=Michael G.|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Most strains do not grow in presence of oxygen, or in de Man, Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) medium, the standard medium for cultivation of lactobacilli. Addition of maltose, cysteine and fructose to MRS is usually sufficient for cultivation of limosilactobacilli although some species, e.g. ''Limosilactobacillus secaliphilus'', require special cultivation media.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=VOGEL |first1=RUDI F. |last2=BöCKER |first2=GEORG |last3=STOLZ |first3=PETER |last4=EHRMANN |first4=MATTHIAS |last5=FANTA |first5=DANIELA |last6=LUDWIG |first6=WOLFGANG |last7=POT |first7=BRUNO |last8=KERSTERS |first8=KAREL |last9=SCHLEIFER |first9=KARL HEINZ |last10=HAMMES |first10=WALTER P. |date=1994 |title=Identification of Lactobacilli from Sourdough and Description of Lactobacillus pontis sp. nov. |url=https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-44-2-223 |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=223–229 |doi=10.1099/00207713-44-2-223 |pmid=8186088 |issn=1466-5034|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ehrmann |first1=Matthias A. |last2=Brandt |first2=Markus |last3=Stolz |first3=Peter |last4=Vogel |first4=Rudi F. |last5=Korakli |first5=Maher |date=2007 |title=Lactobacillus secaliphilus sp. nov., isolated from type II sourdough fermentation |url=https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.64700-0 |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=745–750 |doi=10.1099/ijs.0.64700-0 |pmid=17392199 |issn=1466-5034|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Species==
The genus ''Limosilactobacillus'' comprises the following species:<ref name="LPSN">{{cite web|title=''Acetilactobacillus''|url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/acetilactobacillus|access-date=July 1, 2021|publisher=[[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] (LPSN)|vauthors=Euzéby JP, Parte AC}}</ref>
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus agrestis]]'' Li ''et al''. 2021
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus albertensis]]'' Li ''et al''. 2021
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus alvi]]'' Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus antri]]'' (Roos ''et al''. 2005) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus balticus]]'' Li ''et al''. 2021
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus caviae]]'' (Killer ''et al''. 2017) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus coleohominis]]'' (Nikolaitchouk ''et al''. 2001) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus equigenerosi]]'' (Endo ''et al''. 2008) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus fastidiosus]]'' Li ''et al''. 2021
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus fermentum]]'' (Beijerinck 1901) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus frumenti]]'' (Müller ''et al''. 2000) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus gastricus]]'' (Roos ''et al''. 2005) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus gorillae]]'' (Tsuchida ''et al''. 2014) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus ingluviei]]'' (Baele ''et al''. 2003) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus mucosae]]'' (Roos ''et al''. 2000) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus oris]]'' (Farrow and Collins 1988) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus panis]]'' (Wiese ''et al''. 1996) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus pontis]]'' (Vogel ''et al''. 1994) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus portuensis]]'' Ksiezarek ''et al''. 2021
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus reuteri]]'' (Kandler ''et al''. 1982) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus rudii]]'' Li ''et al''. 2021
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus secaliphilus]]'' (Ehrmann ''et al''. 2007) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus urinaemulieris]]'' Ksiezarek ''et al''. 2021
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus vaginalis]]'' (Embley ''et al''. 1989) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
The following species are effectively but not validly described:<blockquote>''Limosilactobacillus walteri'' (Sahora ''et al''. 2023)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saroha |first1=Tanu |last2=Sharma |first2=Shikha |last3=Choksket |first3=Stanzin |last4=Korpole |first4=Suresh |last5=Patil |first5=Prabhu B |date=2023-01-01 |title=Limosilactobacillus walteri sp. nov., a novel probiotic antimicrobial lipopeptide-producing bacterium |url=https://academic.oup.com/femsle/article/doi/10.1093/femsle/fnad004/6988174 |journal=FEMS Microbiology Letters |volume=370 |article-number=fnad004 |doi=10.1093/femsle/fnad004 |pmid=36646427 |issn=0378-1097|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

''Limosilactobacillus allomucosae'' (Chen ''et al..'' 2024)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Binbin |last2=Silvaraju |first2=Shaktheeshwari |last3=Almunawar |first3=Sharifah Nora Ahmad |last4=Heng |first4=Yu Chyuan |last5=Lee |first5=Jolie Kar Yi |last6=Kittelmann |first6=Sandra |date=2024-11-01 |title=Limosilactobacillus allomucosae sp. nov., a novel species isolated from wild boar faecal samples as a potential probiotic for domestic pigs |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0723202024000705 |journal=Systematic and Applied Microbiology |volume=47 |issue=6 |article-number=126556 |doi=10.1016/j.syapm.2024.126556 |pmid=39467427 |bibcode=2024SyApM..4726556C |issn=0723-2020|url-access=subscription }}</ref></blockquote>

==Phylogeny==
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the [[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]<ref name="LPSN"/> and the phylogeny is based on whole-genome sequences.<ref name=zh/>

{{Clade | style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
|1={{clade
|label1='''''Limosilactobacillus'''''
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Limosilactobacillus antri]]''
|2=''[[Limosilactobacillus oris]]''
}}
|2=''[[Limosilactobacillus panis]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Limosilactobacillus frumenti]]''
|2=''[[Limosilactobacillus vaginalis]]''
}}
}}
|2=''[[Limosilactobacillus pontis]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Limosilactobacillus caviae]]''
|2=''[[Limosilactobacillus reuteri]]''
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Limosilactobacillus ingluviei]]''
|2=''[[Limosilactobacillus alvi]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Limosilactobacillus coleohominis]]''
|2=''[[Limosilactobacillus secaliphilus]]''
}}
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Limosilactobacillus mucosae]]''
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Limosilactobacillus equigenerosi]]''
|2=''[[Limosilactobacillus gastricus]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Limosilactobacillus gorillae]]''
|2=''[[Limosilactobacillus fermentum]]''
}}
}}
}}
}}
|label2=[[Outgroup (cladistics)|outgroup]]
|2=''[[Holzapfelia]]''
}}
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Yogurts}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q104157424}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lactobacillaceae]]
[[Category:Food science]]
[[Category:Gut flora bacteria]]
[[Category:Garde manger]]
[[Category:Gram-positive bacteria]]
[[Category:Bacteria genera]]

Limosilactobacillus - Revision history

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