Global Methane Hub Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Ruminococcus albus AD2013

2026-10-20T14:42:30Z

Rhiannon: Created page with "== Introduction == === Strain characteristics and function in the rumen === === Strain history and information === == Global Methane Hub Metadata == {| class="wikitable" | valign="top" |Strain origin: | valign="top" |New Zealand |- | valign="top" |Isolated from: | valign="top" |Cow rumen |- | valign="top" |Sequenced by: | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |Assembled by: | valign="top" |William G. Alexander |- | valign="top" |Genome and methylome analysis by: | valign="..."

== Introduction ==

=== Strain characteristics and function in the rumen ===

=== Strain history and information ===

== Global Methane Hub Metadata ==
{| class="wikitable"
| valign="top" |Strain origin:
| valign="top" |New Zealand
|-
| valign="top" |Isolated from:
| valign="top" |Cow rumen
|-
| valign="top" |Sequenced by:
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Assembled by:
| valign="top" |William G. Alexander
|-
| valign="top" |Genome and methylome analysis by:
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |MIC and culturing conditions by:
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Transformed by:
| valign="top" |
|}

== Genome ==
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |''R. albus'' AD2013 Genome Summary
|-
| valign="top" |Sequencing method
| valign="top" |Oxford Nanopore
|-
| valign="top" |Contigs
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Base pairs
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |CDSs
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |CRISPR
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Genes
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |rRNA
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |tRNA
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Miscellaneous RNA
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Antimicrobial resistance genes
| valign="top" |
|}

== Methylome ==

=== Methylome analysis summary results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" |''R. albus'' AD2013 Methylome Summary
|-
| valign="top" |Isolation Motif
| valign="top" |% Motif Methylation
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|}

=== DefenseFinder Results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |''R. albus'' AD2013 DefenseFinder Results
|-
| valign="top" |DefenseFinder System
| valign="top" |# Found
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|}

=== Methylating ''Escherichia coli'' strains ===
''E. coli'' strain AGXXXXX engineered to carry methytransferases X, X, X for methylating plasmid DNA for ''R. albus'' AD2013.

== Culturing Conditions ==

== Antimicrobial Susceptibility ==

== Transformation Results ==

== External Links ==

Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis A12-1T

2026-10-20T14:39:16Z

Rhiannon: Created page with "== Introduction == === Strain characteristics and function in the rumen === === Strain history and information === == Global Methane Hub Metadata == {| class="wikitable" | valign="top" |Strain origin: | valign="top" |Sweden |- | valign="top" |Isolated from: | valign="top" |Cow rumen |- | valign="top" |Sequenced by: | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |Assembled by: | valign="top" |William G. Alexander |- | valign="top" |Genome and methylome analysis by: | valign="top"..."

== Introduction ==

=== Strain characteristics and function in the rumen ===

=== Strain history and information ===

== Global Methane Hub Metadata ==
{| class="wikitable"
| valign="top" |Strain origin:
| valign="top" |Sweden
|-
| valign="top" |Isolated from:
| valign="top" |Cow rumen
|-
| valign="top" |Sequenced by:
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Assembled by:
| valign="top" |William G. Alexander
|-
| valign="top" |Genome and methylome analysis by:
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |MIC and culturing conditions by:
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Transformed by:
| valign="top" |
|}

== Genome ==
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |''P. ruminis'' A12-1T Genome Summary
|-
| valign="top" |Sequencing method
| valign="top" |Oxford Nanopore
|-
| valign="top" |Contigs
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Base pairs
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |CDSs
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |CRISPR
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Genes
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |rRNA
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |tRNA
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Miscellaneous RNA
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Antimicrobial resistance genes
| valign="top" |
|}

== Methylome ==

=== Methylome analysis summary results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" |''P. ruminis'' A12-1T Methylome Summary
|-
| valign="top" |Isolation Motif
| valign="top" |% Motif Methylation
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|}

=== DefenseFinder Results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |''P. ruminis'' A12-1T DefenseFinder Results
|-
| valign="top" |DefenseFinder System
| valign="top" |# Found
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|}

=== Methylating ''Escherichia coli'' strains ===
''E. coli'' strain AGXXXXX engineered to carry methytransferases X, X, X for methylating plasmid DNA for ''P. ruminis'' A12-1T.

== Culturing Conditions ==

== Antimicrobial Susceptibility ==

== Transformation Results ==

== External Links ==

Eubacterium limosum RF

2026-10-20T14:35:47Z

Rhiannon: Created page with "== Introduction == === Strain characteristics and function in the rumen === === Strain history and information === == Global Methane Hub Metadata == {| class="wikitable" | valign="top" |Strain origin: | valign="top" |USA |- | valign="top" |Isolated from: | valign="top" |Calf rumen |- | valign="top" |Sequenced by: | valign="top" |Rhiannon Cecil |- | valign="top" |Assembled by: | valign="top" |William G. Alexander |- | valign="top" |Genome and methylome analysis by: | v..."

== Introduction ==

=== Strain characteristics and function in the rumen ===

=== Strain history and information ===

== Global Methane Hub Metadata ==
{| class="wikitable"
| valign="top" |Strain origin:
| valign="top" |USA
|-
| valign="top" |Isolated from:
| valign="top" |Calf rumen
|-
| valign="top" |Sequenced by:
| valign="top" |Rhiannon Cecil
|-
| valign="top" |Assembled by:
| valign="top" |William G. Alexander
|-
| valign="top" |Genome and methylome analysis by:
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |MIC and culturing conditions by:
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Transformed by:
| valign="top" |
|}

== Genome ==
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |''E. limosum'' RF Genome Summary
|-
| valign="top" |Sequencing method
| valign="top" |Oxford Nanopore
|-
| valign="top" |Contigs
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Base pairs
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |CDSs
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |CRISPR
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Genes
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |rRNA
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |tRNA
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Miscellaneous RNA
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Antimicrobial resistance genes
| valign="top" |
|}

== Methylome ==

=== Methylome analysis summary results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" |''E. limosum'' RF Methylome Summary
|-
| valign="top" |Isolation Motif
| valign="top" |% Motif Methylation
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|}

=== DefenseFinder Results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |''E. limosum'' RF DefenseFinder Results
|-
| valign="top" |DefenseFinder System
| valign="top" |# Found
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|}

=== Methylating ''Escherichia coli'' strains ===
''E. coli'' strain AGXXXXX engineered to carry methytransferases X, X, X for methylating plasmid DNA for ''E. limosum'' RF.

== Culturing Conditions ==

== Antimicrobial Susceptibility ==

== Transformation Results ==

== External Links ==

Kandleria vitulina WCE2011

2026-10-20T14:30:03Z

Rhiannon: /* Methylating Escherichia coli strains */

== Introduction ==

=== Strain characteristics and function in the rumen ===

=== Strain history and information ===

== Global Methane Hub Metadata ==
{| class="wikitable"
| valign="top" |Strain origin:
| valign="top" |New Zealand1
|-
| valign="top" |Isolated from:
| valign="top" |Cow rumen
|-
| valign="top" |Sequenced by:
| valign="top" |Rhiannon Cecil2
|-
| valign="top" |Assembled by:
| valign="top" |William G. Alexander3
|-
| valign="top" |Genome and methylome analysis by:
| valign="top" |William G. Alexander3 & Ashley Hall2
|-
| valign="top" |MIC and culturing conditions by:
| valign="top" |Rhiannon Cecil
|-
| valign="top" |Transformed by:
| valign="top" |Rhiannon Cecil
|}
1Institute for Bioeconomy Science, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 2BiomEdit, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. 3Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States.

== Genome ==
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |''K. vitulina'' WCE2011 Genome Summary
|-
| valign="top" |Sequencing method
| valign="top" |Oxford Nanopore
|-
| valign="top" |Contigs
| valign="top" |1
|-
| valign="top" |Base pairs
| valign="top" |2.1 Mb
|-
| valign="top" |CDSs
| valign="top" |2,021
|-
| valign="top" |CRISPR
| valign="top" |2
|-
| valign="top" |Genes
| valign="top" |2,166
|-
| valign="top" |rRNA
| valign="top" |24
|-
| valign="top" |tRNA
| valign="top" |89
|-
| valign="top" |Miscellaneous RNA
| valign="top" |31
|-
| valign="top" |Antimicrobial resistance genes
| valign="top" |None
|}

== Methylome ==

=== Methylome analysis summary results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" |''K. vitulina'' WCE2011 Methylome Summary
|-
| valign="top" |Isolation Motif
| valign="top" |% Motif Methylation
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|}

=== DefenseFinder Results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |''K. vitulina'' WCE2011 DefenseFinder Results
|-
| valign="top" |DefenseFinder System
| valign="top" |# Found
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|}

=== Methylating ''Escherichia coli'' strains ===
''E. coli'' strain AGXXXXX engineered to carry methytransferases X, X, X for methylating plasmid DNA for ''K. vitulina'' WCE2011.

== Culturing Conditions ==

== Antimicrobial Susceptibility ==

== Transformation Results ==

== External Links ==

Kandleria vitulina WCE2011

2026-10-20T14:29:04Z

Rhiannon: /* Global Methane Hub Metadata */

== Introduction ==

=== Strain characteristics and function in the rumen ===

=== Strain history and information ===

== Global Methane Hub Metadata ==
{| class="wikitable"
| valign="top" |Strain origin:
| valign="top" |New Zealand1
|-
| valign="top" |Isolated from:
| valign="top" |Cow rumen
|-
| valign="top" |Sequenced by:
| valign="top" |Rhiannon Cecil2
|-
| valign="top" |Assembled by:
| valign="top" |William G. Alexander3
|-
| valign="top" |Genome and methylome analysis by:
| valign="top" |William G. Alexander3 & Ashley Hall2
|-
| valign="top" |MIC and culturing conditions by:
| valign="top" |Rhiannon Cecil
|-
| valign="top" |Transformed by:
| valign="top" |Rhiannon Cecil
|}
1Institute for Bioeconomy Science, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 2BiomEdit, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. 3Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States.

== Genome ==
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |''K. vitulina'' WCE2011 Genome Summary
|-
| valign="top" |Sequencing method
| valign="top" |Oxford Nanopore
|-
| valign="top" |Contigs
| valign="top" |1
|-
| valign="top" |Base pairs
| valign="top" |2.1 Mb
|-
| valign="top" |CDSs
| valign="top" |2,021
|-
| valign="top" |CRISPR
| valign="top" |2
|-
| valign="top" |Genes
| valign="top" |2,166
|-
| valign="top" |rRNA
| valign="top" |24
|-
| valign="top" |tRNA
| valign="top" |89
|-
| valign="top" |Miscellaneous RNA
| valign="top" |31
|-
| valign="top" |Antimicrobial resistance genes
| valign="top" |None
|}

== Methylome ==

=== Methylome analysis summary results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" |''K. vitulina'' WCE2011 Methylome Summary
|-
| valign="top" |Isolation Motif
| valign="top" |% Motif Methylation
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|}

=== DefenseFinder Results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |''K. vitulina'' WCE2011 DefenseFinder Results
|-
| valign="top" |DefenseFinder System
| valign="top" |# Found
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|}

=== Methylating ''Escherichia coli'' strains ===

== Culturing Conditions ==

== Antimicrobial Susceptibility ==

== Transformation Results ==

== External Links ==

Kandleria vitulina WCE2011

2026-10-20T14:23:26Z

Rhiannon:

== Introduction ==

=== Strain characteristics and function in the rumen ===

=== Strain history and information ===

== Global Methane Hub Metadata ==

== Genome ==

== Methylome ==

=== Methylome analysis summary results ===

=== DefenseFinder Results ===

=== Methylating ''Escherichia coli'' strains ===

== Culturing Conditions ==

== Antimicrobial Susceptibility ==

== Transformation Results ==

== External Links ==

Megasphaera elsdenii T81

2026-10-20T14:20:06Z

Rhiannon: Created page with " == Introduction == === Strain characteristics and function in the rumen === === Strain history and information === == Global Methane Hub Metadata == {| class="wikitable" | valign="top" |Strain origin: | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |Isolated from: | valign="top" |Cow rumen |- | valign="top" |Sequenced by: | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |Assembled by: | valign="top" |William G. Alexander |- | valign="top" |Genome and methylome analysis by: | valign="top" | |-..."

== Introduction ==

=== Strain characteristics and function in the rumen ===

=== Strain history and information ===

== Global Methane Hub Metadata ==
{| class="wikitable"
| valign="top" |Strain origin:
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Isolated from:
| valign="top" |Cow rumen
|-
| valign="top" |Sequenced by:
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Assembled by:
| valign="top" |William G. Alexander
|-
| valign="top" |Genome and methylome analysis by:
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |MIC and culturing conditions by:
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |Transformed by:
| valign="top" |
|}

== Genome ==
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |''M. elsdenii'' T81 Genome Summary
|-
| valign="top" |Sequencing method
| valign="top" |Oxford Nanopore
|-
| valign="top" |Contigs
| valign="top" |1
|-
| valign="top" |Base pairs
| valign="top" |2.6 Mb
|-
| valign="top" |CDSs
| valign="top" |2,337
|-
| valign="top" |CRISPR
| valign="top" |7
|-
| valign="top" |Genes
| valign="top" |2,467
|-
| valign="top" |rRNA
| valign="top" |21
|-
| valign="top" |tRNA
| valign="top" |66
|-
| valign="top" |Miscellaneous RNA
| valign="top" |42
|-
| valign="top" |Antimicrobial resistance genes
| valign="top" |None
|}

== Methylome ==

=== Methylome analysis summary results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" |''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 Methylome Summary
|-
| valign="top" |Isolation Motif
| valign="top" |% Motif Methylation
|-
| valign="top" |GTTGN(6mA)C
| valign="top" |99.13
|-
| valign="top" |CAC(6mA)G
| valign="top" |92.58
|-
| valign="top" |CAGR(6mA)G
| valign="top" |99.54
|}

=== DefenseFinder Results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |''M. elsdenii'' T81 DefenseFinder Results
|-
| valign="top" |DefenseFinder System
| valign="top" |# Found
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
|}

=== Methylating ''Escherichia coli'' strains ===
''E. coli'' strain AGXXXXX engineered to carry methytransferases X, X, X for methylating plasmid DNA for ''M. elsdenii'' T81.

== Culturing Conditions ==

== Antimicrobial Susceptibility ==

== Transformation Results ==

== External Links ==

Ligilactobacillus ruminis WC1T17

2026-10-20T14:12:59Z

Rhiannon: /* Strain characteristics and function in the rumen */

== Introduction ==
[[File:Lruminis WC1T17 microscopy.png|thumb|Microscopy (100X) magnification image of ''Ligilactobacillus ruminis'' WC1T17 ]]

=== Strain characteristics and function in the rumen ===
''Ligilactobacillus ruminis'' WC1T17 is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerotolerant anaerobic bacterium that typically grows in a single bacillus or diplo-bacillus cellular arrangement. ''Lactobacillus'' species are of increasing interest for methane mitigation research in ruminant animals as their metabolic network in the rumen can function as a hydrogen sink. ''Ligilactobacillus'' are lactic acid bacteria which ferment glucose in the rumen and produce lactate, this lactate can be utilized by syntrophic lactate utilizing bacteria to produce propionate, an important metabolite for the host animal, and this process also requires absorbs hydrogen thus reducing available substrate for methanogenesis. ''L. ruminis'' is of particular interest to the Global Methane Hub as it is the only known member of the ''Lactobacillus'' genus to be motile making it an attractive prospect for ruminant methane mitigation research as it is theoretically better suited to translocate to multiple niches within the rumen biome.

=== Strain history and information ===
''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 was isolated from the rumen of a healthy cow in Palmerston North, New Zealand by the Institute for Bioeconomy Science, formerly known as AgResearch. The strain contains a circular 1.9 Mb genome with no extrachromosomal elements such as plasmids. This strain can be readily cultured in MRS broth and on MRS agar plates under anaerobic conditions with an average doubling time of 40 minutes.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) screening of antibiotics and counter-selective agents in liquid media shows that the strain is sensitive to the following tested antibiotics: chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin and the following counter-selective agents: 8-azehypoxanthine, 2-deoxy-d-galactose, 5-fluordeoxyuridine, and sucrose.

''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 is genetically tractable and has been successfully transformed via electroporation with the replicative shuttle vector pMTL89151. This vector confers resistance to chloramphenicol and contains the pAMB1 Gram-positive origin of replication machinery in addition to a multiple cloning sight for integration of reporter genes or biological payloads of interest.

== Global Methane Hub Metadata ==
{| class="wikitable"
| valign="top" |Strain origin:
| valign="top" |New Zealand1
|-
| valign="top" |Isolated from:
| valign="top" |Cow rumen
|-
| valign="top" |Sequenced by:
| valign="top" |Rhiannon Cecil2
|-
| valign="top" |Assembled by:
| valign="top" |William G. Alexander3
|-
| valign="top" |Genome and methylome analysis by:
| valign="top" |William G. Alexander3 & Ashley Hall2
|-
| valign="top" |MIC and culturing conditions by:
| valign="top" |Rhiannon Cecil & Ashley Howes2
|-
| valign="top" |Transformed by:
| valign="top" |Ashley Howes
|}
1Institute for Bioeconomy Science, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 2BiomEdit, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. 3Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States.

== Genome ==
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |'''''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 Genome Summary'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Sequencing method'''
| valign="top" |'''Oxford Nanopore'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Contigs'''
| valign="top" |'''1'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Base pairs'''
| valign="top" |'''1.9 Mb'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''CDSs'''
| valign="top" |'''1,830'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''CRISPR'''
| valign="top" |'''1'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Genes'''
| valign="top" |'''1,952'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''rRNA'''
| valign="top" |'''19'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''tRNA'''
| valign="top" |'''73'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Miscellaneous RNA'''
| valign="top" |'''29'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Antimicrobial resistance genes'''
| valign="top" |'''None'''
|}

== Methylome ==

=== Methylome analysis summary results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" |''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 Methylome Summary
|-
| valign="top" |Isolation Motif
| valign="top" |% Motif Methylation
|-
| valign="top" |GTTGN(6mA)C
| valign="top" |99.13
|-
| valign="top" |CAC(6mA)G
| valign="top" |92.58
|-
| valign="top" |CAGR(6mA)G
| valign="top" |99.54
|}

=== DefenseFinder Results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 DefenseFinder Results
|-
| valign="top" |DefenseFinder System
| valign="top" |# Found
|-
| valign="top" |Cas (Class I, Type I-E)
| valign="top" |1
|-
| valign="top" |RM Type III
| valign="top" |1
|-
| valign="top" |PD-T7-2
| valign="top" |1
|-
| valign="top" |RM Type IIG
| valign="top" |3
|}

=== Methylating ''Escherichia coli'' strains ===
''E. coli'' strain AGXXXXX engineered to carry methytransferases X, X, X for methylating plasmid DNA for ''L. ruminis'' WC1T17.

== Culturing Conditions ==
''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 can be readily cultured in MRS broth or agar plates under anaerobic conditions (75% N2, 5% H2, and 20% CO2) at 39°C for 12 – 48 hours of incubation. ''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 colonies typically form on MRS agar plates overnight and colonies inoculated from an agar plate or transferred from an active liquid culture will also grow overnight; however, when reviving from cryostock the strain takes ~48 hours to exhibit growth in broth. The strain will remain viable in liquid or solid medium for ~1 week at room temperature under anaerobic conditions. For long-tern storage 1mL of active culture with an OD600 >0.8 should be combined with anaerobic 50% glycerol to a final glycerol concentration of 25% in anaerobic screw-cap cryovials then stored at -80°C. Revival of cryostocked cells is achieved by transferring a small amount of the cryostock to either an MRS agar plate or to MRS broth followed by incubation under anaerobic conditions.

== Antimicrobial Susceptibility ==

== Transformation Results ==

== External Links ==

Ligilactobacillus ruminis WC1T17

2026-10-20T14:10:02Z

Rhiannon: Created page with " == Introduction == === Strain characteristics and function in the rumen === ''Ligilactobacillus ruminis'' WC1T17 is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerotolerant anaerobic bacterium that typically grows in a single bacillus or diplo-bacillus cellular arrangement. ''Lactobacillus'' species are of increasing interest for methane mitigation research in ruminant animals as their metabolic network in the rumen can function as a hydrogen sink. ''Ligilactobacillus'' are lactic ac..."

== Introduction ==

=== Strain characteristics and function in the rumen ===
''Ligilactobacillus ruminis'' WC1T17 is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerotolerant anaerobic bacterium that typically grows in a single bacillus or diplo-bacillus cellular arrangement. ''Lactobacillus'' species are of increasing interest for methane mitigation research in ruminant animals as their metabolic network in the rumen can function as a hydrogen sink. ''Ligilactobacillus'' are lactic acid bacteria which ferment glucose in the rumen and produce lactate, this lactate can be utilized by syntrophic lactate utilizing bacteria to produce propionate, an important metabolite for the host animal, and this process also requires absorbs hydrogen thus reducing available substrate for methanogenesis. ''L. ruminis'' is of particular interest to the Global Methane Hub as it is the only known member of the ''Lactobacillus'' genus to be motile making it an attractive prospect for ruminant methane mitigation research as it is theoretically better suited to translocate to multiple niches within the rumen biome.

=== Strain history and information ===
''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 was isolated from the rumen of a healthy cow in Palmerston North, New Zealand by the Institute for Bioeconomy Science, formerly known as AgResearch. The strain contains a circular 1.9 Mb genome with no extrachromosomal elements such as plasmids. This strain can be readily cultured in MRS broth and on MRS agar plates under anaerobic conditions with an average doubling time of 40 minutes.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) screening of antibiotics and counter-selective agents in liquid media shows that the strain is sensitive to the following tested antibiotics: chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin and the following counter-selective agents: 8-azehypoxanthine, 2-deoxy-d-galactose, 5-fluordeoxyuridine, and sucrose.

''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 is genetically tractable and has been successfully transformed via electroporation with the replicative shuttle vector pMTL89151. This vector confers resistance to chloramphenicol and contains the pAMB1 Gram-positive origin of replication machinery in addition to a multiple cloning sight for integration of reporter genes or biological payloads of interest.

== Global Methane Hub Metadata ==
{| class="wikitable"
| valign="top" |Strain origin:
| valign="top" |New Zealand1
|-
| valign="top" |Isolated from:
| valign="top" |Cow rumen
|-
| valign="top" |Sequenced by:
| valign="top" |Rhiannon Cecil2
|-
| valign="top" |Assembled by:
| valign="top" |William G. Alexander3
|-
| valign="top" |Genome and methylome analysis by:
| valign="top" |William G. Alexander3 & Ashley Hall2
|-
| valign="top" |MIC and culturing conditions by:
| valign="top" |Rhiannon Cecil & Ashley Howes2
|-
| valign="top" |Transformed by:
| valign="top" |Ashley Howes
|}
1Institute for Bioeconomy Science, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 2BiomEdit, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. 3Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States.

== Genome ==
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |'''''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 Genome Summary'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Sequencing method'''
| valign="top" |'''Oxford Nanopore'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Contigs'''
| valign="top" |'''1'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Base pairs'''
| valign="top" |'''1.9 Mb'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''CDSs'''
| valign="top" |'''1,830'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''CRISPR'''
| valign="top" |'''1'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Genes'''
| valign="top" |'''1,952'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''rRNA'''
| valign="top" |'''19'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''tRNA'''
| valign="top" |'''73'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Miscellaneous RNA'''
| valign="top" |'''29'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Antimicrobial resistance genes'''
| valign="top" |'''None'''
|}

== Methylome ==

=== Methylome analysis summary results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" |''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 Methylome Summary
|-
| valign="top" |Isolation Motif
| valign="top" |% Motif Methylation
|-
| valign="top" |GTTGN(6mA)C
| valign="top" |99.13
|-
| valign="top" |CAC(6mA)G
| valign="top" |92.58
|-
| valign="top" |CAGR(6mA)G
| valign="top" |99.54
|}

=== DefenseFinder Results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 DefenseFinder Results
|-
| valign="top" |DefenseFinder System
| valign="top" |# Found
|-
| valign="top" |Cas (Class I, Type I-E)
| valign="top" |1
|-
| valign="top" |RM Type III
| valign="top" |1
|-
| valign="top" |PD-T7-2
| valign="top" |1
|-
| valign="top" |RM Type IIG
| valign="top" |3
|}

=== Methylating ''Escherichia coli'' strains ===
''E. coli'' strain AGXXXXX engineered to carry methytransferases X, X, X for methylating plasmid DNA for ''L. ruminis'' WC1T17.

== Culturing Conditions ==
''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 can be readily cultured in MRS broth or agar plates under anaerobic conditions (75% N2, 5% H2, and 20% CO2) at 39°C for 12 – 48 hours of incubation. ''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 colonies typically form on MRS agar plates overnight and colonies inoculated from an agar plate or transferred from an active liquid culture will also grow overnight; however, when reviving from cryostock the strain takes ~48 hours to exhibit growth in broth. The strain will remain viable in liquid or solid medium for ~1 week at room temperature under anaerobic conditions. For long-tern storage 1mL of active culture with an OD600 >0.8 should be combined with anaerobic 50% glycerol to a final glycerol concentration of 25% in anaerobic screw-cap cryovials then stored at -80°C. Revival of cryostocked cells is achieved by transferring a small amount of the cryostock to either an MRS agar plate or to MRS broth followed by incubation under anaerobic conditions.

== Antimicrobial Susceptibility ==

== Transformation Results ==

== External Links ==

Ligilactobaillus ruminis WC1T17

2026-10-14T21:01:23Z

Rhiannon:

== Introduction ==

=== Strain characteristics and function in the rumen ===
[[File:Lruminis WC1T17 microscopy.png|thumb|Microscopy of ''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 at 100X magnification.]]
''Ligilactobacillus ruminis'' WC1T17 is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerotolerant anaerobic bacterium that typically grows in a single bacillus or diplo-bacillus cellular arrangement. ''Lactobacillus'' species are of increasing interest for methane mitigation research in ruminant animals as their metabolic network in the rumen can function as a hydrogen sink. ''Ligilactobacillus'' are lactic acid bacteria which ferment glucose in the rumen and produce lactate, this lactate can be utilized by syntrophic lactate utilizing bacteria to produce propionate, an important metabolite for the host animal, and this process also requires absorbs hydrogen thus reducing available substrate for methanogenesis. ''L. ruminis'' is of particular interest to the Global Methane Hub as it is the only known member of the ''Lactobacillus'' genus to be motile making it an attractive prospect for ruminant methane mitigation research as it is theoretically better suited to translocate to multiple niches within the rumen biome.

=== Strain history and information ===
''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 was isolated from the rumen of a healthy cow in Palmerston North, New Zealand by the Institute for Bioeconomy Science, formerly known as AgResearch. The strain contains a circular 1.9 Mb genome with no extrachromosomal elements such as plasmids. This strain can be readily cultured in MRS broth and on MRS agar plates under anaerobic conditions with an average doubling time of 40 minutes.

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) screening of antibiotics and counter-selective agents in liquid media shows that the strain is sensitive to the following tested antibiotics: chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin and the following counter-selective agents: 8-azehypoxanthine, 2-deoxy-d-galactose, 5-fluordeoxyuridine, and sucrose.

''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 is genetically tractable and has been successfully transformed via electroporation with the replicative shuttle vector [https://plasmidvectors.com/general-cloning/ pMTL89151]. This vector confers resistance to chloramphenicol and contains the pAMB1 Gram-positive origin of replication machinery in addition to a multiple cloning sight for integration of reporter genes or biological payloads of interest.

== Global Methane Hub Metadata ==
{| class="wikitable"
| valign="top" |Strain origin:
| valign="top" |New Zealand1
|-
| valign="top" |Isolated from:
| valign="top" |Cow rumen
|-
| valign="top" |Sequenced by:
| valign="top" |Rhiannon Cecil2
|-
| valign="top" |Assembled by:
| valign="top" |William G. Alexander3
|-
| valign="top" |Genome and methylome analysis by:
| valign="top" |William G. Alexander3 & Ashley Hall2
|-
| valign="top" |MIC and culturing conditions by:
| valign="top" |Rhiannon Cecil & Ashley Howes2
|-
| valign="top" |Transformed by:
| valign="top" |Ashley Howes
|}
1Institute for Bioeconomy Science, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 2BiomEdit, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. 3Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States.

== Genome ==
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |'''''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 Genome Summary'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Sequencing method'''
| valign="top" |'''Oxford Nanopore'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Contigs'''
| valign="top" |'''1'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Base pairs'''
| valign="top" |'''1.9 Mb'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''CDSs'''
| valign="top" |'''1,830'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''CRISPR'''
| valign="top" |'''1'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Genes'''
| valign="top" |'''1,952'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''rRNA'''
| valign="top" |'''19'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''tRNA'''
| valign="top" |'''73'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Miscellaneous RNA'''
| valign="top" |'''29'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Antimicrobial resistance genes'''
| valign="top" |'''None'''
|}

== Methylome ==

=== Methylome analysis summary results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" |''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 Methylome Summary
|-
| valign="top" |Isolation Motif
| valign="top" |% Motif Methylation
|-
| valign="top" |GTTGN(6mA)C
| valign="top" |99.13
|-
| valign="top" |CAC(6mA)G
| valign="top" |92.58
|-
| valign="top" |CAGR(6mA)G
| valign="top" |99.54
|}

=== DefenseFinder Results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 DefenseFinder Results
|-
| valign="top" |DefenseFinder System
| valign="top" |# Found
|-
| valign="top" |Cas (Class I, Type I-E)
| valign="top" |1
|-
| valign="top" |RM Type III
| valign="top" |1
|-
| valign="top" |PD-T7-2
| valign="top" |1
|-
| valign="top" |RM Type IIG
| valign="top" |3
|}

=== Methylating ''Escherichia coli'' strains ===
''E. coli'' strain AGXXXXX engineered to carry methytransferases X, X, X for methylating plasmid DNA for ''L. ruminis'' WC1T17.

== Culturing Conditions ==
''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 can be readily cultured in MRS broth or agar plates under anaerobic conditions (75% N2, 5% H2, and 20% CO2) at 39°C for 12 – 48 hours of incubation. ''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 colonies typically form on MRS agar plates overnight and colonies inoculated from an agar plate or transferred from an active liquid culture will also grow overnight; however, when reviving from cryostock the strain takes ~48 hours to exhibit growth in broth. The strain will remain viable in liquid or solid medium for ~1 week at room temperature under anaerobic conditions. For long-tern storage 1mL of active culture with an OD600 >0.8 should be combined with anaerobic 50% glycerol to a final glycerol concentration of 25% in anaerobic screw-cap cryovials then stored at -80°C. Revival of cryostocked cells is achieved by transferring a small amount of the cryostock to either an MRS agar plate or to MRS broth followed by incubation under anaerobic conditions.

== Antimicrobial Susceptibility ==

== Transformation Results ==

== External Links ==

File:Lruminis WC1T17 microscopy.png

2026-10-14T21:00:07Z

Rhiannon:

Microscopy photo of Ligilactobacillus ruminis WC1T17 taken by Rhiannon Cecil.

Kandleria vitulina

2026-10-14T20:32:00Z

Rhiannon:

{{Short description|Species of bacterium}}
{{Speciesbox
| genus = Kandleria
| species = vitulina
| authority = (Sharpe et al. 1973) Salvetti et al. 2011<ref name=Kandleria-vitulina>{{cite journal|last1=Parte|first1=A.C.|title=Kandleria|journal=[[LPSN]]|url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/kandleria}}</ref>
| type_strain = ATCC 27783, ATCC 27783, CCUG 32236, CIP 103154, DSM 20405, JCM 1143, LMG 18931, NRRL B-14854
| type_strain_ref = <ref name=UniProt>{{cite journal|title=Kandleria vitulina|website=www.uniprot.org|url=https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/1630}}</ref>
| synonyms = ''Lactobacillus vitulinus''
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=DSMZ/>
}}

'''''Kandleria vitulina''''' is a bacterium from the genus ''[[Kandleria]]'' isolated from calf [[rumen]].<ref name=Kandleria-vitulina/><ref name=UniProt/><ref name=DSMZ>{{cite journal|title=Details: DSM-20405|website=www.dsmz.de|url=https://www.dsmz.de/catalogues/details/culture/DSM-20405.html}}</ref><ref name=Reclassification>{{cite journal|last1=Salvetti|first1=E.|last2=Felis|first2=G. E.|last3=Dellaglio|first3=F.|last4=Castioni|first4=A.|last5=Torriani|first5=S.|last6=Lawson|first6=P. A.|title=Reclassification of Lactobacillus catenaformis (Eggerth 1935) Moore and Holdeman 1970 and Lactobacillus vitulinus Sharpe et al. 1973 as Eggerthia catenaformis gen. nov., comb. nov. and Kandleria vitulina gen. nov., comb. nov., respectively|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|date=26 November 2010|volume=61|issue=10|pages=2520–2524|doi=10.1099/ijs.0.029231-0|pmid=21112984|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Previously classified as ''Lactobacillus vitulinus'', it has been reclassified based on phylogenetic information.<ref name=Reclassification></ref>

== Global Methane Hub Strains ==

* [[Kandleria vitulina WCE2011|''Kandleria vitulina'' WCE2011]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://bacdive.dsmz.de/index.php?search=5378&submit=Search Type strain of ''Kandleria vitulina'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q25860934}}

[[Category:Coprobacillaceae]]
[[Category:Bacteria described in 1973]]

{{Bacillota-stub}}

Kandleria vitulina WCE2011

2026-10-14T20:31:55Z

Rhiannon: Created page with "== Information =="

== Information ==

Kandleria vitulina

2026-10-14T20:30:21Z

Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

{{Short description|Species of bacterium}}
{{Speciesbox
| genus = Kandleria
| species = vitulina
| authority = (Sharpe et al. 1973) Salvetti et al. 2011<ref name=Kandleria-vitulina>{{cite journal|last1=Parte|first1=A.C.|title=Kandleria|journal=[[LPSN]]|url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/kandleria}}</ref>
| type_strain = ATCC 27783, ATCC 27783, CCUG 32236, CIP 103154, DSM 20405, JCM 1143, LMG 18931, NRRL B-14854
| type_strain_ref = <ref name=UniProt>{{cite journal|title=Kandleria vitulina|website=www.uniprot.org|url=https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/1630}}</ref>
| synonyms = ''Lactobacillus vitulinus''
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=DSMZ/>
}}

'''''Kandleria vitulina''''' is a bacterium from the genus ''[[Kandleria]]'' isolated from calf [[rumen]].<ref name=Kandleria-vitulina/><ref name=UniProt/><ref name=DSMZ>{{cite journal|title=Details: DSM-20405|website=www.dsmz.de|url=https://www.dsmz.de/catalogues/details/culture/DSM-20405.html}}</ref><ref name=Reclassification>{{cite journal|last1=Salvetti|first1=E.|last2=Felis|first2=G. E.|last3=Dellaglio|first3=F.|last4=Castioni|first4=A.|last5=Torriani|first5=S.|last6=Lawson|first6=P. A.|title=Reclassification of Lactobacillus catenaformis (Eggerth 1935) Moore and Holdeman 1970 and Lactobacillus vitulinus Sharpe et al. 1973 as Eggerthia catenaformis gen. nov., comb. nov. and Kandleria vitulina gen. nov., comb. nov., respectively|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|date=26 November 2010|volume=61|issue=10|pages=2520–2524|doi=10.1099/ijs.0.029231-0|pmid=21112984|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Previously classified as ''Lactobacillus vitulinus'', it has been reclassified based on phylogenetic information.<ref name=Reclassification></ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://bacdive.dsmz.de/index.php?search=5378&submit=Search Type strain of ''Kandleria vitulina'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q25860934}}

[[Category:Coprobacillaceae]]
[[Category:Bacteria described in 1973]]

{{Bacillota-stub}}

Ligilactobacillus

2026-10-14T20:28:42Z

Rhiannon:

{{Short description|Genus of bacteria}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image =
| image_caption =
| taxon = Ligilactobacillus
| authority = Zheng ''et al''. 2020<ref name="Zheng">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zheng J, Wittouck S, Salvetti E, Franz CM, Harris HM, Mattarelli P, O'Toole PW, Pot B, Vandamme P, Walter J, Watanabe K, Wuyts S, Felis GE, Gänzle MG, Lebeer S | year = 2020 | title = A taxonomic note on the genus ''Lactobacillus'': Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus ''Lactobacillus'' Beijerinck 1901, and union of ''Lactobacillaceae'' and ''Leuconostocaceae'' | journal = Int J Syst Evol Microbiol | volume = 70 | issue = 4 | pages = 2782–2858 | doi = 10.1099/ijsem.0.004107 | pmid = 32293557 | doi-access = free | hdl = 10067/1738330151162165141 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>
| type_species = ''[[Ligilactobacillus salivarius]]''
| type_species_authority = (Rogosa ''et al''. 1953) Zheng ''et al''. 2020<ref name="Zheng"/>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = * ''[[Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus agilis]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus animalis]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus apodemi]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus araffinosus]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus aviarius]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus ceti]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus equi]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus faecis]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus hayakitensis]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus murinus]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus pabuli]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus pobuzihii]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus ruminis]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus saerimneri]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus salitolerans]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus salivarius]]''
}}

'''''Ligilactobacillus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[lactic acid bacteria]] associated with [[vertebrate]] hosts, formed through the 2020 division of the ''[[Lactobacillus]]'' genus.<ref name="Zheng"/><ref name="LPSN">{{cite web |title=Genus Ligilactobacillus |url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/ligilactobacillus |access-date=November 6, 2022 |website=LPSN - [[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] |publisher=[[Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen]] |vauthors=Parte AC, Sarda Carbasse J, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Reimer LC, and Goker M}}</ref> Most of these homofermentative species are motile and express [[urease]] to survive gastric acids, making them popular choices for probiotics. The G/C content of this genus varies between 32.5-43.3%.<ref name="Zheng" />

==Species==
The genus ''Ligilactobacillus'' comprises the following species:<ref name="LPSN"/>
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis]]'' (Tanasupawat ''et al''. 2000) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus agilis]]'' (Weiss ''et al''. 1982) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus animalis]]'' (Dent and Williams 1983) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus apodemi]]'' (Osawa ''et al''. 2006) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus araffinosus]]'' (Fujisawa ''et al''. 1986) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus aviarius]]'' (Fujisawa ''et al''. 1985) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus ceti]]'' (Vela ''et al''. 2008) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus equi]]'' (Morotomi ''et al''. 2002) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus faecis]]'' (Endo ''et al''. 2013) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus hayakitensis]]'' (Morita ''et al''. 2007) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus murinus]]'' (Hemme ''et al''. 1982) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus pabuli]]'' Tohno ''et al''. 2022
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus pobuzihii]]'' (Chen ''et al''. 2010) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus ruminis]]'' (Sharpe ''et al''. 1973) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus saerimneri]]'' (Pedersen and Roos 2004) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus salitolerans]]'' (Tohno ''et al''. 2019) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus salivarius]]'' (Rogosa ''et al''. 1953) Zheng ''et al''. 2020

==Phylogeny==
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the [[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]<ref name="LPSN"/> and the phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA sequences using ''[[Lactobacillus acidophilus]]'' ATCC 4356 as an outgroup.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tohno |first=Masanori |last2=Tanizawa |first2=Yasuhiro |last3=Sawada |first3=Hiroyuki |last4=Sakamoto |first4=Mitsuo |last5=Ohkuma |first5=Moriya |last6=Kobayashi |first6=HisamiYR 2022 |title=A novel species of lactic acid bacteria, Ligilactobacillus pabuli sp. nov., isolated from alfalfa silage |url=https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.005587 |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |volume=72 |issue=10 |pages=005587 |doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.005587 |issn=1466-5034|url-access=subscription |doi-access=free }}</ref>

{{Clade | style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
|1={{clade
|label1='''''Ligilactobacillus'''''
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Ligilactobacillus pobuzihii]]''
|2=''[[Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis]]''}}
|2=''[[Ligilactobacillus pabuli]]''}}
|2=''[[Ligilactobacillus salitolerans]]''}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Ligilactobacillus saerimneri]]''
|2=''[[Ligilactobacillus ceti]]''}}}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Ligilactobacillus aviarius]]''
|2=''[[Ligilactobacillus araffinosus]]''}}
|3={{clade
|1=''[[Ligilactobacillus salivarius]]''
|2=''[[Ligilactobacillus hayakitensis]]''}}}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Ligilactobacillus agilis]]''
|2=''[[Ligilactobacillus equi]]''}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Ligilactobacillus ruminis]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Ligilactobacillus faecis]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Ligilactobacillus apodemi]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Ligilactobacillus murinus]]''
|2=''[[Ligilactobacillus animalis]]''}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
|2=''[[Lactobacillus acidophilus]]''
|label2=[[Outgroup (cladistics)|outgroup]]}}

== Global Methane Hub Strains ==

* [[Ligilactobaillus ruminis WC1T17|''Ligilactobaillus ruminis'' WC1T17]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q107548247}}

[[Category:Lactobacillaceae]]
[[Category:Bacteria genera]]

{{Lactobacilli-stub}}

List of GMH Strains

2026-10-14T20:13:12Z

Rhiannon:

* [[Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens TB|''Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens'' TB]]
* [[Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus B316ᵀ|''Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus'' B316ᵀ]]
* [[Butyrivibrio hungatei MB2003|''Butyrivibrio hungatei'' MB2003]]
* [[Prevotella ruminicola 23T|''Prevotella ruminicola'' 23T]]
* [[Prevotella bryantii C21a|''Prevotella bryantii'' C21a]]
* [[Prevotella bryantii B14|''Prevotella bryanti''i B14]]
* [[Ruminococcus albus 7|''Ruminococcus albus'' 7]]
* [[Selenomonas ruminantium GA192|''Selenomonas ruminantium'' GA192]]
* ''[[Sharpea azabuensis KH1P5|Sharpea azabuensis]]'' [[Sharpea azabuensis KH1P5|KH1P5]]
* ''Ligilactobacillus ruminis'' WC1T17
*Methanobrevibacteraceae
**''Methanarmilla boviskoreani'' Abm4
**''Methanarmilla boviskoreani'' JH1
**''Methanobrevibacter olleyae'' YLM1
**''Methanobrevibacter olleyae'' 1H5-1P
**''Methanobrevibacter ruminantium'' M1
**''Methanobrevibacter wolinii'' SH
**''[[Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii|Methanocatella gottschalkii]]'' [[Methanocatella gottschalkii HO|HO]]
**[[Methanobrevibacter millerae ZA-10|''Methanocatella millerae'' ZA-10]]
**''Methanocatella millerae'' SM9
**''Methanocatella thaueri'' CW
*Methanobacteriaceae
**''Methanobacterium formicicum'' [[Methanobacterium formicicum BRM9|BRM9]]

List of GMH Strains

2026-10-14T20:12:07Z

Rhiannon: Added link to strain page

* [[Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens TB|''Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens'' TB]]
* [[Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus B316ᵀ|''Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus'' B316ᵀ]]
* [[Butyrivibrio hungatei MB2003|''Butyrivibrio hungatei'' MB2003]]
* [[Prevotella ruminicola 23T|''Prevotella ruminicola'' 23T]]
* [[Prevotella bryantii C21a|''Prevotella bryantii'' C21a]]
* [[Prevotella bryantii B14|''Prevotella bryanti''i B14]]
* [[Ruminococcus albus 7|''Ruminococcus albus'' 7]]
* [[Selenomonas ruminantium GA192|''Selenomonas ruminantium'' GA192]]
* ''[[Sharpea azabuensis KH1P5|Sharpea azabuensis]]'' [[Sharpea azabuensis KH1P5|KH1P5]]
* [./Https://gmhwiki.alexandersci.com/index.php%3Ftitle=Ligilactobaillus_ruminis_WC1T17&oldid=prev&diff=872 ''Ligilactobacillus ruminis'' WC1T17]
*Methanobrevibacteraceae
**''Methanarmilla boviskoreani'' Abm4
**''Methanarmilla boviskoreani'' JH1
**''Methanobrevibacter olleyae'' YLM1
**''Methanobrevibacter olleyae'' 1H5-1P
**''Methanobrevibacter ruminantium'' M1
**''Methanobrevibacter wolinii'' SH
**''[[Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii|Methanocatella gottschalkii]]'' [[Methanocatella gottschalkii HO|HO]]
**[[Methanobrevibacter millerae ZA-10|''Methanocatella millerae'' ZA-10]]
**''Methanocatella millerae'' SM9
**''Methanocatella thaueri'' CW
*Methanobacteriaceae
**''Methanobacterium formicicum'' [[Methanobacterium formicicum BRM9|BRM9]]

Ligilactobaillus ruminis WC1T17

2026-10-14T20:07:38Z

Rhiannon: /* Methylating Escherichia coli strians */

== Introduction ==

=== Strain characteristics and function in the rumen ===
''Ligilactobacillus ruminis'' WC1T17 is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerotolerant anaerobic bacterium that typically grows in a single bacillus or diplo-bacillus cellular arrangement. ''Lactobacillus'' species are of increasing interest for methane mitigation research in ruminant animals as their metabolic network in the rumen can function as a hydrogen sink. ''Ligilactobacillus'' are lactic acid bacteria which ferment glucose in the rumen and produce lactate, this lactate can be utilized by syntrophic lactate utilizing bacteria to produce propionate, an important metabolite for the host animal, and this process also requires absorbs hydrogen thus reducing available substrate for methanogenesis. ''L. ruminis'' is of particular interest to the Global Methane Hub as it is the only known member of the ''Lactobacillus'' genus to be motile making it an attractive prospect for ruminant methane mitigation research as it is theoretically better suited to translocate to multiple niches within the rumen biome.

=== Strain history and information ===
''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 was isolated from the rumen of a healthy cow in Palmerston North, New Zealand by the Institute for Bioeconomy Science, formerly known as AgResearch. The strain contains a circular 1.9 Mb genome with no extrachromosomal elements such as plasmids. This strain can be readily cultured in MRS broth and on MRS agar plates under anaerobic conditions with an average doubling time of 40 minutes.

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) screening of antibiotics and counter-selective agents in liquid media shows that the strain is sensitive to the following tested antibiotics: chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin and the following counter-selective agents: 8-azehypoxanthine, 2-deoxy-d-galactose, 5-fluordeoxyuridine, and sucrose.

''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 is genetically tractable and has been successfully transformed via electroporation with the replicative shuttle vector [https://plasmidvectors.com/general-cloning/ pMTL89151]. This vector confers resistance to chloramphenicol and contains the pAMB1 Gram-positive origin of replication machinery in addition to a multiple cloning sight for integration of reporter genes or biological payloads of interest.

== Global Methane Hub Metadata ==
{| class="wikitable"
| valign="top" |Strain origin:
| valign="top" |New Zealand1
|-
| valign="top" |Isolated from:
| valign="top" |Cow rumen
|-
| valign="top" |Sequenced by:
| valign="top" |Rhiannon Cecil2
|-
| valign="top" |Assembled by:
| valign="top" |William G. Alexander3
|-
| valign="top" |Genome and methylome analysis by:
| valign="top" |William G. Alexander3 & Ashley Hall2
|-
| valign="top" |MIC and culturing conditions by:
| valign="top" |Rhiannon Cecil & Ashley Howes2
|-
| valign="top" |Transformed by:
| valign="top" |Ashley Howes
|}
1Institute for Bioeconomy Science, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 2BiomEdit, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. 3Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States.

== Genome ==
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |'''''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 Genome Summary'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Sequencing method'''
| valign="top" |'''Oxford Nanopore'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Contigs'''
| valign="top" |'''1'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Base pairs'''
| valign="top" |'''1.9 Mb'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''CDSs'''
| valign="top" |'''1,830'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''CRISPR'''
| valign="top" |'''1'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Genes'''
| valign="top" |'''1,952'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''rRNA'''
| valign="top" |'''19'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''tRNA'''
| valign="top" |'''73'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Miscellaneous RNA'''
| valign="top" |'''29'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Antimicrobial resistance genes'''
| valign="top" |'''None'''
|}

== Methylome ==

=== Methylome analysis summary results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" |''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 Methylome Summary
|-
| valign="top" |Isolation Motif
| valign="top" |% Motif Methylation
|-
| valign="top" |GTTGN(6mA)C
| valign="top" |99.13
|-
| valign="top" |CAC(6mA)G
| valign="top" |92.58
|-
| valign="top" |CAGR(6mA)G
| valign="top" |99.54
|}

=== DefenseFinder Results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 DefenseFinder Results
|-
| valign="top" |DefenseFinder System
| valign="top" |# Found
|-
| valign="top" |Cas (Class I, Type I-E)
| valign="top" |1
|-
| valign="top" |RM Type III
| valign="top" |1
|-
| valign="top" |PD-T7-2
| valign="top" |1
|-
| valign="top" |RM Type IIG
| valign="top" |3
|}

=== Methylating ''Escherichia coli'' strains ===
''E. coli'' strain AGXXXXX engineered to carry methytransferases X, X, X for methylating plasmid DNA for ''L. ruminis'' WC1T17.

== Culturing Conditions ==
''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 can be readily cultured in MRS broth or agar plates under anaerobic conditions (75% N2, 5% H2, and 20% CO2) at 39°C for 12 – 48 hours of incubation. ''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 colonies typically form on MRS agar plates overnight and colonies inoculated from an agar plate or transferred from an active liquid culture will also grow overnight; however, when reviving from cryostock the strain takes ~48 hours to exhibit growth in broth. The strain will remain viable in liquid or solid medium for ~1 week at room temperature under anaerobic conditions. For long-tern storage 1mL of active culture with an OD600 >0.8 should be combined with anaerobic 50% glycerol to a final glycerol concentration of 25% in anaerobic screw-cap cryovials then stored at -80°C. Revival of cryostocked cells is achieved by transferring a small amount of the cryostock to either an MRS agar plate or to MRS broth followed by incubation under anaerobic conditions.

== Antimicrobial Susceptibility ==

== Transformation Results ==

== External Links ==

Ligilactobaillus ruminis WC1T17

2026-10-14T20:07:11Z

Rhiannon: Created the page (10/14/26)

== Introduction ==

=== Strain characteristics and function in the rumen ===
''Ligilactobacillus ruminis'' WC1T17 is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerotolerant anaerobic bacterium that typically grows in a single bacillus or diplo-bacillus cellular arrangement. ''Lactobacillus'' species are of increasing interest for methane mitigation research in ruminant animals as their metabolic network in the rumen can function as a hydrogen sink. ''Ligilactobacillus'' are lactic acid bacteria which ferment glucose in the rumen and produce lactate, this lactate can be utilized by syntrophic lactate utilizing bacteria to produce propionate, an important metabolite for the host animal, and this process also requires absorbs hydrogen thus reducing available substrate for methanogenesis. ''L. ruminis'' is of particular interest to the Global Methane Hub as it is the only known member of the ''Lactobacillus'' genus to be motile making it an attractive prospect for ruminant methane mitigation research as it is theoretically better suited to translocate to multiple niches within the rumen biome.

=== Strain history and information ===
''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 was isolated from the rumen of a healthy cow in Palmerston North, New Zealand by the Institute for Bioeconomy Science, formerly known as AgResearch. The strain contains a circular 1.9 Mb genome with no extrachromosomal elements such as plasmids. This strain can be readily cultured in MRS broth and on MRS agar plates under anaerobic conditions with an average doubling time of 40 minutes.

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) screening of antibiotics and counter-selective agents in liquid media shows that the strain is sensitive to the following tested antibiotics: chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin and the following counter-selective agents: 8-azehypoxanthine, 2-deoxy-d-galactose, 5-fluordeoxyuridine, and sucrose.

''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 is genetically tractable and has been successfully transformed via electroporation with the replicative shuttle vector [https://plasmidvectors.com/general-cloning/ pMTL89151]. This vector confers resistance to chloramphenicol and contains the pAMB1 Gram-positive origin of replication machinery in addition to a multiple cloning sight for integration of reporter genes or biological payloads of interest.

== Global Methane Hub Metadata ==
{| class="wikitable"
| valign="top" |Strain origin:
| valign="top" |New Zealand1
|-
| valign="top" |Isolated from:
| valign="top" |Cow rumen
|-
| valign="top" |Sequenced by:
| valign="top" |Rhiannon Cecil2
|-
| valign="top" |Assembled by:
| valign="top" |William G. Alexander3
|-
| valign="top" |Genome and methylome analysis by:
| valign="top" |William G. Alexander3 & Ashley Hall2
|-
| valign="top" |MIC and culturing conditions by:
| valign="top" |Rhiannon Cecil & Ashley Howes2
|-
| valign="top" |Transformed by:
| valign="top" |Ashley Howes
|}
1Institute for Bioeconomy Science, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 2BiomEdit, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. 3Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States.

== Genome ==
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |'''''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 Genome Summary'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Sequencing method'''
| valign="top" |'''Oxford Nanopore'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Contigs'''
| valign="top" |'''1'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Base pairs'''
| valign="top" |'''1.9 Mb'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''CDSs'''
| valign="top" |'''1,830'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''CRISPR'''
| valign="top" |'''1'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Genes'''
| valign="top" |'''1,952'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''rRNA'''
| valign="top" |'''19'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''tRNA'''
| valign="top" |'''73'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Miscellaneous RNA'''
| valign="top" |'''29'''
|-
| valign="top" |'''Antimicrobial resistance genes'''
| valign="top" |'''None'''
|}

== Methylome ==

=== Methylome analysis summary results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" |''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 Methylome Summary
|-
| valign="top" |Isolation Motif
| valign="top" |% Motif Methylation
|-
| valign="top" |GTTGN(6mA)C
| valign="top" |99.13
|-
| valign="top" |CAC(6mA)G
| valign="top" |92.58
|-
| valign="top" |CAGR(6mA)G
| valign="top" |99.54
|}

=== DefenseFinder Results ===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" valign="top" |''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 DefenseFinder Results
|-
| valign="top" |DefenseFinder System
| valign="top" |# Found
|-
| valign="top" |Cas (Class I, Type I-E)
| valign="top" |1
|-
| valign="top" |RM Type III
| valign="top" |1
|-
| valign="top" |PD-T7-2
| valign="top" |1
|-
| valign="top" |RM Type IIG
| valign="top" |3
|}

=== Methylating ''Escherichia coli'' strians ===
''E. coli'' strain AGXXXXX engineered to carry methytransferases X, X, X for methylating plasmid DNA for ''L. ruminis'' WC1T17.

== Culturing Conditions ==
''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 can be readily cultured in MRS broth or agar plates under anaerobic conditions (75% N2, 5% H2, and 20% CO2) at 39°C for 12 – 48 hours of incubation. ''L. ruminis'' WC1T17 colonies typically form on MRS agar plates overnight and colonies inoculated from an agar plate or transferred from an active liquid culture will also grow overnight; however, when reviving from cryostock the strain takes ~48 hours to exhibit growth in broth. The strain will remain viable in liquid or solid medium for ~1 week at room temperature under anaerobic conditions. For long-tern storage 1mL of active culture with an OD600 >0.8 should be combined with anaerobic 50% glycerol to a final glycerol concentration of 25% in anaerobic screw-cap cryovials then stored at -80°C. Revival of cryostocked cells is achieved by transferring a small amount of the cryostock to either an MRS agar plate or to MRS broth followed by incubation under anaerobic conditions.

== Antimicrobial Susceptibility ==

== Transformation Results ==

== External Links ==

Ligilactobacillus

2026-10-14T19:36:36Z

Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

{{Short description|Genus of bacteria}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image =
| image_caption =
| taxon = Ligilactobacillus
| authority = Zheng ''et al''. 2020<ref name="Zheng">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zheng J, Wittouck S, Salvetti E, Franz CM, Harris HM, Mattarelli P, O'Toole PW, Pot B, Vandamme P, Walter J, Watanabe K, Wuyts S, Felis GE, Gänzle MG, Lebeer S | year = 2020 | title = A taxonomic note on the genus ''Lactobacillus'': Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus ''Lactobacillus'' Beijerinck 1901, and union of ''Lactobacillaceae'' and ''Leuconostocaceae'' | journal = Int J Syst Evol Microbiol | volume = 70 | issue = 4 | pages = 2782–2858 | doi = 10.1099/ijsem.0.004107 | pmid = 32293557 | doi-access = free | hdl = 10067/1738330151162165141 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>
| type_species = ''[[Ligilactobacillus salivarius]]''
| type_species_authority = (Rogosa ''et al''. 1953) Zheng ''et al''. 2020<ref name="Zheng"/>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = * ''[[Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus agilis]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus animalis]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus apodemi]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus araffinosus]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus aviarius]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus ceti]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus equi]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus faecis]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus hayakitensis]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus murinus]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus pabuli]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus pobuzihii]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus ruminis]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus saerimneri]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus salitolerans]]''
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus salivarius]]''
}}

'''''Ligilactobacillus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[lactic acid bacteria]] associated with [[vertebrate]] hosts, formed through the 2020 division of the ''[[Lactobacillus]]'' genus.<ref name="Zheng"/><ref name="LPSN">{{cite web |title=Genus Ligilactobacillus |url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/ligilactobacillus |access-date=November 6, 2022 |website=LPSN - [[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] |publisher=[[Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen]] |vauthors=Parte AC, Sarda Carbasse J, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Reimer LC, and Goker M}}</ref> Most of these homofermentative species are motile and express [[urease]] to survive gastric acids, making them popular choices for probiotics. The G/C content of this genus varies between 32.5-43.3%.<ref name="Zheng" />

==Species==
The genus ''Ligilactobacillus'' comprises the following species:<ref name="LPSN"/>
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis]]'' (Tanasupawat ''et al''. 2000) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus agilis]]'' (Weiss ''et al''. 1982) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus animalis]]'' (Dent and Williams 1983) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus apodemi]]'' (Osawa ''et al''. 2006) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus araffinosus]]'' (Fujisawa ''et al''. 1986) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus aviarius]]'' (Fujisawa ''et al''. 1985) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus ceti]]'' (Vela ''et al''. 2008) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus equi]]'' (Morotomi ''et al''. 2002) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus faecis]]'' (Endo ''et al''. 2013) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus hayakitensis]]'' (Morita ''et al''. 2007) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus murinus]]'' (Hemme ''et al''. 1982) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus pabuli]]'' Tohno ''et al''. 2022
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus pobuzihii]]'' (Chen ''et al''. 2010) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus ruminis]]'' (Sharpe ''et al''. 1973) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus saerimneri]]'' (Pedersen and Roos 2004) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus salitolerans]]'' (Tohno ''et al''. 2019) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Ligilactobacillus salivarius]]'' (Rogosa ''et al''. 1953) Zheng ''et al''. 2020

==Phylogeny==
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the [[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]<ref name="LPSN"/> and the phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA sequences using ''[[Lactobacillus acidophilus]]'' ATCC 4356 as an outgroup.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tohno |first=Masanori |last2=Tanizawa |first2=Yasuhiro |last3=Sawada |first3=Hiroyuki |last4=Sakamoto |first4=Mitsuo |last5=Ohkuma |first5=Moriya |last6=Kobayashi |first6=HisamiYR 2022 |title=A novel species of lactic acid bacteria, Ligilactobacillus pabuli sp. nov., isolated from alfalfa silage |url=https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.005587 |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |volume=72 |issue=10 |pages=005587 |doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.005587 |issn=1466-5034|url-access=subscription |doi-access=free }}</ref>

{{Clade | style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
|1={{clade
|label1='''''Ligilactobacillus'''''
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Ligilactobacillus pobuzihii]]''
|2=''[[Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis]]''}}
|2=''[[Ligilactobacillus pabuli]]''}}
|2=''[[Ligilactobacillus salitolerans]]''}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Ligilactobacillus saerimneri]]''
|2=''[[Ligilactobacillus ceti]]''}}}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Ligilactobacillus aviarius]]''
|2=''[[Ligilactobacillus araffinosus]]''}}
|3={{clade
|1=''[[Ligilactobacillus salivarius]]''
|2=''[[Ligilactobacillus hayakitensis]]''}}}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Ligilactobacillus agilis]]''
|2=''[[Ligilactobacillus equi]]''}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Ligilactobacillus ruminis]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Ligilactobacillus faecis]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Ligilactobacillus apodemi]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Ligilactobacillus murinus]]''
|2=''[[Ligilactobacillus animalis]]''}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
|2=''[[Lactobacillus acidophilus]]''
|label2=[[Outgroup (cladistics)|outgroup]]}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q107548247}}

[[Category:Lactobacillaceae]]
[[Category:Bacteria genera]]

{{Lactobacilli-stub}}

Module:Lang/data/is latn data

2026-10-14T19:26:42Z

Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

--[[--------------------------< S I N G L E S _ T >-----------------------------------------------------------

list of Latn and Zyyy (common) codepoints that are not included in <ranges_t> taken from Module:Unicode data/scripts
and a local copy of https://www.unicode.org/Public/17.0.0/ucd/ScriptExtensions.txt using Module:Lang/data/make is latn data

]]

local singles_t = {
[170] = true, -- 00AA
[186] = true, -- 00BA
[215] = true, -- 00D7
[247] = true, -- 00F7
[787] = true, -- 0313
[856] = true, -- 0358
[862] = true, -- 035E
[884] = true, -- 0374
[894] = true, -- 037E
[901] = true, -- 0385
[903] = true, -- 0387
[1541] = true, -- 0605
[1548] = true, -- 060C
[1563] = true, -- 061B
[1567] = true, -- 061F
[1600] = true, -- 0640
[1757] = true, -- 06DD
[2274] = true, -- 08E2
[3647] = true, -- 0E3F
[4347] = true, -- 10FB
[6149] = true, -- 1805
[7379] = true, -- 1CD3
[7393] = true, -- 1CE1
[7418] = true, -- 1CFA
[7672] = true, -- 1DF8
[8305] = true, -- 2071
[8319] = true, -- 207F
[8432] = true, -- 20F0
[8498] = true, -- 2132
[8526] = true, -- 214E
[12294] = true, -- 3006
[12448] = true, -- 30A0
[12783] = true, -- 31EF
[13055] = true, -- 32FF
[43310] = true, -- A92E
[43471] = true, -- A9CF
[43867] = true, -- AB5B
[65279] = true, -- FEFF
[65392] = true, -- FF70
[119970] = true, -- 1D4A2
[119995] = true, -- 1D4BB
[120134] = true, -- 1D546
[129008] = true, -- 1F7F0
[129736] = true, -- 1FAC8
[917505] = true, -- E0001
}

--[[--------------------------< R A N G E S _ T >-------------------------------------------------------------

list of Latn and Zyyy (common) codepoints taken from Module:Unicode data/scripts and a local copy of
https://www.unicode.org/Public/16.0.0/ucd/ScriptExtensions.txt

]]

local ranges_t = {
{0, 169}, -- 0000..00A9
{171, 185}, -- 00AB..00B9
{187, 214}, -- 00BB..00D6
{216, 246}, -- 00D8..00F6
{248, 745}, -- 00F8..02E9
{748, 782}, -- 02EC..030E
{784, 785}, -- 0310..0311
{803, 805}, -- 0323..0325
{813, 814}, -- 032D..032E
{816, 817}, -- 0330..0331
{867, 879}, -- 0363..036F
{1157, 1158}, -- 0485..0486
{2385, 2386}, -- 0951..0952
{2404, 2405}, -- 0964..0965
{4053, 4056}, -- 0FD5..0FD8
{5867, 5869}, -- 16EB..16ED
{5941, 5942}, -- 1735..1736
{6146, 6147}, -- 1802..1803
{7401, 7404}, -- 1CE9..1CEC
{7406, 7411}, -- 1CEE..1CF3
{7413, 7415}, -- 1CF5..1CF7
{7424, 7461}, -- 1D00..1D25
{7468, 7516}, -- 1D2C..1D5C
{7522, 7525}, -- 1D62..1D65
{7531, 7543}, -- 1D6B..1D77
{7545, 7614}, -- 1D79..1DBE
{7680, 7935}, -- 1E00..1EFF
{8192, 8203}, -- 2000..200B
{8206, 8292}, -- 200E..2064
{8294, 8304}, -- 2066..2070
{8308, 8318}, -- 2074..207E
{8320, 8334}, -- 2080..208E
{8336, 8348}, -- 2090..209C
{8352, 8385}, -- 20A0..20C1
{8448, 8485}, -- 2100..2125
{8487, 8497}, -- 2127..2131
{8499, 8525}, -- 2133..214D
{8527, 8587}, -- 214F..218B
{8592, 9257}, -- 2190..2429
{9280, 9290}, -- 2440..244A
{9312, 10239}, -- 2460..27FF
{10496, 11123}, -- 2900..2B73
{11126, 11263}, -- 2B76..2BFF
{11360, 11391}, -- 2C60..2C7F
{11776, 11869}, -- 2E00..2E5D
{12272, 12292}, -- 2FF0..3004
{12296, 12320}, -- 3008..3020
{12336, 12343}, -- 3030..3037
{12348, 12351}, -- 303C..303F
{12443, 12444}, -- 309B..309C
{12539, 12540}, -- 30FB..30FC
{12688, 12703}, -- 3190..319F
{12736, 12773}, -- 31C0..31E5
{12832, 12895}, -- 3220..325F
{12927, 13007}, -- 327F..32CF
{13144, 13311}, -- 3358..33FF
{19904, 19967}, -- 4DC0..4DFF
{42752, 42972}, -- A700..A7DC
{42993, 43007}, -- A7F1..A7FF
{43056, 43065}, -- A830..A839
{43824, 43866}, -- AB30..AB5A
{43868, 43876}, -- AB5C..AB64
{43878, 43883}, -- AB66..AB6B
{64256, 64262}, -- FB00..FB06
{64830, 64831}, -- FD3E..FD3F
{65040, 65049}, -- FE10..FE19
{65072, 65106}, -- FE30..FE52
{65108, 65126}, -- FE54..FE66
{65128, 65131}, -- FE68..FE6B
{65281, 65381}, -- FF01..FF65
{65438, 65439}, -- FF9E..FF9F
{65504, 65510}, -- FFE0..FFE6
{65512, 65518}, -- FFE8..FFEE
{65529, 65533}, -- FFF9..FFFD
{65792, 65794}, -- 10100..10102
{65799, 65843}, -- 10107..10133
{65847, 65855}, -- 10137..1013F
{65936, 65948}, -- 10190..1019C
{66000, 66044}, -- 101D0..101FC
{66273, 66299}, -- 102E1..102FB
{67456, 67461}, -- 10780..10785
{67463, 67504}, -- 10787..107B0
{67506, 67514}, -- 107B2..107BA
{113824, 113827}, -- 1BCA0..1BCA3
{117760, 118012}, -- 1CC00..1CCFC
{118016, 118451}, -- 1CD00..1CEB3
{118458, 118480}, -- 1CEBA..1CED0
{118496, 118512}, -- 1CEE0..1CEF0
{118608, 118723}, -- 1CF50..1CFC3
{118784, 119029}, -- 1D000..1D0F5
{119040, 119078}, -- 1D100..1D126
{119081, 119142}, -- 1D129..1D166
{119146, 119162}, -- 1D16A..1D17A
{119171, 119172}, -- 1D183..1D184
{119180, 119209}, -- 1D18C..1D1A9
{119214, 119274}, -- 1D1AE..1D1EA
{119488, 119507}, -- 1D2C0..1D2D3
{119520, 119539}, -- 1D2E0..1D2F3
{119552, 119638}, -- 1D300..1D356
{119648, 119672}, -- 1D360..1D378
{119808, 119892}, -- 1D400..1D454
{119894, 119964}, -- 1D456..1D49C
{119966, 119967}, -- 1D49E..1D49F
{119973, 119974}, -- 1D4A5..1D4A6
{119977, 119980}, -- 1D4A9..1D4AC
{119982, 119993}, -- 1D4AE..1D4B9
{119997, 120003}, -- 1D4BD..1D4C3
{120005, 120069}, -- 1D4C5..1D505
{120071, 120074}, -- 1D507..1D50A
{120077, 120084}, -- 1D50D..1D514
{120086, 120092}, -- 1D516..1D51C
{120094, 120121}, -- 1D51E..1D539
{120123, 120126}, -- 1D53B..1D53E
{120128, 120132}, -- 1D540..1D544
{120138, 120144}, -- 1D54A..1D550
{120146, 120485}, -- 1D552..1D6A5
{120488, 120779}, -- 1D6A8..1D7CB
{120782, 120831}, -- 1D7CE..1D7FF
{122624, 122654}, -- 1DF00..1DF1E
{122661, 122666}, -- 1DF25..1DF2A
{126065, 126132}, -- 1EC71..1ECB4
{126209, 126269}, -- 1ED01..1ED3D
{126976, 127019}, -- 1F000..1F02B
{127024, 127123}, -- 1F030..1F093
{127136, 127150}, -- 1F0A0..1F0AE
{127153, 127167}, -- 1F0B1..1F0BF
{127169, 127183}, -- 1F0C1..1F0CF
{127185, 127221}, -- 1F0D1..1F0F5
{127232, 127405}, -- 1F100..1F1AD
{127462, 127487}, -- 1F1E6..1F1FF
{127489, 127490}, -- 1F201..1F202
{127504, 127547}, -- 1F210..1F23B
{127552, 127560}, -- 1F240..1F248
{127568, 127569}, -- 1F250..1F251
{127584, 127589}, -- 1F260..1F265
{127744, 128728}, -- 1F300..1F6D8
{128732, 128748}, -- 1F6DC..1F6EC
{128752, 128764}, -- 1F6F0..1F6FC
{128768, 128985}, -- 1F700..1F7D9
{128992, 129003}, -- 1F7E0..1F7EB
{129024, 129035}, -- 1F800..1F80B
{129040, 129095}, -- 1F810..1F847
{129104, 129113}, -- 1F850..1F859
{129120, 129159}, -- 1F860..1F887
{129168, 129197}, -- 1F890..1F8AD
{129200, 129211}, -- 1F8B0..1F8BB
{129216, 129217}, -- 1F8C0..1F8C1
{129232, 129240}, -- 1F8D0..1F8D8
{129280, 129623}, -- 1F900..1FA57
{129632, 129645}, -- 1FA60..1FA6D
{129648, 129660}, -- 1FA70..1FA7C
{129664, 129674}, -- 1FA80..1FA8A
{129678, 129734}, -- 1FA8E..1FAC6
{129741, 129756}, -- 1FACD..1FADC
{129759, 129770}, -- 1FADF..1FAEA
{129775, 129784}, -- 1FAEF..1FAF8
{129792, 129938}, -- 1FB00..1FB92
{129940, 130042}, -- 1FB94..1FBFA
{917536, 917631}, -- E0020..E007F
}

--[[--------------------------< S P E C I A L S _ T >---------------------------------------------------------

list of individual language-specific non-Latn and non-Zyyy codepoints; these codepoints commonly used in
transliterations. This list is manually currated so is most likely incomplete.

keys to <specials_t> are decimal codepoints; other keys are language tags (always lowercase) of language
transliterations that use these non-Latn codepoints.

]]

local specials_t = {
[788] = { -- U+0314: COMBINING REVERSED COMMA ABOVE
["hy"] = true, -- Armenian
},
[794] = { -- U+031A: COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE
["ltc"] = true, -- Middle Chinese; is this really IPA?
},
[795] = { -- U+031B: COMBINING HORN
["th"] = true, -- Thai
},
[806] = { -- U+0326: COMBINING COMMA BELOW
["ab"] = true, -- Abkhaz
["kca"] = true, -- Khanty
["xal"] = true, -- Kalmyk or Oirat
},
[807] = { -- U+0327: COMBINING CEDILLA
["fa"] = true, -- Persian
},
[809] = { -- U+0329: COMBINING VERTICAL LINE BELOW
["ab"] = true, -- Abkhaz
["sa"] = true, -- Sanskrit
},
[815] = { -- U+032F: COMBINING INVERTED BREVE BELOW
["mong"] = true, -- Mongolian
["xsc"] = true, -- Scythian
},
[818] = { -- U+0332: COMBINING LOW LINE
["ar"] = true, -- Arabic
["hbo"] = true, -- Ancient Hebrew
["he"] = true, -- Hebrew
["jpa"] = true, -- Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
["mdh"] = true, -- Maguindanaon
["otk"] = true, -- Old Turkish
},
[831] = { -- U+033F: COMBINING DOUBLE OVERLINE
["mnp"] = true, -- Northern Min Chinese, Jian'ou dialect
},
[855] = { -- U+0357: COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING ABOVE
["egy"] = true, -- Ancient Egyptian
},
[863] = { -- U+035F: COMBINING DOUBLE MACRON BELOW
["am"] = true, -- Amharic
["ar"] = true, -- Arabic
["dv"] = true, -- Dhivehi, Divehi, or Maldivian
["fa"] = true, -- Persian
["hi"] = true, -- Hindi
["inc"] = true, -- Indic languages
["ur"] = true, -- Urdu
},
[864] = { -- U+0360: COMBINING DOUBLE TILDE
["hi"] = true, -- Hindi
},
[865] = { -- U+0361: COMBINING DOUBLE INVERTED BREVE
["be"] = true, -- Belarusian
["ltc"] = true, -- Middle Chinese; is this really IPA?
["ru"] = true, -- Russian
["rue"] = true, -- Rusyn
["sem"] = true, -- Semitic languages
["sit"] = true, -- Sino-Tibetan languages
["tt"] = true, -- Tatar
},
[916] = { -- U+0394: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA
["xsc"] = true, -- Scythian
["xsc-x-pontic"] = true, -- Pontic Scythian
},
[920] = { -- U+0398: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER THETA
["ae"] = true, -- Avestan
},
[934] = { -- U+03A6: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PHI
["xle"] = true, -- Lemnian
},
[945] = { -- U+03B1: GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA
["apc"] = true, -- Levantine Arabic
},
[946] = { -- U+03B2: GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA
["ae"] = true, -- Avestan
["gha"] = true, -- Ghadamès
["ougr"] = true, -- Old Uyghur
["sem"] = true, -- Semitic languages
["syc"] = true, -- Classical Syriac
["wuu"] = true, -- Shanghainese variety of Wu Chinese
},
[947] = { -- U+03B3: GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA
["ae"] = true, -- Avestan
["ltc"] = true, -- Late Middle Chinese
["mn"] = true, -- Mongolian
["och"] = true, -- Old Chinese
["ougr"] = true, -- Old Uyghur
["pal"] = true, -- Middle Persian
["syc"] = true, -- Classical Syriac
["syr"] = true, -- Syriac
["xal"] = true, -- Kalmyk or Oirat
["xng"] = true, -- Middle Mongolian
["xsc"] = true, -- Scythian
["ydg"] = true, -- Yidgha
["mong"] = true, -- Mongolian
},
[948] = { -- U+03B4: GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA
["ae"] = true, -- Avestan
["ougr"] = true, -- Old Uyghur
["sog"] = true, -- Sogdian
["sogd"] = true, -- Sogdian
["syc"] = true, -- Classical Syriac
["xpr"] = true, -- Parthian
["xsc"] = true, -- Scythian
["xsc-x-pontic"] = true, -- Pontic Scythian
},
[952] = { -- U+03B8: GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA
["ae"] = true, -- Avestan
["ba"] = true, -- Bashkir
["cms"] = true, -- Messapic
["ett"] = true, -- Etruscan
["hur"] = true, -- Halkomelem
["ira"] = true, -- Iranian languages
["my"] = true, -- Burmese
["pal"] = true, -- Middle Persian (Pahlavi)
["peo"] = true, -- Old Persian
["sa"] = true, -- Sanskrit
["sem"] = true, -- Semitic languages
["syc"] = true, -- Classical Syriac
["syr"] = true, -- Syriac
["xme"] = true, -- Median
["xpg"] = true, -- Phrygian
["xpr"] = true, -- Parthian
["xsc"] = true, -- Scythian
},
[955] = { -- U+03BB: GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA
["xcr"] = true, -- Carian
["xld"] = true, -- Lydian
},
[963] = { -- U+03C3: GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA
["ett"] = true, -- Etruscan
},
[964] = { -- U+03C4: GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU
["xld"] = true, -- Lydian
},
[966] = { -- U+03C6: GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI
["ett"] = true, -- Etruscan
},
[967] = { -- U+03C7: GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI
["ett"] = true, -- Etruscan
["gem"] = true, -- Germanic languages
["hur"] = true, -- Halkomelem
["kbd"] = true, -- Kabardian
["ltc"] = true, -- Late Middle Chinese
["och"] = true, -- Old Chinese
["xlc"] = true, -- Lycian
["xle"] = true, -- Lemnian
},
[968] = { -- U+03C8: GREEK SMALL LETTER PSI
["ett"] = true, -- Etruscan
},
[977] = { -- U+03D1: GREEK THETA SYMBOL (cursive form)
["ae"] = true, -- Avestan
["ira"] = true, -- Iranian languages
["peo"] = true, -- Old Persian
["xme"] = true, -- Median
["xsc"] = true, -- Scythian
["xsc-x-pontic"] = true, -- Pontic Scythian
},
[1098] = { -- U+044A: CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN
["ady"] = true, -- Adyghe
["cu"] = true, -- Church Slavic
["zls"] = true, -- South Slavic languages
},
[1100] = { -- U+044C: CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN
["az"] = true, -- Azerbaijani
["cu"] = true, -- Church Slavonic
["dng"] = true, -- Dungan
["ru"] = true, -- Russian
["tt"] = true, -- Tatar
["tyv"] = true, -- Tuvinian
},
[1278] = { -- U+04FE: CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA WITH STROKE
["av"] = true, -- Avar
},
[1279] = { -- U+04FF: CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA WITH STROKE
["av"] = true, -- Avar
},
[8113] = { -- U+1FB1: GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH MACRON
["apc"] = true, -- Levantine Arabic
},
[8190] = { -- U+1FFE: GREEK DASIA
["ar"] = true, -- Arabic (Ayin)
["xcl"] = true, -- Classical Armenian
},
[19978] = { -- U+4E0A: [CJK Unified Ideographs]
["wuu"] = true, -- Wu Chinese tone marker
},
[20837] = { -- U+5165: [CJK Unified Ideographs]
["wuu"] = true, -- Wu Chinese tone marker
},
[21435] = { -- U+53BB: [CJK Unified Ideographs]
["wuu"] = true, -- Wu Chinese tone marker
},
[24179] = { -- U+5E73: [CJK Unified Ideographs]
["wuu"] = true, -- Wu Chinese tone marker
},
[38451] = { -- U+9633: [CJK Unified Ideographs] (Yang)
["wuu"] = true, -- Suzhou dialect of Wu Chinese tone marker --[[Suzhou dialect#Tones]]
},
[38452] = { -- U+9634: [CJK Unified Ideographs] (Yin)
["wuu"] = true, -- Suzhou dialect of Wu Chinese tone marker --[[Suzhou dialect#Tones]]
},
[65056] = { -- U+FE20: COMBINING LIGATURE LEFT HALF
["ru"] = true, -- Russian
},
[65057] = { -- U+FE21: COMBINING LIGATURE RIGHT HALF
["ru"] = true, -- Russian
},
}

--[[--------------------------< E X P O R T S >---------------------------------------------------------------
]]

return {
ranges_t = ranges_t,
singles_t = singles_t,
specials_t = specials_t,

sizeof_ranges_t = #ranges_t,
}

Module:Lang/configuration

2026-10-14T19:26:41Z

Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

--[[--------------------------< T E M P L A T E S _ T >--------------------------------------------------------
]]

local templates_t = {
lang = 'Lang',
langx = 'Langx',
langxx = 'Lang-xx',
transliteration = 'Transliteration',
}

--[[--------------------------< K N O W N _ P A R A M S >------------------------------------------------------

lists of all parameters known to {{lang}}, {{langx}}, {{lang-xx}} templates.

Exception: |fn= is known to {{lang}} but is not a 'lang' template; that parameter causes the module to call the
specified lang(), lang_xx_inherit(), or lang_xx_italic() function. These separate functions set |fn= to nill
and then do the known-param checking on the other template parameters

]]

local known_params_t = {
['common_params_all_t'] = { -- these parameters common to {{lang}}, {{langx}}, and {{lang-xx}}
['code'] = true,
['text'] = true,
['rtl'] = true,
['italic'] = true,
['italics'] = true,
['i'] = true,
['size'] = true,
['proto'] = true,
['nocat'] = true,
['cat'] = true,

['template'] = true, -- supplied by external templates to provide template name for error messaging ({{nihongo}}, etc)
},

['params_lang_t'] = { -- unique to {{lang}}
[1] = true, -- alias of |code=
[2] = true, -- alias of |text=
},

['params_x_t'] = { -- common to {{langx}} and {{lang-xx}}
['translit'] = true,
['translit-std'] = true,
['translit-script'] = true,
['translation'] = true,
['lit='] = true,
['label'] = true,
['link'] = true,
['links'] = true,
['lit'] = true,
['engvar'] = true,
},

['params_langx_t'] = { -- unique to {{langx}}
[1] = true, -- alias of |code=
[2] = true, -- alias of |text=
[3] = true, -- alias of |translit=
[4] = true, -- alias of |translation=
},

['params_lang_xx_t'] = { -- unique to {{lang-xx}}
[1] = true, -- alias of |text=
[2] = true, -- alias of |translit=
[3] = true, -- alias of |translation=
['script'] = true, -- these needed to override default params in {{lang-??}} templates
['region'] = true,
['variant'] = true,
},
}

--[[--------------------------< E N G _ V A R >----------------------------------------------------------------

Used at en.wiki so that spelling of 'romanized' (US, default) can be changed to 'romanised' to match the envar
specified by a {{Use xxx English}}. Not likely useful outside of en.wiki

This is accomplished by setting |engvar=gb; can, should be omitted in articles that use American English; no
need for the clutter.

]]

local engvar_sel_t = { -- select either UK English or US English
['au'] = 'gb_t', -- these match IANA region codes (except in lower case)
['ca'] = 'us_t',
['gb'] = 'gb_t',
['ie'] = 'gb_t',
['in'] = 'gb_t',
['nz'] = 'gb_t',
['us'] = 'us_t', -- default engvar
['za'] = 'gb_t'
};

local engvar_t = {
['gb_t'] = {
['romanisz_lc'] = 'romanisation', -- lower case
['romanisz_uc'] = 'Romanisation', -- upper case; unused can be deleted
['romanisz_pt'] = 'romanised', -- past tense
},
['us_t'] = { -- default engvar
['romanisz_lc'] = 'romanization', -- lower case
['romanisz_uc'] = 'Romanization', -- upper case; unused can be deleted
['romanisz_pt'] = 'romanized', -- past tense
}
}

local default_engvar = 'us_t';

--[[
=============================<< M E S S A G I N G T A B L E S >>=============================================

these tables are for internationalization. Messages or fragments thereof are mostly grouped by function name.
Some messages are shared by functions other than the function table that lists the message or fragment.

]]

--[[--------------------------< K E Y W O R D S _ T >----------------------------------------------------------
]]

local keywords_t = {
['affirmative'] = 'yes',
['negative'] = 'no',
['unset'] = 'unset',
['invert'] = 'invert',
['default'] = 'default',
}

--[[--------------------------< M I S C _ T E X T _ T >--------------------------------------------------------

]]

local misc_text_t = {
['error'] = 'Error', -- make_error_msg(), tag_from_name()
['language'] = 'language', -- make_translit(), lang_xx(), name_from_tag()
['help'] = 'help',
}

--[[--------------------------< M A K E _ E R R O R _ M S G _ T >----------------------------------------------
]]

local make_error_msg_t = {
['xlit_err_cat'] = 'Transliteration template errors',
['lang_err_cat'] = 'Lang and lang-xx template errors',
['undefined'] = 'undefined',
}

--[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ I T A L I C _ T >--------------------------------------------
]]

local parameter_validate_t = {
['invalid_param'] = 'invalid parameter: |$1=', -- $1 is parameter name
}

--[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ I T A L I C _ T >--------------------------------------------
]]

local validate_italic_t = {
['multi_italic'] = 'only one of |italic=, |italics=, or |i= can be specified',
}

--[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ T E X T _ T >------------------------------------------------
]]

local validate_text_t = {
['no_text'] = 'no text',
['malformed_markup'] = 'text has malformed markup',
['italic_markup'] = 'text has italic markup',
}

--[[--------------------------< T E X T _ S C R I P T _ M A T C H _ T E S T _ T >------------------------------
]]

local text_script_match_test_t = {
['latn_txt_mismatch'] = 'Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch',
['latn_scr_mismatch'] = 'Non-latn text (pos $1: $2)/Latn script subtag mismatch', -- $1 identifies offending character's position; $2 is the character
}

--[[--------------------------< L A N G _ T >------------------------------------------------------------------
]]

local lang_t = {
['conflict_n_param'] = 'conflicting: {{{$1}}} and |$2=', -- $1 is positional param number, $2 is named param; shared with _lang_xx()
['conflict_n_param_types'] = {
['code'] = 'code',
['text'] = 'text',
['translit'] = 'translit',
},
['invalid_proto'] = 'invalid |proto=: $1', -- _lang_xx also emits this message
}

--[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ T >------------------------------------------------------------
]]

local lang_xx_t = {
['conflict_n_lit'] = 'conflicting: {{{$1}}} and |lit= or |translation=', -- $1 is positional parameter; can be either 3 ({{lang-??}}) or 4 ({{langx}})
['conflict_lit'] = 'conflicting: |lit= and |translation=',
['conflict_link'] = 'conflicting: |links= and |link=',
['invalid_xlit_std'] = 'invalid translit-std',
['romanization'] = 'Romanization of',
['translit_nonlatn'] = 'transliteration text not Latin script (pos $1: $2)', -- _xlit() also emits this message; $1 identifies offending character's position; $2 is the character
['xlit_of_latn'] = 'transliteration of latn script',
}

--[[--------------------------< T A G _ F R O M _ N A M E _ T >------------------------------------------------
]]

local tag_from_name_t = {
['lang_not_found'] = 'language: $1 not found', -- $1 is language name parameter value
['missing_lang_name'] = 'missing language name',
}

--[[--------------------------< T R A N S L _ T >--------------------------------------------------------------
]]

local transl_t = {
['unrecog_xlit_std'] = 'unrecognized transliteration standard: $1', -- $1 is |translit_std- parameter value
['no_text'] = 'no text',
['missing_lang_scr'] = 'missing language / script code',
['unrecog_lang_scr'] = 'unrecognized language / script code: $1', -- $1 is the language/script code
}

--[[--------------------------< G E T _ I E T F _ P A R T S _ T >----------------------------------------------
]]

local get_ietf_parts_t = {
['maint_promo_cat'] = 'Lang and lang-xx code promoted to ISO 639-1|$1', -- $1 is ISO 639-2/3 subtag
['maint_promo_msg'] = 'code: $1 promoted to code: $2', -- $1 is ISO 639-2/3 subtag, $2 is synonymous ISO 639-1 subtag

['missing_lang_tag'] = 'missing language tag', -- also used in _langx()
['redundant_scr'] = 'redundant script tag',
['redundant_reg'] = 'redundant region tag',
['redundant_var'] = 'redundant variant tag',
['unrecog_tag'] = 'unrecognized language tag: $1', -- $1 is the whole language tag
['unrecog_code'] = 'unrecognized language code: $1', -- $1 is code
['unrecog_reg_code'] = 'unrecognized region: $1 for code: $2', -- $1 is region, $2 is code
['unrecog_scr_code'] = 'unrecognized script: $1 for code: $2', -- $1 is script, $2 is code
['script_code'] = 'script: $1 not supported for code: $2', -- $1 is script, $2 is code
['unrecog_var'] = 'unrecognized variant: $1', -- $1 is variant
['unrecog_var_code'] = 'unrecognized variant: $1 for code: $2', -- $1 is variant, $2 is code
['unrecog_var_code_scr'] = 'unrecognized variant: $1 for code-script pair: $2-$3', -- $1 is variant, $2 is code, $3 is script
['unrecog_var_code_reg'] = 'unrecognized variant: $1 for code-region pair: $2-$3', -- $1 is variant, $2 is code, $3 is region
['unrecog_pri'] = 'unrecognized private tag: $1', -- $1 is private tag
}

--[[--------------------------< L A N G U A G E _ N A M E _ G E T _ T >----------------------------------------
]]

local language_name_get_t = {
['deprecated_cat'] = 'Lang and langx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|$1', -- $1 is deprecated ISO 639 subtag
['deprecated_msg'] = 'code: $1 is deprecated', -- $1 is deprecated ISO 639 subtag
}

--[[--------------------------< H T M L _ T I T L E _ T E X T _ T >--------------------------------------------
]]

local make_text_html_t = {
['zxx'] = 'text', -- for zxx no linguistic content
['collective'] = 'collective text', -- for collective languages
['individual'] = 'language text', -- for individual languages
}

--[[--------------------------< T R A N S L A T I O N _ M A K E _ T >------------------------------------------
]]

local translation_make_t = {
['lit_xlation'] = 'Literal translation', -- article title fragment and HTML title attribute
['lit_abbr'] = 'lit.',
}

--[[--------------------------< M A K E _ C A T E G O R Y _ T >------------------------------------------------
]]

local make_category_t = {
['collective_cat'] = 'Category:Articles with text in', -- for collective languages
['cat_prefix'] = 'Category:Articles containing', -- prefix for explicitly cited and individual languages
['explicit_cat'] = 'explicitly cited', -- for explicitly citing this wiki's language
['cat_postfix'] = 'language text', -- postfix for individual languages
}

--[[--------------------------< M A K E _ T R A N S L I T _ T >------------------------------------------------
]]

local make_translit_t = {
['script'] = 'script',
['transliteration'] = 'transliteration',
}

--[[--------------------------< E X P O R T S >----------------------------------------------------------------
]]

return {
known_params_t = known_params_t,
templates_t = templates_t,

default_engvar = default_engvar, -- engvar support not likely useful outside of en.wiki
engvar_t = engvar_t,
engvar_sel_t = engvar_sel_t,

get_ietf_parts_t = get_ietf_parts_t, -- messaging tables
keywords_t = keywords_t,
lang_t = lang_t,
lang_xx_t = lang_xx_t,
language_name_get_t = language_name_get_t,
make_category_t = make_category_t,
make_error_msg_t = make_error_msg_t,
make_text_html_t = make_text_html_t,
make_translit_t = make_translit_t,
misc_text_t = misc_text_t,
parameter_validate_t = parameter_validate_t,
tag_from_name_t = tag_from_name_t,
text_script_match_test_t = text_script_match_test_t,
transl_t = transl_t,
translation_make_t = translation_make_t,
validate_italic_t = validate_italic_t,
validate_text_t = validate_text_t,
}

Module:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts

2026-10-14T19:26:41Z

Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

-- File-Date: 2026-09-17
return {
["Arab"] = {"ar", "fa", "ps", "ur"},
["Armn"] = {"hy"},
["Beng"] = {"as", "bn"},
["Blis"] = {"zbl"},
["Cyrl"] = {"ab", "be", "bg", "kk", "mk", "ru", "uk"},
["Deva"] = {"hi", "mr", "ne", "kok", "mai"},
["Ethi"] = {"am", "ti"},
["Geor"] = {"ka"},
["Grek"] = {"el"},
["Gujr"] = {"gu"},
["Guru"] = {"pa"},
["Hebr"] = {"he", "iw", "yi"},
["Jpan"] = {"ja"},
["Khmr"] = {"km"},
["Knda"] = {"kn"},
["Kore"] = {"ko"},
["Laoo"] = {"lo"},
["Latn"] = {"af", "ay", "bs", "ca", "ch", "cs", "cy", "da", "de", "en", "eo",
"es", "et", "eu", "fi", "fj", "fo", "fr", "fy", "ga", "gl", "gn",
"gv", "hr", "ht", "hu", "id", "in", "is", "it", "kl", "la", "lb",
"ln", "lt", "lv", "mg", "mh", "mo", "ms", "mt", "na", "nb", "nd",
"nl", "nn", "no", "nr", "ny", "om", "pl", "pt", "qu", "rm", "rn",
"ro", "rw", "sg", "sk", "sl", "sm", "so", "sq", "ss", "st", "sv",
"sw", "tl", "tn", "to", "tr", "ts", "ve", "vi", "xh", "zu", "dsb",
"frr", "frs", "gsw", "hsb", "men", "nds", "niu", "nso", "tem", "tkl", "tmh",
"tpi", "tvl"},
["Mlym"] = {"ml"},
["Mymr"] = {"my"},
["Nkoo"] = {"nqo"},
["Orya"] = {"or"},
["Sinh"] = {"si"},
["Taml"] = {"ta"},
["Telu"] = {"te"},
["Thaa"] = {"dv"},
["Thai"] = {"th"},
["Tibt"] = {"dz"}
}

Module:Lang/data/iana variants

2026-10-14T19:26:40Z

Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

-- File-Date: 2026-09-17
return {
["1606nict"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Late Middle French (to 1606)"},
["prefixes"] = {"frm"},
},
["1694acad"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Early Modern French"},
["prefixes"] = {"fr"},
},
["1901"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Traditional German orthography"},
["prefixes"] = {"de"},
},
["1959acad"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"\"Academic\" (\"governmental\") variant of Belarusian as codified in 1959"},
["prefixes"] = {"be"},
},
["1994"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Standardized Resian orthography"},
["prefixes"] = {"sl-rozaj", "sl-rozaj-biske", "sl-rozaj-njiva", "sl-rozaj-osojs", "sl-rozaj-solba"},
},
["1996"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"German orthography of 1996"},
["prefixes"] = {"de"},
},
["abl1943"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Orthographic formulation of 1943 - Official in Brazil (Formulário Ortográfico de 1943 - Oficial no Brasil)"},
["prefixes"] = {"pt-br"},
},
["akhmimic"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Akhmimic dialect of Coptic"},
["prefixes"] = {"cop"},
},
["akuapem"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Akuapem Twi"},
["prefixes"] = {"tw"},
},
["alalc97"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"ALA-LC Romanization, 1997 edition"},
["prefixes"] = {},
},
["aluku"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Aluku dialect", "Boni dialect"},
["prefixes"] = {"djk"},
},
["anpezo"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Anpezo standard of Ladin"},
["prefixes"] = {"lld"},
},
["ao1990"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990 (Acordo Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa de 1990)"},
["prefixes"] = {"pt", "gl"},
},
["aranes"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Aranese"},
["prefixes"] = {"oc"},
},
["arkaika"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Arcaicam Esperantom", "Arkaika Esperanto"},
["prefixes"] = {"eo"},
},
["asante"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Asante Twi", "Ashanti Twi"},
["prefixes"] = {"tw"},
},
["auvern"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Auvergnat"},
["prefixes"] = {"oc"},
},
["baku1926"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Unified Turkic Latin Alphabet (Historical)"},
["prefixes"] = {"az", "ba", "crh", "kk", "krc", "ky", "sah", "tk", "tt", "uz"},
},
["balanka"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"The Balanka dialect of Anii"},
["prefixes"] = {"blo"},
},
["barla"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"The Barlavento dialect group of Kabuverdianu"},
["prefixes"] = {"kea"},
},
["basiceng"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Basic English"},
["prefixes"] = {"en"},
},
["bauddha"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit"},
["prefixes"] = {"sa"},
},
["bciav"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"BCI Blissymbolics AV"},
["prefixes"] = {"zbl"},
},
["bcizbl"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"BCI Blissymbolics"},
["prefixes"] = {"zbl"},
},
["biscayan"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Biscayan dialect of Basque"},
["prefixes"] = {"eu"},
},
["biske"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"The San Giorgio dialect of Resian", "The Bila dialect of Resian"},
["prefixes"] = {"sl-rozaj"},
},
["blasl"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Black American Sign Language dialect"},
["prefixes"] = {"ase", "sgn-ase"},
},
["bohairic"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Bohairic dialect of Coptic"},
["prefixes"] = {"cop"},
},
["bohoric"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Slovene in Bohorič alphabet"},
["prefixes"] = {"sl"},
},
["boont"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Boontling"},
["prefixes"] = {"en"},
},
["bornholm"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Bornholmsk"},
["prefixes"] = {"da"},
},
["cisaup"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Cisalpine"},
["prefixes"] = {"oc"},
},
["colb1945"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Portuguese-Brazilian Orthographic Convention of 1945 (Convenção Ortográfica Luso-Brasileira de 1945)"},
["prefixes"] = {"pt"},
},
["cornu"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Cornu-English", "Cornish English", "Anglo-Cornish"},
["prefixes"] = {"en"},
},
["creiss"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Occitan variants of the Croissant area"},
["prefixes"] = {"oc"},
},
["dajnko"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Slovene in Dajnko alphabet"},
["prefixes"] = {"sl"},
},
["ekavsk"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Serbian with Ekavian pronunciation"},
["prefixes"] = {"sr", "sr-latn", "sr-cyrl"},
},
["emodeng"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Early Modern English (1500-1700)"},
["prefixes"] = {"en"},
},
["fascia"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Fascia standard of Ladin"},
["prefixes"] = {"lld"},
},
["fayyumic"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Fayyumic dialect of Coptic"},
["prefixes"] = {"cop"},
},
["fodom"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Fodom standard of Ladin"},
["prefixes"] = {"lld"},
},
["fonipa"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"International Phonetic Alphabet"},
["prefixes"] = {},
},
["fonkirsh"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Kirshenbaum Phonetic Alphabet"},
["prefixes"] = {},
},
["fonnapa"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"North American Phonetic Alphabet", "Americanist Phonetic Notation"},
["prefixes"] = {},
},
["fonupa"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet"},
["prefixes"] = {},
},
["fonxsamp"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"X-SAMPA transcription"},
["prefixes"] = {},
},
["gallo"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Gallo"},
["prefixes"] = {"fr"},
},
["gascon"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Gascon"},
["prefixes"] = {"oc"},
},
["gherd"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Gherdëina standard of Ladin"},
["prefixes"] = {"lld"},
},
["grclass"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Classical Occitan orthography"},
["prefixes"] = {"oc", "oc-aranes", "oc-auvern", "oc-cisaup", "oc-creiss", "oc-gascon", "oc-lemosin", "oc-lengadoc", "oc-nicard", "oc-provenc", "oc-vivaraup"},
},
["grital"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Italian-inspired Occitan orthography"},
["prefixes"] = {"oc", "oc-cisaup", "oc-nicard", "oc-provenc"},
},
["grmistr"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Mistralian or Mistralian-inspired Occitan orthography"},
["prefixes"] = {"oc", "oc-aranes", "oc-auvern", "oc-cisaup", "oc-creiss", "oc-gascon", "oc-lemosin", "oc-lengadoc", "oc-nicard", "oc-provenc", "oc-vivaraup"},
},
["hanoi"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"The Hà Nội variant of Vietnamese"},
["prefixes"] = {"vi"},
},
["hepburn"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Hepburn romanization"},
["prefixes"] = {"ja-latn"},
},
["hognorsk"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Norwegian in Høgnorsk (High Norwegian) orthography"},
["prefixes"] = {"nn"},
},
["hsistemo"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Standard H-system orthographic fallback for spelling Esperanto"},
["prefixes"] = {"eo"},
},
["huett"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"The Huế (province Thừa Thiên) variant of Vietnamese"},
["prefixes"] = {"vi"},
},
["ijekavsk"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Serbian with Ijekavian pronunciation"},
["prefixes"] = {"sr", "sr-latn", "sr-cyrl"},
},
["itihasa"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Epic Sanskrit"},
["prefixes"] = {"sa"},
},
["ivanchov"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Bulgarian in 1899 orthography"},
["prefixes"] = {"bg"},
},
["jauer"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Jauer dialect of Romansh"},
["prefixes"] = {"rm"},
},
["jyutping"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Jyutping Cantonese Romanization"},
["prefixes"] = {"yue"},
},
["kkcor"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Common Cornish orthography of Revived Cornish"},
["prefixes"] = {"kw"},
},
["kleinsch"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Kleinschmidt orthography", "Allattaasitaamut"},
["prefixes"] = {"kl", "kl-tunumiit"},
},
["kociewie"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"The Kociewie dialect of Polish"},
["prefixes"] = {"pl"},
},
["kscor"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Standard Cornish orthography of Revived Cornish", "Kernowek Standard"},
["prefixes"] = {"kw"},
},
["leidentr"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Ancient Egyptian in Leiden Unified Transliteration"},
["prefixes"] = {"egy"},
},
["lemosin"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Limousin"},
["prefixes"] = {"oc"},
},
["lengadoc"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Languedocien"},
["prefixes"] = {"oc"},
},
["lipaw"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"The Lipovaz dialect of Resian", "The Lipovec dialect of Resian"},
["prefixes"] = {"sl-rozaj"},
},
["ltg1929"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"The Latgalian language orthography codified in 1929"},
["prefixes"] = {"ltg"},
},
["ltg2007"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"The Latgalian language orthography codified in the language law in 2007"},
["prefixes"] = {"ltg"},
},
["luna1918"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Post-1917 Russian orthography"},
["prefixes"] = {"ru"},
},
["lycopol"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Lycopolitan alias Subakhmimic dialect of Coptic"},
["prefixes"] = {"cop"},
},
["mdcegyp"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs encoded in Manuel de Codage"},
["prefixes"] = {"egy"},
},
["mdctrans"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Ancient Egyptian transliteration encoded in Manuel de Codage"},
["prefixes"] = {"egy"},
},
["mesokem"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Mesokemic alias Oxyrhynchite dialect of Coptic"},
["prefixes"] = {"cop"},
},
["metelko"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Slovene in Metelko alphabet"},
["prefixes"] = {"sl"},
},
["moderat"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"The moderate (conservative, i.e. Danish-like) spelling variant of Bokmål"},
["prefixes"] = {"nb"},
},
["monoton"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Monotonic Greek"},
["prefixes"] = {"el"},
},
["ndyuka"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Ndyuka dialect", "Aukan dialect"},
["prefixes"] = {"djk"},
},
["nedis"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Natisone dialect", "Nadiza dialect"},
["prefixes"] = {"sl"},
},
["newfound"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Newfoundland English"},
["prefixes"] = {"en-ca"},
},
["nicard"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Niçard"},
["prefixes"] = {"oc"},
},
["njiva"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"The Gniva dialect of Resian", "The Njiva dialect of Resian"},
["prefixes"] = {"sl-rozaj"},
},
["nulik"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Volapük nulik", "Volapük perevidöl", "Volapük nulädik", "de Jong's Volapük", "New Volapük", "Revised Volapük", "Modern Volapük"},
["prefixes"] = {"vo"},
},
["osojs"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"The Oseacco dialect of Resian", "The Osojane dialect of Resian"},
["prefixes"] = {"sl-rozaj"},
},
["oxendict"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Oxford English Dictionary spelling"},
["prefixes"] = {"en"},
},
["pahawh2"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Pahawh Hmong Second Stage Reduced orthography"},
["prefixes"] = {"mww", "hnj"},
},
["pahawh3"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Pahawh Hmong Third Stage Reduced orthography"},
["prefixes"] = {"mww", "hnj"},
},
["pahawh4"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Pahawh Hmong Final Version orthography"},
["prefixes"] = {"mww", "hnj"},
},
["pamaka"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Pamaka dialect"},
["prefixes"] = {"djk"},
},
["peano"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Latino Sine Flexione", "Interlingua de API", "Interlingua de Peano"},
["prefixes"] = {"la"},
},
["pehoeji"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Hokkien Vernacular Romanization System", "Pe̍h-ōe-jī orthography/romanization"},
["prefixes"] = {"nan-latn"},
},
["petr1708"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Petrine orthography"},
["prefixes"] = {"ru"},
},
["pinyin"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Pinyin romanization"},
["prefixes"] = {"zh-latn", "bo-latn"},
},
["polyton"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Polytonic Greek"},
["prefixes"] = {"el"},
},
["provenc"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Provençal"},
["prefixes"] = {"oc"},
},
["puter"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Puter idiom of Romansh"},
["prefixes"] = {"rm"},
},
["radikalt"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Radical (i.e. Nynorsk-like) spelling variant of Bokmål"},
["prefixes"] = {"nb"},
},
["rigik"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Volapük rigik", "Schleyer's Volapük", "Original Volapük", "Classic Volapük"},
["prefixes"] = {"vo"},
},
["rozaj"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Resian", "Resianic", "Rezijan"},
["prefixes"] = {"sl"},
},
["rumgr"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Rumantsch Grischun"},
["prefixes"] = {"rm"},
},
["sahidic"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Sahidic dialect of Coptic"},
["prefixes"] = {"cop"},
},
["saigon"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"The Sài Gòn variant of Vietnamese"},
["prefixes"] = {"vi"},
},
["scotland"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Scottish Standard English"},
["prefixes"] = {"en"},
},
["scouse"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Scouse"},
["prefixes"] = {"en"},
},
["simple"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Simplified form"},
["prefixes"] = {},
},
["slepe"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Sorbian dialect of Schleife"},
["prefixes"] = {"dsb"},
},
["solba"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"The Stolvizza dialect of Resian", "The Solbica dialect of Resian"},
["prefixes"] = {"sl-rozaj"},
},
["sotav"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"The Sotavento dialect group of Kabuverdianu"},
["prefixes"] = {"kea"},
},
["spanglis"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Spanglish"},
["prefixes"] = {"en", "es"},
},
["stadi"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"The \"Stadin slangi\" dialect of Finnish"},
["prefixes"] = {"fi"},
},
["surmiran"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Surmiran idiom of Romansh"},
["prefixes"] = {"rm"},
},
["sursilv"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Sursilvan idiom of Romansh"},
["prefixes"] = {"rm"},
},
["sutsilv"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Sutsilvan idiom of Romansh"},
["prefixes"] = {"rm"},
},
["synnejyl"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Synnejysk", "South Jutish"},
["prefixes"] = {"da"},
},
["taglish"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Tagalog-English code-switching"},
["prefixes"] = {"en", "tl", "fil"},
},
["tailo"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Taiwanese Hokkien Romanization System for Hokkien languages", "Tâi-lô orthography/romanization"},
["prefixes"] = {"nan-latn"},
},
["tarask"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Belarusian in Taraskievica orthography"},
["prefixes"] = {"be"},
},
["tongyong"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Tongyong Pinyin romanization"},
["prefixes"] = {"zh-latn"},
},
["tunumiit"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Tunumiisiut", "East Greenlandic", "Østgrønlandsk"},
["prefixes"] = {"kl"},
},
["uccor"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Unified Cornish orthography of Revived Cornish"},
["prefixes"] = {"kw"},
},
["ucrcor"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Unified Cornish Revised orthography of Revived Cornish"},
["prefixes"] = {"kw"},
},
["ulster"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Ulster dialect of Scots"},
["prefixes"] = {"sco"},
},
["unifon"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Unifon phonetic alphabet"},
["prefixes"] = {"en", "hup", "kyh", "tol", "yur"},
},
["valbadia"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Val Badia standard of Ladin"},
["prefixes"] = {"lld"},
},
["valencia"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Valencian"},
["prefixes"] = {"ca"},
},
["vallader"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Vallader idiom of Romansh"},
["prefixes"] = {"rm"},
},
["vecdruka"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Latvian orthography used before 1920s (\"vecā druka\")"},
["prefixes"] = {"lv"},
},
["viennese"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"The Viennese dialect of German"},
["prefixes"] = {"de"},
},
["vivaraup"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Vivaro-Alpine"},
["prefixes"] = {"oc"},
},
["wadegile"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Wade-Giles romanization"},
["prefixes"] = {"zh-latn"},
},
["xsistemo"] = {
["descriptions"] = {"Standard X-system orthographic fallback for spelling Esperanto"},
["prefixes"] = {"eo"},
}
}

Module:Lang/data/iana regions

2026-10-14T19:26:40Z

Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

-- File-Date: 2026-09-17
return {
["AC"] = {"Ascension Island"},
["AD"] = {"Andorra"},
["AE"] = {"United Arab Emirates"},
["AF"] = {"Afghanistan"},
["AG"] = {"Antigua and Barbuda"},
["AI"] = {"Anguilla"},
["AL"] = {"Albania"},
["AM"] = {"Armenia"},
["AO"] = {"Angola"},
["AQ"] = {"Antarctica"},
["AR"] = {"Argentina"},
["AS"] = {"American Samoa"},
["AT"] = {"Austria"},
["AU"] = {"Australia"},
["AW"] = {"Aruba"},
["AX"] = {"Åland Islands"},
["AZ"] = {"Azerbaijan"},
["BA"] = {"Bosnia and Herzegovina"},
["BB"] = {"Barbados"},
["BD"] = {"Bangladesh"},
["BE"] = {"Belgium"},
["BF"] = {"Burkina Faso"},
["BG"] = {"Bulgaria"},
["BH"] = {"Bahrain"},
["BI"] = {"Burundi"},
["BJ"] = {"Benin"},
["BL"] = {"Saint Barthélemy"},
["BM"] = {"Bermuda"},
["BN"] = {"Brunei Darussalam"},
["BO"] = {"Bolivia"},
["BQ"] = {"Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba"},
["BR"] = {"Brazil"},
["BS"] = {"Bahamas"},
["BT"] = {"Bhutan"},
["BV"] = {"Bouvet Island"},
["BW"] = {"Botswana"},
["BY"] = {"Belarus"},
["BZ"] = {"Belize"},
["CA"] = {"Canada"},
["CC"] = {"Cocos (Keeling) Islands"},
["CD"] = {"The Democratic Republic of the Congo"},
["CF"] = {"Central African Republic"},
["CG"] = {"Congo"},
["CH"] = {"Switzerland"},
["CI"] = {"Côte d'Ivoire"},
["CK"] = {"Cook Islands"},
["CL"] = {"Chile"},
["CM"] = {"Cameroon"},
["CN"] = {"China"},
["CO"] = {"Colombia"},
["CP"] = {"Clipperton Island"},
["CQ"] = {"Sark"},
["CR"] = {"Costa Rica"},
["CU"] = {"Cuba"},
["CV"] = {"Cabo Verde", "Cape Verde"},
["CW"] = {"Curaçao"},
["CX"] = {"Christmas Island"},
["CY"] = {"Cyprus"},
["CZ"] = {"Czechia", "Czech Republic"},
["DE"] = {"Germany"},
["DG"] = {"Diego Garcia"},
["DJ"] = {"Djibouti"},
["DK"] = {"Denmark"},
["DM"] = {"Dominica"},
["DO"] = {"Dominican Republic"},
["DZ"] = {"Algeria"},
["EA"] = {"Ceuta, Melilla"},
["EC"] = {"Ecuador"},
["EE"] = {"Estonia"},
["EG"] = {"Egypt"},
["EH"] = {"Western Sahara"},
["ER"] = {"Eritrea"},
["ES"] = {"Spain"},
["ET"] = {"Ethiopia"},
["EU"] = {"European Union"},
["EZ"] = {"Eurozone"},
["FI"] = {"Finland"},
["FJ"] = {"Fiji"},
["FK"] = {"Falkland Islands (Malvinas)"},
["FM"] = {"Federated States of Micronesia"},
["FO"] = {"Faroe Islands"},
["FR"] = {"France"},
["GA"] = {"Gabon"},
["GB"] = {"United Kingdom"},
["GD"] = {"Grenada"},
["GE"] = {"Georgia"},
["GF"] = {"French Guiana"},
["GG"] = {"Guernsey"},
["GH"] = {"Ghana"},
["GI"] = {"Gibraltar"},
["GL"] = {"Greenland"},
["GM"] = {"Gambia"},
["GN"] = {"Guinea"},
["GP"] = {"Guadeloupe"},
["GQ"] = {"Equatorial Guinea"},
["GR"] = {"Greece"},
["GS"] = {"South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands"},
["GT"] = {"Guatemala"},
["GU"] = {"Guam"},
["GW"] = {"Guinea-Bissau"},
["GY"] = {"Guyana"},
["HK"] = {"Hong Kong"},
["HM"] = {"Heard Island and McDonald Islands"},
["HN"] = {"Honduras"},
["HR"] = {"Croatia"},
["HT"] = {"Haiti"},
["HU"] = {"Hungary"},
["IC"] = {"Canary Islands"},
["ID"] = {"Indonesia"},
["IE"] = {"Ireland"},
["IL"] = {"Israel"},
["IM"] = {"Isle of Man"},
["IN"] = {"India"},
["IO"] = {"British Indian Ocean Territory"},
["IQ"] = {"Iraq"},
["IR"] = {"Islamic Republic of Iran"},
["IS"] = {"Iceland"},
["IT"] = {"Italy"},
["JE"] = {"Jersey"},
["JM"] = {"Jamaica"},
["JO"] = {"Jordan"},
["JP"] = {"Japan"},
["KE"] = {"Kenya"},
["KG"] = {"Kyrgyzstan"},
["KH"] = {"Cambodia"},
["KI"] = {"Kiribati"},
["KM"] = {"Comoros"},
["KN"] = {"Saint Kitts and Nevis"},
["KP"] = {"Democratic People's Republic of Korea"},
["KR"] = {"Republic of Korea"},
["KW"] = {"Kuwait"},
["KY"] = {"Cayman Islands"},
["KZ"] = {"Kazakhstan"},
["LA"] = {"Lao People's Democratic Republic"},
["LB"] = {"Lebanon"},
["LC"] = {"Saint Lucia"},
["LI"] = {"Liechtenstein"},
["LK"] = {"Sri Lanka"},
["LR"] = {"Liberia"},
["LS"] = {"Lesotho"},
["LT"] = {"Lithuania"},
["LU"] = {"Luxembourg"},
["LV"] = {"Latvia"},
["LY"] = {"Libya"},
["MA"] = {"Morocco"},
["MC"] = {"Monaco"},
["MD"] = {"Moldova"},
["ME"] = {"Montenegro"},
["MF"] = {"Saint Martin (French part)"},
["MG"] = {"Madagascar"},
["MH"] = {"Marshall Islands"},
["MK"] = {"North Macedonia"},
["ML"] = {"Mali"},
["MM"] = {"Myanmar"},
["MN"] = {"Mongolia"},
["MO"] = {"Macao"},
["MP"] = {"Northern Mariana Islands"},
["MQ"] = {"Martinique"},
["MR"] = {"Mauritania"},
["MS"] = {"Montserrat"},
["MT"] = {"Malta"},
["MU"] = {"Mauritius"},
["MV"] = {"Maldives"},
["MW"] = {"Malawi"},
["MX"] = {"Mexico"},
["MY"] = {"Malaysia"},
["MZ"] = {"Mozambique"},
["NA"] = {"Namibia"},
["NC"] = {"New Caledonia"},
["NE"] = {"Niger"},
["NF"] = {"Norfolk Island"},
["NG"] = {"Nigeria"},
["NI"] = {"Nicaragua"},
["NL"] = {"Netherlands"},
["NO"] = {"Norway"},
["NP"] = {"Nepal"},
["NR"] = {"Naoero", "Nauru"},
["NU"] = {"Niue"},
["NZ"] = {"New Zealand"},
["OM"] = {"Oman"},
["PA"] = {"Panama"},
["PE"] = {"Peru"},
["PF"] = {"French Polynesia"},
["PG"] = {"Papua New Guinea"},
["PH"] = {"Philippines"},
["PK"] = {"Pakistan"},
["PL"] = {"Poland"},
["PM"] = {"Saint Pierre and Miquelon"},
["PN"] = {"Pitcairn"},
["PR"] = {"Puerto Rico"},
["PS"] = {"State of Palestine"},
["PT"] = {"Portugal"},
["PW"] = {"Palau"},
["PY"] = {"Paraguay"},
["QA"] = {"Qatar"},
["RE"] = {"Réunion"},
["RO"] = {"Romania"},
["RS"] = {"Serbia"},
["RU"] = {"Russian Federation"},
["RW"] = {"Rwanda"},
["SA"] = {"Saudi Arabia"},
["SB"] = {"Solomon Islands"},
["SC"] = {"Seychelles"},
["SD"] = {"Sudan"},
["SE"] = {"Sweden"},
["SG"] = {"Singapore"},
["SH"] = {"Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha"},
["SI"] = {"Slovenia"},
["SJ"] = {"Svalbard and Jan Mayen"},
["SK"] = {"Slovakia"},
["SL"] = {"Sierra Leone"},
["SM"] = {"San Marino"},
["SN"] = {"Senegal"},
["SO"] = {"Somalia"},
["SR"] = {"Suriname"},
["SS"] = {"South Sudan"},
["ST"] = {"Sao Tome and Principe"},
["SV"] = {"El Salvador"},
["SX"] = {"Sint Maarten (Dutch part)"},
["SY"] = {"Syrian Arab Republic"},
["SZ"] = {"Eswatini", "eSwatini", "Swaziland"},
["TA"] = {"Tristan da Cunha"},
["TC"] = {"Turks and Caicos Islands"},
["TD"] = {"Chad"},
["TF"] = {"French Southern Territories"},
["TG"] = {"Togo"},
["TH"] = {"Thailand"},
["TJ"] = {"Tajikistan"},
["TK"] = {"Tokelau"},
["TL"] = {"Timor-Leste"},
["TM"] = {"Turkmenistan"},
["TN"] = {"Tunisia"},
["TO"] = {"Tonga"},
["TR"] = {"Türkiye", "Turkey"},
["TT"] = {"Trinidad and Tobago"},
["TV"] = {"Tuvalu"},
["TW"] = {"Taiwan, Province of China"},
["TZ"] = {"United Republic of Tanzania"},
["UA"] = {"Ukraine"},
["UG"] = {"Uganda"},
["UM"] = {"United States Minor Outlying Islands"},
["UN"] = {"United Nations"},
["US"] = {"United States"},
["UY"] = {"Uruguay"},
["UZ"] = {"Uzbekistan"},
["VA"] = {"Holy See (Vatican City State)"},
["VC"] = {"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"},
["VE"] = {"Venezuela"},
["VG"] = {"British Virgin Islands"},
["VI"] = {"U.S. Virgin Islands"},
["VN"] = {"Viet Nam"},
["VU"] = {"Vanuatu"},
["WF"] = {"Wallis and Futuna"},
["WS"] = {"Samoa"},
["YE"] = {"Yemen"},
["YT"] = {"Mayotte"},
["ZA"] = {"South Africa"},
["ZM"] = {"Zambia"},
["ZW"] = {"Zimbabwe"},
["001"] = {"World"},
["002"] = {"Africa"},
["003"] = {"North America"},
["005"] = {"South America"},
["009"] = {"Oceania"},
["011"] = {"Western Africa"},
["013"] = {"Central America"},
["014"] = {"Eastern Africa"},
["015"] = {"Northern Africa"},
["017"] = {"Middle Africa"},
["018"] = {"Southern Africa"},
["019"] = {"Americas"},
["021"] = {"Northern America"},
["029"] = {"Caribbean"},
["030"] = {"Eastern Asia"},
["034"] = {"Southern Asia"},
["035"] = {"South-Eastern Asia"},
["039"] = {"Southern Europe"},
["053"] = {"Australia and New Zealand"},
["054"] = {"Melanesia"},
["057"] = {"Micronesia"},
["061"] = {"Polynesia"},
["142"] = {"Asia"},
["143"] = {"Central Asia"},
["145"] = {"Western Asia"},
["150"] = {"Europe"},
["151"] = {"Eastern Europe"},
["154"] = {"Northern Europe"},
["155"] = {"Western Europe"},
["202"] = {"Sub-Saharan Africa"},
["419"] = {"Latin America and the Caribbean"}
}

Module:Lang/data/iana scripts

2026-10-14T19:26:40Z

Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

-- File-Date: 2026-09-17
return {
["Adlm"] = {"Adlam"},
["Afak"] = {"Afaka"},
["Aghb"] = {"Caucasian Albanian"},
["Ahom"] = {"Ahom", "Tai Ahom"},
["Arab"] = {"Arabic"},
["Aran"] = {"Arabic (Nastaliq variant)"},
["Armi"] = {"Imperial Aramaic"},
["Armn"] = {"Armenian"},
["Avst"] = {"Avestan"},
["Bali"] = {"Balinese"},
["Bamu"] = {"Bamum"},
["Bass"] = {"Bassa Vah"},
["Batk"] = {"Batak"},
["Beng"] = {"Bengali", "Bangla"},
["Berf"] = {"Beria Erfe"},
["Bhks"] = {"Bhaiksuki"},
["Blis"] = {"Blissymbols"},
["Bopo"] = {"Bopomofo"},
["Brah"] = {"Brahmi"},
["Brai"] = {"Braille"},
["Bugi"] = {"Buginese"},
["Buhd"] = {"Buhid"},
["Cakm"] = {"Chakma"},
["Cans"] = {"Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics"},
["Cari"] = {"Carian"},
["Cham"] = {"Cham"},
["Cher"] = {"Cherokee"},
["Chis"] = {"Chisoi"},
["Chrs"] = {"Chorasmian"},
["Cirt"] = {"Cirth"},
["Copt"] = {"Coptic"},
["Cpmn"] = {"Cypro-Minoan"},
["Cprt"] = {"Cypriot syllabary"},
["Cyrl"] = {"Cyrillic"},
["Cyrs"] = {"Cyrillic (Old Church Slavonic variant)"},
["Deva"] = {"Devanagari", "Nagari"},
["Diak"] = {"Dives Akuru"},
["Dogr"] = {"Dogra"},
["Dsrt"] = {"Deseret", "Mormon"},
["Dupl"] = {"Duployan shorthand", "Duployan stenography"},
["Egyd"] = {"Egyptian demotic"},
["Egyh"] = {"Egyptian hieratic"},
["Egyp"] = {"Egyptian hieroglyphs"},
["Elba"] = {"Elbasan"},
["Elym"] = {"Elymaic"},
["Ethi"] = {"Ethiopic", "Geʻez", "Ge'ez"},
["Gara"] = {"Garay"},
["Geok"] = {"Khutsuri (Asomtavruli and Nuskhuri)"},
["Geor"] = {"Georgian (Mkhedruli and Mtavruli)"},
["Glag"] = {"Glagolitic"},
["Gong"] = {"Gunjala Gondi"},
["Gonm"] = {"Masaram Gondi"},
["Goth"] = {"Gothic"},
["Gran"] = {"Grantha"},
["Grek"] = {"Greek"},
["Gujr"] = {"Gujarati"},
["Gukh"] = {"Gurung Khema"},
["Guru"] = {"Gurmukhi"},
["Hanb"] = {"Han with Bopomofo (alias for Han + Bopomofo)"},
["Hang"] = {"Hangul", "Hangŭl", "Hangeul"},
["Hani"] = {"Han", "Hanzi", "Kanji", "Hanja"},
["Hano"] = {"Hanunoo", "Hanunóo"},
["Hans"] = {"Han (Simplified variant)"},
["Hant"] = {"Han (Traditional variant)"},
["Hatr"] = {"Hatran"},
["Hebr"] = {"Hebrew"},
["Hira"] = {"Hiragana"},
["Hluw"] = {"Anatolian Hieroglyphs", "Luwian Hieroglyphs", "Hittite Hieroglyphs"},
["Hmng"] = {"Pahawh Hmong"},
["Hmnp"] = {"Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong"},
["Hntl"] = {"Han (Traditional variant) with Latin (alias for Hant + Latn)"},
["Hrkt"] = {"Japanese syllabaries (alias for Hiragana + Katakana)"},
["Hung"] = {"Old Hungarian", "Hungarian Runic"},
["Inds"] = {"Indus", "Harappan"},
["Ital"] = {"Old Italic (Etruscan, Oscan, etc.)"},
["Jamo"] = {"Jamo (alias for Jamo subset of Hangul)"},
["Java"] = {"Javanese"},
["Jpan"] = {"Japanese (alias for Han + Hiragana + Katakana)"},
["Jurc"] = {"Jurchen"},
["Kali"] = {"Kayah Li"},
["Kana"] = {"Katakana"},
["Kawi"] = {"Kawi"},
["Khar"] = {"Kharoshthi"},
["Khmr"] = {"Khmer"},
["Khoj"] = {"Khojki"},
["Kitl"] = {"Khitan large script"},
["Kits"] = {"Khitan small script"},
["Knda"] = {"Kannada"},
["Kore"] = {"Korean (alias for Hangul + Han)"},
["Kpel"] = {"Kpelle"},
["Krai"] = {"Kirat Rai"},
["Kthi"] = {"Kaithi"},
["Lana"] = {"Tai Tham", "Lanna"},
["Laoo"] = {"Lao"},
["Latf"] = {"Latin (Fraktur variant)"},
["Latg"] = {"Latin (Gaelic variant)"},
["Latn"] = {"Latin"},
["Leke"] = {"Leke"},
["Lepc"] = {"Lepcha", "Róng"},
["Limb"] = {"Limbu"},
["Lina"] = {"Linear A"},
["Linb"] = {"Linear B"},
["Lisu"] = {"Lisu", "Fraser"},
["Loma"] = {"Loma"},
["Lyci"] = {"Lycian"},
["Lydi"] = {"Lydian"},
["Mahj"] = {"Mahajani"},
["Maka"] = {"Makasar"},
["Mand"] = {"Mandaic", "Mandaean"},
["Mani"] = {"Manichaean"},
["Marc"] = {"Marchen"},
["Maya"] = {"Mayan hieroglyphs"},
["Medf"] = {"Medefaidrin", "Oberi Okaime", "Oberi Ɔkaimɛ"},
["Mend"] = {"Mende Kikakui"},
["Merc"] = {"Meroitic Cursive"},
["Mero"] = {"Meroitic Hieroglyphs"},
["Mlym"] = {"Malayalam"},
["Modi"] = {"Modi", "Moḍī"},
["Mong"] = {"Mongolian"},
["Moon"] = {"Moon", "Moon code", "Moon script", "Moon type"},
["Mroo"] = {"Mro", "Mru"},
["Mtei"] = {"Meitei Mayek", "Meithei", "Meetei"},
["Mult"] = {"Multani"},
["Mymr"] = {"Myanmar", "Burmese"},
["Nagm"] = {"Nag Mundari"},
["Nand"] = {"Nandinagari"},
["Narb"] = {"Old North Arabian", "Ancient North Arabian"},
["Nbat"] = {"Nabataean"},
["Newa"] = {"Newa", "Newar", "Newari", "Nepāla lipi"},
["Nkdb"] = {"Naxi Dongba", "na²¹ɕi³³ to³³ba²¹", "Nakhi Tomba"},
["Nkgb"] = {"Naxi Geba", "na²¹ɕi³³ gʌ²¹ba²¹", "'Na-'Khi ²Ggŏ-¹baw", "Nakhi Geba"},
["Nkoo"] = {"N’Ko", "N'Ko"},
["Nshu"] = {"Nüshu"},
["Ogam"] = {"Ogham"},
["Olck"] = {"Ol Chiki", "Ol Cemet'", "Ol", "Santali"},
["Onao"] = {"Ol Onal"},
["Orkh"] = {"Old Turkic", "Orkhon Runic"},
["Orya"] = {"Oriya", "Odia"},
["Osge"] = {"Osage"},
["Osma"] = {"Osmanya"},
["Ougr"] = {"Old Uyghur"},
["Palm"] = {"Palmyrene"},
["Pauc"] = {"Pau Cin Hau"},
["Pcun"] = {"Proto-Cuneiform"},
["Pelm"] = {"Proto-Elamite"},
["Perm"] = {"Old Permic"},
["Phag"] = {"Phags-pa"},
["Phli"] = {"Inscriptional Pahlavi"},
["Phlp"] = {"Psalter Pahlavi"},
["Phlv"] = {"Book Pahlavi"},
["Phnx"] = {"Phoenician"},
["Piqd"] = {"Klingon (KLI pIqaD)"},
["Plrd"] = {"Miao", "Pollard"},
["Prti"] = {"Inscriptional Parthian"},
["Psin"] = {"Proto-Sinaitic"},
["Ranj"] = {"Ranjana"},
["Rjng"] = {"Rejang", "Redjang", "Kaganga"},
["Rohg"] = {"Hanifi Rohingya"},
["Roro"] = {"Rongorongo"},
["Runr"] = {"Runic"},
["Samr"] = {"Samaritan"},
["Sara"] = {"Sarati"},
["Sarb"] = {"Old South Arabian"},
["Saur"] = {"Saurashtra"},
["Seal"] = {"Seal", "Small Seal"},
["Sgnw"] = {"SignWriting"},
["Shaw"] = {"Shavian", "Shaw"},
["Shrd"] = {"Sharada", "Śāradā"},
["Shui"] = {"Shuishu"},
["Sidd"] = {"Siddham", "Siddhaṃ", "Siddhamātṛkā"},
["Sidt"] = {"Sidetic"},
["Sind"] = {"Khudawadi", "Sindhi"},
["Sinh"] = {"Sinhala"},
["Sogd"] = {"Sogdian"},
["Sogo"] = {"Old Sogdian"},
["Sora"] = {"Sora Sompeng"},
["Soyo"] = {"Soyombo"},
["Sund"] = {"Sundanese"},
["Sunu"] = {"Sunuwar"},
["Sylo"] = {"Syloti Nagri"},
["Syrc"] = {"Syriac"},
["Syre"] = {"Syriac (Estrangelo variant)"},
["Syrj"] = {"Syriac (Western variant)"},
["Syrn"] = {"Syriac (Eastern variant)"},
["Tagb"] = {"Tagbanwa"},
["Takr"] = {"Takri", "Ṭākrī", "Ṭāṅkrī"},
["Tale"] = {"Tai Le"},
["Talu"] = {"New Tai Lue"},
["Taml"] = {"Tamil"},
["Tang"] = {"Tangut"},
["Tavt"] = {"Tai Viet"},
["Tayo"] = {"Tai Yo"},
["Telu"] = {"Telugu"},
["Teng"] = {"Tengwar"},
["Tfng"] = {"Tifinagh", "Berber"},
["Tglg"] = {"Tagalog", "Baybayin", "Alibata"},
["Thaa"] = {"Thaana"},
["Thai"] = {"Thai"},
["Tibt"] = {"Tibetan"},
["Tirh"] = {"Tirhuta"},
["Tnsa"] = {"Tangsa"},
["Todr"] = {"Todhri"},
["Tols"] = {"Tolong Siki"},
["Toto"] = {"Toto"},
["Tutg"] = {"Tulu-Tigalari"},
["Ugar"] = {"Ugaritic"},
["Vaii"] = {"Vai"},
["Visp"] = {"Visible Speech"},
["Vith"] = {"Vithkuqi"},
["Wara"] = {"Warang Citi", "Varang Kshiti"},
["Wcho"] = {"Wancho"},
["Wole"] = {"Woleai"},
["Xpeo"] = {"Old Persian"},
["Xsux"] = {"Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform"},
["Yezi"] = {"Yezidi"},
["Yiii"] = {"Yi"},
["Zanb"] = {"Zanabazar Square", "Zanabazarin Dörböljin Useg", "Xewtee Dörböljin Bicig", "Horizontal Square Script"},
["Zinh"] = {"Code for inherited script"},
["Zmth"] = {"Mathematical notation"},
["Zsye"] = {"Symbols (Emoji variant)"},
["Zsym"] = {"Symbols"},
["Zxxx"] = {"Code for unwritten documents"},
["Zyyy"] = {"Code for undetermined script"},
["Zzzz"] = {"Code for uncoded script"}
}

Module:Lang/data/iana languages

2026-10-14T19:26:39Z

Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

-- File-Date: 2026-09-17
local active = {
["aa"] = {"Afar"},
["ab"] = {"Abkhazian"},
["ae"] = {"Avestan"},
["af"] = {"Afrikaans"},
["ak"] = {"Akan"},
["am"] = {"Amharic"},
["an"] = {"Aragonese"},
["ar"] = {"Arabic"},
["as"] = {"Assamese"},
["av"] = {"Avaric"},
["ay"] = {"Aymara"},
["az"] = {"Azerbaijani"},
["ba"] = {"Bashkir"},
["be"] = {"Belarusian"},
["bg"] = {"Bulgarian"},
["bi"] = {"Bislama"},
["bm"] = {"Bambara"},
["bn"] = {"Bengali", "Bangla"},
["bo"] = {"Tibetan"},
["br"] = {"Breton"},
["bs"] = {"Bosnian"},
["ca"] = {"Catalan", "Valencian"},
["ce"] = {"Chechen"},
["ch"] = {"Chamorro"},
["co"] = {"Corsican"},
["cr"] = {"Cree"},
["cs"] = {"Czech"},
["cu"] = {"Church Slavic", "Church Slavonic", "Old Bulgarian", "Old Church Slavonic", "Old Slavonic"},
["cv"] = {"Chuvash"},
["cy"] = {"Welsh"},
["da"] = {"Danish"},
["de"] = {"German"},
["dv"] = {"Dhivehi", "Divehi", "Maldivian"},
["dz"] = {"Dzongkha"},
["ee"] = {"Ewe"},
["el"] = {"Modern Greek (1453-)"},
["en"] = {"English"},
["eo"] = {"Esperanto"},
["es"] = {"Spanish", "Castilian"},
["et"] = {"Estonian"},
["eu"] = {"Basque"},
["fa"] = {"Persian"},
["ff"] = {"Fulah"},
["fi"] = {"Finnish"},
["fj"] = {"Fijian"},
["fo"] = {"Faroese"},
["fr"] = {"French"},
["fy"] = {"Western Frisian"},
["ga"] = {"Irish"},
["gd"] = {"Scottish Gaelic", "Gaelic"},
["gl"] = {"Galician"},
["gn"] = {"Guarani"},
["gu"] = {"Gujarati"},
["gv"] = {"Manx"},
["ha"] = {"Hausa"},
["he"] = {"Hebrew"},
["hi"] = {"Hindi"},
["ho"] = {"Hiri Motu"},
["hr"] = {"Croatian"},
["ht"] = {"Haitian", "Haitian Creole"},
["hu"] = {"Hungarian"},
["hy"] = {"Armenian"},
["hz"] = {"Herero"},
["ia"] = {"Interlingua (IALA)", "Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)"},
["id"] = {"Indonesian"},
["ie"] = {"Interlingue", "Occidental"},
["ig"] = {"Igbo"},
["ii"] = {"Sichuan Yi", "Nuosu"},
["ik"] = {"Inupiaq"},
["io"] = {"Ido"},
["is"] = {"Icelandic"},
["it"] = {"Italian"},
["iu"] = {"Inuktitut"},
["ja"] = {"Japanese"},
["jv"] = {"Javanese"},
["ka"] = {"Georgian"},
["kg"] = {"Kongo"},
["ki"] = {"Kikuyu", "Gikuyu"},
["kj"] = {"Kuanyama", "Kwanyama"},
["kk"] = {"Kazakh"},
["kl"] = {"Kalaallisut", "Greenlandic"},
["km"] = {"Khmer", "Central Khmer"},
["kn"] = {"Kannada"},
["ko"] = {"Korean"},
["kr"] = {"Kanuri"},
["ks"] = {"Kashmiri"},
["ku"] = {"Kurdish"},
["kv"] = {"Komi"},
["kw"] = {"Cornish"},
["ky"] = {"Kirghiz", "Kyrgyz"},
["la"] = {"Latin"},
["lb"] = {"Luxembourgish", "Letzeburgesch"},
["lg"] = {"Ganda", "Luganda"},
["li"] = {"Limburgan", "Limburger", "Limburgish"},
["ln"] = {"Lingala"},
["lo"] = {"Lao"},
["lt"] = {"Lithuanian"},
["lu"] = {"Luba-Katanga"},
["lv"] = {"Latvian"},
["mg"] = {"Malagasy"},
["mh"] = {"Marshallese"},
["mi"] = {"Maori"},
["mk"] = {"Macedonian"},
["ml"] = {"Malayalam"},
["mn"] = {"Mongolian"},
["mr"] = {"Marathi"},
["ms"] = {"Malay (macrolanguage)"},
["mt"] = {"Maltese"},
["my"] = {"Burmese"},
["na"] = {"Nauru"},
["nb"] = {"Norwegian Bokmål"},
["nd"] = {"North Ndebele"},
["ne"] = {"Nepali (macrolanguage)"},
["ng"] = {"Ndonga"},
["nl"] = {"Dutch", "Flemish"},
["nn"] = {"Norwegian Nynorsk"},
["no"] = {"Norwegian"},
["nr"] = {"South Ndebele"},
["nv"] = {"Navajo", "Navaho"},
["ny"] = {"Chichewa", "Chewa", "Nyanja"},
["oc"] = {"Occitan (post 1500)"},
["oj"] = {"Ojibwa"},
["om"] = {"Oromo"},
["or"] = {"Oriya (macrolanguage)", "Odia (macrolanguage)"},
["os"] = {"Iron Ossetic", "Iron", "Iron Ossetian", "Ossetian", "Ossetic"},
["pa"] = {"Panjabi", "Punjabi"},
["pi"] = {"Pali"},
["pl"] = {"Polish"},
["ps"] = {"Pushto", "Pashto"},
["pt"] = {"Portuguese"},
["qu"] = {"Quechua"},
["rm"] = {"Romansh"},
["rn"] = {"Rundi"},
["ro"] = {"Romanian", "Moldavian", "Moldovan"},
["ru"] = {"Russian"},
["rw"] = {"Kinyarwanda"},
["sa"] = {"Sanskrit"},
["sc"] = {"Sardinian"},
["sd"] = {"Sindhi"},
["se"] = {"Northern Sami"},
["sg"] = {"Sango"},
["sh"] = {"Serbo-Croatian"},
["si"] = {"Sinhala", "Sinhalese"},
["sk"] = {"Slovak"},
["sl"] = {"Slovenian"},
["sm"] = {"Samoan"},
["sn"] = {"Shona"},
["so"] = {"Somali"},
["sq"] = {"Albanian"},
["sr"] = {"Serbian"},
["ss"] = {"Swati"},
["st"] = {"Southern Sotho"},
["su"] = {"Sundanese"},
["sv"] = {"Swedish"},
["sw"] = {"Swahili (macrolanguage)"},
["ta"] = {"Tamil"},
["te"] = {"Telugu"},
["tg"] = {"Tajik"},
["th"] = {"Thai"},
["ti"] = {"Tigrinya"},
["tk"] = {"Turkmen"},
["tl"] = {"Tagalog"},
["tn"] = {"Tswana"},
["to"] = {"Tonga (Tonga Islands)"},
["tr"] = {"Turkish"},
["ts"] = {"Tsonga"},
["tt"] = {"Tatar"},
["tw"] = {"Twi"},
["ty"] = {"Tahitian"},
["ug"] = {"Uighur", "Uyghur"},
["uk"] = {"Ukrainian"},
["ur"] = {"Urdu"},
["uz"] = {"Uzbek"},
["ve"] = {"Venda"},
["vi"] = {"Vietnamese"},
["vo"] = {"Volapük"},
["wa"] = {"Walloon"},
["wo"] = {"Wolof"},
["xh"] = {"Xhosa"},
["yi"] = {"Yiddish"},
["yo"] = {"Yoruba"},
["za"] = {"Zhuang", "Chuang"},
["zh"] = {"Chinese"},
["zu"] = {"Zulu"},
["aaa"] = {"Ghotuo"},
["aab"] = {"Alumu-Tesu"},
["aac"] = {"Ari"},
["aad"] = {"Amal"},
["aae"] = {"Arbëreshë Albanian"},
["aaf"] = {"Aranadan"},
["aag"] = {"Ambrak"},
["aah"] = {"Abu' Arapesh"},
["aai"] = {"Arifama-Miniafia"},
["aak"] = {"Ankave"},
["aal"] = {"Afade"},
["aan"] = {"Anambé"},
["aao"] = {"Algerian Saharan Arabic"},
["aap"] = {"Pará Arára"},
["aaq"] = {"Eastern Abnaki"},
["aas"] = {"Aasáx"},
["aat"] = {"Arvanitika Albanian"},
["aau"] = {"Abau"},
["aav"] = {"Austro-Asiatic languages"},
["aaw"] = {"Solong"},
["aax"] = {"Mandobo Atas"},
["aaz"] = {"Amarasi"},
["aba"] = {"Abé"},
["abb"] = {"Bankon"},
["abc"] = {"Ambala Ayta"},
["abd"] = {"Manide"},
["abe"] = {"Western Abnaki"},
["abf"] = {"Abai Sungai"},
["abg"] = {"Abaga"},
["abh"] = {"Tajiki Arabic"},
["abi"] = {"Abidji"},
["abj"] = {"Aka-Bea"},
["abl"] = {"Lampung Nyo"},
["abm"] = {"Abanyom"},
["abn"] = {"Abua"},
["abo"] = {"Abon"},
["abp"] = {"Abellen Ayta"},
["abq"] = {"Abaza"},
["abr"] = {"Abron"},
["abs"] = {"Ambonese Malay"},
["abt"] = {"Ambulas"},
["abu"] = {"Abure"},
["abv"] = {"Baharna Arabic"},
["abw"] = {"Pal"},
["abx"] = {"Inabaknon"},
["aby"] = {"Aneme Wake"},
["abz"] = {"Abui"},
["aca"] = {"Achagua"},
["acb"] = {"Áncá"},
["acd"] = {"Gikyode"},
["ace"] = {"Achinese"},
["acf"] = {"Saint Lucian Creole French"},
["ach"] = {"Acoli"},
["aci"] = {"Aka-Cari"},
["ack"] = {"Aka-Kora"},
["acl"] = {"Akar-Bale"},
["acm"] = {"Mesopotamian Arabic"},
["acn"] = {"Achang"},
["acp"] = {"Eastern Acipa"},
["acq"] = {"Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic"},
["acr"] = {"Achi"},
["acs"] = {"Acroá"},
["act"] = {"Achterhoeks"},
["acu"] = {"Achuar-Shiwiar"},
["acv"] = {"Achumawi"},
["acw"] = {"Hijazi Arabic"},
["acx"] = {"Omani Arabic"},
["acy"] = {"Cypriot Arabic"},
["acz"] = {"Acheron"},
["ada"] = {"Adangme"},
["adb"] = {"Atauran"},
["add"] = {"Lidzonka", "Dzodinka"},
["ade"] = {"Adele"},
["adf"] = {"Dhofari Arabic"},
["adg"] = {"Andegerebinha"},
["adh"] = {"Adhola"},
["adi"] = {"Adi"},
["adj"] = {"Adioukrou"},
["adl"] = {"Galo"},
["adn"] = {"Adang"},
["ado"] = {"Abu"},
["adq"] = {"Adangbe"},
["adr"] = {"Adonara"},
["ads"] = {"Adamorobe Sign Language"},
["adt"] = {"Adnyamathanha"},
["adu"] = {"Aduge"},
["adw"] = {"Amundava"},
["adx"] = {"Amdo Tibetan"},
["ady"] = {"Adyghe", "Adygei"},
["adz"] = {"Adzera"},
["aea"] = {"Areba"},
["aeb"] = {"Tunisian Arabic"},
["aec"] = {"Saidi Arabic"},
["aed"] = {"Argentine Sign Language"},
["aee"] = {"Northeast Pashai", "Northeast Pashayi"},
["aek"] = {"Haeke"},
["ael"] = {"Ambele"},
["aem"] = {"Arem"},
["aen"] = {"Armenian Sign Language"},
["aeq"] = {"Aer"},
["aer"] = {"Eastern Arrernte"},
["aes"] = {"Alsea"},
["aeu"] = {"Akeu"},
["aew"] = {"Ambakich"},
["aey"] = {"Amele"},
["aez"] = {"Aeka"},
["afa"] = {"Afro-Asiatic languages"},
["afb"] = {"Gulf Arabic"},
["afd"] = {"Andai"},
["afe"] = {"Putukwam"},
["afg"] = {"Afghan Sign Language"},
["afh"] = {"Afrihili"},
["afi"] = {"Akrukay", "Chini"},
["afk"] = {"Nanubae"},
["afn"] = {"Defaka"},
["afo"] = {"Eloyi"},
["afp"] = {"Tapei"},
["afs"] = {"Afro-Seminole Creole"},
["aft"] = {"Afitti"},
["afu"] = {"Awutu"},
["afz"] = {"Obokuitai"},
["aga"] = {"Aguano"},
["agb"] = {"Legbo"},
["agc"] = {"Agatu"},
["agd"] = {"Agarabi"},
["age"] = {"Angal"},
["agf"] = {"Arguni"},
["agg"] = {"Angor"},
["agh"] = {"Ngelima"},
["agi"] = {"Agariya"},
["agj"] = {"Argobba"},
["agk"] = {"Isarog Agta"},
["agl"] = {"Fembe"},
["agm"] = {"Angaataha"},
["agn"] = {"Agutaynen"},
["ago"] = {"Tainae"},
["agq"] = {"Aghem"},
["agr"] = {"Aguaruna"},
["ags"] = {"Esimbi"},
["agt"] = {"Central Cagayan Agta"},
["agu"] = {"Aguacateco"},
["agv"] = {"Remontado Dumagat"},
["agw"] = {"Kahua"},
["agx"] = {"Aghul"},
["agy"] = {"Southern Alta"},
["agz"] = {"Mt. Iriga Agta"},
["aha"] = {"Ahanta"},
["ahb"] = {"Axamb"},
["ahg"] = {"Qimant"},
["ahh"] = {"Aghu"},
["ahi"] = {"Tiagbamrin Aizi"},
["ahk"] = {"Akha"},
["ahl"] = {"Igo"},
["ahm"] = {"Mobumrin Aizi"},
["ahn"] = {"Àhàn"},
["aho"] = {"Ahom"},
["ahp"] = {"Aproumu Aizi"},
["ahr"] = {"Ahirani"},
["ahs"] = {"Ashe"},
["aht"] = {"Ahtena"},
["aia"] = {"Arosi"},
["aib"] = {"Ainu (China)"},
["aic"] = {"Ainbai"},
["aid"] = {"Alngith"},
["aie"] = {"Amara"},
["aif"] = {"Agi"},
["aig"] = {"Antigua and Barbuda Creole English"},
["aih"] = {"Ai-Cham"},
["aii"] = {"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic"},
["aij"] = {"Lishanid Noshan"},
["aik"] = {"Ake"},
["ail"] = {"Aimele"},
["aim"] = {"Aimol"},
["ain"] = {"Ainu (Japan)"},
["aio"] = {"Aiton"},
["aip"] = {"Burumakok"},
["aiq"] = {"Aimaq"},
["air"] = {"Airoran"},
["ait"] = {"Arikem"},
["aiw"] = {"Aari"},
["aix"] = {"Aighon"},
["aiy"] = {"Ali"},
["aja"] = {"Aja (South Sudan)"},
["ajg"] = {"Aja (Benin)"},
["aji"] = {"Ajië"},
["ajn"] = {"Andajin"},
["ajs"] = {"Algerian Jewish Sign Language"},
["aju"] = {"Judeo-Moroccan Arabic"},
["ajw"] = {"Ajawa"},
["ajz"] = {"Amri Karbi"},
["akb"] = {"Batak Angkola"},
["akc"] = {"Mpur"},
["akd"] = {"Ukpet-Ehom"},
["ake"] = {"Akawaio"},
["akf"] = {"Akpa"},
["akg"] = {"Anakalangu"},
["akh"] = {"Angal Heneng"},
["aki"] = {"Aiome"},
["akj"] = {"Aka-Jeru"},
["akk"] = {"Akkadian"},
["akl"] = {"Aklanon"},
["akm"] = {"Aka-Bo"},
["ako"] = {"Akurio"},
["akp"] = {"Siwu"},
["akq"] = {"Ak"},
["akr"] = {"Araki"},
["aks"] = {"Akaselem"},
["akt"] = {"Akolet"},
["aku"] = {"Akum"},
["akv"] = {"Akhvakh"},
["akw"] = {"Akwa"},
["akx"] = {"Aka-Kede"},
["aky"] = {"Aka-Kol"},
["akz"] = {"Alabama"},
["ala"] = {"Alago"},
["alc"] = {"Qawasqar"},
["ald"] = {"Alladian"},
["ale"] = {"Aleut"},
["alf"] = {"Alege"},
["alg"] = {"Algonquian languages"},
["alh"] = {"Alawa"},
["ali"] = {"Amaimon"},
["alj"] = {"Alangan"},
["alk"] = {"Alak"},
["all"] = {"Allar"},
["alm"] = {"Amblong"},
["aln"] = {"Gheg Albanian"},
["alo"] = {"Larike-Wakasihu"},
["alp"] = {"Alune"},
["alq"] = {"Algonquin"},
["alr"] = {"Alutor"},
["als"] = {"Tosk Albanian"},
["alt"] = {"Southern Altai"},
["alu"] = {"'Are'are"},
["alv"] = {"Atlantic-Congo languages"},
["alw"] = {"Alaba-K’abeena", "Wanbasana"},
["alx"] = {"Amol"},
["aly"] = {"Alyawarr"},
["alz"] = {"Alur"},
["ama"] = {"Amanayé"},
["amb"] = {"Ambo"},
["amc"] = {"Amahuaca"},
["ame"] = {"Yanesha'"},
["amf"] = {"Hamer-Banna"},
["amg"] = {"Amurdak"},
["ami"] = {"Amis"},
["amj"] = {"Amdang"},
["amk"] = {"Ambai"},
["aml"] = {"War-Jaintia"},
["amm"] = {"Ama (Papua New Guinea)"},
["amn"] = {"Amanab"},
["amo"] = {"Amo"},
["amp"] = {"Alamblak"},
["amq"] = {"Amahai"},
["amr"] = {"Amarakaeri"},
["ams"] = {"Southern Amami-Oshima"},
["amt"] = {"Amto"},
["amu"] = {"Guerrero Amuzgo"},
["amv"] = {"Ambelau"},
["amw"] = {"Western Neo-Aramaic"},
["amx"] = {"Anmatyerre"},
["amy"] = {"Ami"},
["amz"] = {"Atampaya"},
["ana"] = {"Andaqui"},
["anb"] = {"Andoa"},
["anc"] = {"Ngas"},
["and"] = {"Ansus"},
["ane"] = {"Xârâcùù"},
["anf"] = {"Animere"},
["ang"] = {"Old English (ca. 450-1100)"},
["anh"] = {"Nend"},
["ani"] = {"Andi"},
["anj"] = {"Anor"},
["ank"] = {"Goemai"},
["anl"] = {"Anu-Hkongso Chin"},
["anm"] = {"Anal"},
["ann"] = {"Obolo"},
["ano"] = {"Andoque"},
["anp"] = {"Angika"},
["anq"] = {"Jarawa (India)"},
["anr"] = {"Andh"},
["ans"] = {"Anserma"},
["ant"] = {"Antakarinya", "Antikarinya"},
["anu"] = {"Anuak"},
["anv"] = {"Denya"},
["anw"] = {"Anaang"},
["anx"] = {"Andra-Hus"},
["any"] = {"Anyin"},
["anz"] = {"Anem"},
["aoa"] = {"Angolar"},
["aob"] = {"Abom"},
["aoc"] = {"Pemon"},
["aod"] = {"Andarum"},
["aoe"] = {"Angal Enen"},
["aof"] = {"Bragat"},
["aog"] = {"Angoram"},
["aoi"] = {"Anindilyakwa"},
["aoj"] = {"Mufian"},
["aok"] = {"Arhö"},
["aol"] = {"Alor"},
["aom"] = {"Ömie"},
["aon"] = {"Bumbita Arapesh"},
["aor"] = {"Aore"},
["aos"] = {"Taikat"},
["aot"] = {"Atong (India)", "A'tong"},
["aou"] = {"A'ou"},
["aox"] = {"Atorada"},
["aoz"] = {"Uab Meto"},
["apa"] = {"Apache languages"},
["apb"] = {"Sa'a"},
["apc"] = {"Levantine Arabic"},
["apd"] = {"Sudanese Arabic"},
["ape"] = {"Bukiyip"},
["apf"] = {"Pahanan Agta"},
["apg"] = {"Ampanang"},
["aph"] = {"Athpariya"},
["api"] = {"Apiaká"},
["apj"] = {"Jicarilla Apache"},
["apk"] = {"Kiowa Apache"},
["apl"] = {"Lipan Apache"},
["apm"] = {"Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache"},
["apn"] = {"Apinayé"},
["apo"] = {"Ambul"},
["app"] = {"Apma"},
["apq"] = {"A-Pucikwar"},
["apr"] = {"Arop-Lokep"},
["aps"] = {"Arop-Sissano"},
["apt"] = {"Apatani"},
["apu"] = {"Apurinã"},
["apv"] = {"Alapmunte"},
["apw"] = {"Western Apache"},
["apx"] = {"Aputai"},
["apy"] = {"Apalaí"},
["apz"] = {"Safeyoka"},
["aqa"] = {"Alacalufan languages"},
["aqc"] = {"Archi"},
["aqd"] = {"Ampari Dogon"},
["aqg"] = {"Arigidi"},
["aqk"] = {"Aninka"},
["aql"] = {"Algic languages"},
["aqm"] = {"Atohwaim"},
["aqn"] = {"Northern Alta"},
["aqp"] = {"Atakapa"},
["aqr"] = {"Arhâ"},
["aqt"] = {"Angaité"},
["aqz"] = {"Akuntsu"},
["arb"] = {"Standard Arabic"},
["arc"] = {"Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE)", "Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)"},
["ard"] = {"Arabana"},
["are"] = {"Western Arrarnta"},
["arh"] = {"Arhuaco"},
["ari"] = {"Arikara"},
["arj"] = {"Arapaso"},
["ark"] = {"Arikapú"},
["arl"] = {"Arabela"},
["arn"] = {"Mapudungun", "Mapuche"},
["aro"] = {"Araona"},
["arp"] = {"Arapaho"},
["arq"] = {"Algerian Arabic"},
["arr"] = {"Karo (Brazil)"},
["ars"] = {"Najdi Arabic"},
["art"] = {"Artificial languages"},
["aru"] = {"Aruá (Amazonas State)", "Arawá"},
["arv"] = {"Arbore"},
["arw"] = {"Arawak"},
["arx"] = {"Aruá (Rodonia State)"},
["ary"] = {"Moroccan Arabic"},
["arz"] = {"Egyptian Arabic"},
["asa"] = {"Asu (Tanzania)"},
["asb"] = {"Assiniboine", "Nakoda Assiniboine"},
["asc"] = {"Casuarina Coast Asmat"},
["ase"] = {"American Sign Language"},
["asf"] = {"Auslan", "Australian Sign Language"},
["asg"] = {"Cishingini"},
["ash"] = {"Abishira"},
["asi"] = {"Buruwai"},
["asj"] = {"Sari"},
["ask"] = {"Ashkun"},
["asl"] = {"Asilulu"},
["asn"] = {"Xingú Asuriní"},
["aso"] = {"Dano"},
["asp"] = {"Algerian Sign Language"},
["asq"] = {"Austrian Sign Language"},
["asr"] = {"Asuri"},
["ass"] = {"Ipulo"},
["ast"] = {"Asturian", "Asturleonese", "Bable", "Leonese"},
["asu"] = {"Tocantins Asurini"},
["asv"] = {"Asoa"},
["asw"] = {"Australian Aborigines Sign Language"},
["asx"] = {"Muratayak"},
["asy"] = {"Yaosakor Asmat"},
["asz"] = {"As"},
["ata"] = {"Pele-Ata"},
["atb"] = {"Zaiwa"},
["atc"] = {"Atsahuaca"},
["atd"] = {"Ata Manobo"},
["ate"] = {"Atemble"},
["atg"] = {"Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe"},
["ath"] = {"Athapascan languages"},
["ati"] = {"Attié"},
["atj"] = {"Atikamekw", "Nehirowimowin"},
["atk"] = {"Ati"},
["atl"] = {"Mt. Iraya Agta"},
["atm"] = {"Ata"},
["atn"] = {"Ashtiani"},
["ato"] = {"Atong (Cameroon)"},
["atp"] = {"Pudtol Atta"},
["atq"] = {"Aralle-Tabulahan"},
["atr"] = {"Waimiri-Atroari"},
["ats"] = {"Gros Ventre"},
["att"] = {"Pamplona Atta"},
["atu"] = {"Reel"},
["atv"] = {"Northern Altai"},
["atw"] = {"Atsugewi"},
["atx"] = {"Arutani"},
["aty"] = {"Aneityum"},
["atz"] = {"Arta"},
["aua"] = {"Asumboa"},
["aub"] = {"Alugu"},
["auc"] = {"Waorani"},
["aud"] = {"Anuta"},
["auf"] = {"Arauan languages"},
["aug"] = {"Aguna"},
["auh"] = {"Aushi"},
["aui"] = {"Anuki"},
["auj"] = {"Awjilah"},
["auk"] = {"Heyo"},
["aul"] = {"Aulua"},
["aum"] = {"Asu (Nigeria)"},
["aun"] = {"Molmo One"},
["auo"] = {"Auyokawa"},
["aup"] = {"Makayam"},
["auq"] = {"Anus", "Korur"},
["aur"] = {"Aruek"},
["aus"] = {"Australian languages"},
["aut"] = {"Austral"},
["auu"] = {"Auye"},
["auw"] = {"Awyi"},
["aux"] = {"Aurá"},
["auy"] = {"Awiyaana"},
["auz"] = {"Uzbeki Arabic"},
["avb"] = {"Avau"},
["avd"] = {"Alviri-Vidari"},
["avi"] = {"Avikam"},
["avk"] = {"Kotava"},
["avl"] = {"Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic"},
["avm"] = {"Angkamuthi"},
["avn"] = {"Avatime"},
["avo"] = {"Agavotaguerra"},
["avs"] = {"Aushiri"},
["avt"] = {"Au"},
["avu"] = {"Avokaya"},
["avv"] = {"Avá-Canoeiro"},
["awa"] = {"Awadhi"},
["awb"] = {"Awa (Papua New Guinea)"},
["awc"] = {"Cicipu"},
["awd"] = {"Arawakan languages"},
["awe"] = {"Awetí"},
["awg"] = {"Anguthimri"},
["awh"] = {"Awbono"},
["awi"] = {"Aekyom"},
["awk"] = {"Awabakal"},
["awm"] = {"Arawum"},
["awn"] = {"Awngi"},
["awo"] = {"Awak"},
["awr"] = {"Awera"},
["aws"] = {"South Awyu"},
["awt"] = {"Araweté"},
["awu"] = {"Central Awyu"},
["awv"] = {"Jair Awyu"},
["aww"] = {"Awun"},
["awx"] = {"Awara"},
["awy"] = {"Edera Awyu"},
["axb"] = {"Abipon"},
["axe"] = {"Ayerrerenge"},
["axg"] = {"Mato Grosso Arára"},
["axk"] = {"Yaka (Central African Republic)"},
["axl"] = {"Lower Southern Aranda"},
["axm"] = {"Middle Armenian"},
["axx"] = {"Xârâgurè"},
["aya"] = {"Awar"},
["ayb"] = {"Ayizo Gbe"},
["ayc"] = {"Southern Aymara"},
["ayd"] = {"Ayabadhu"},
["aye"] = {"Ayere"},
["ayg"] = {"Ginyanga"},
["ayh"] = {"Hadrami Arabic"},
["ayi"] = {"Leyigha"},
["ayk"] = {"Akuku"},
["ayl"] = {"Libyan Arabic"},
["ayn"] = {"Sanaani Arabic"},
["ayo"] = {"Ayoreo"},
["ayp"] = {"North Mesopotamian Arabic"},
["ayq"] = {"Ayi (Papua New Guinea)"},
["ayr"] = {"Central Aymara"},
["ays"] = {"Sorsogon Ayta"},
["ayt"] = {"Magbukun Ayta"},
["ayu"] = {"Ayu"},
["ayz"] = {"Mai Brat"},
["aza"] = {"Azha"},
["azb"] = {"South Azerbaijani"},
["azc"] = {"Uto-Aztecan languages"},
["azd"] = {"Eastern Durango Nahuatl"},
["azg"] = {"San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo"},
["azj"] = {"North Azerbaijani"},
["azm"] = {"Ipalapa Amuzgo"},
["azn"] = {"Western Durango Nahuatl"},
["azo"] = {"Awing"},
["azt"] = {"Faire Atta"},
["azz"] = {"Highland Puebla Nahuatl"},
["baa"] = {"Babatana"},
["bab"] = {"Bainouk-Gunyuño"},
["bac"] = {"Badui"},
["bad"] = {"Banda languages"},
["bae"] = {"Baré"},
["baf"] = {"Nubaca"},
["bag"] = {"Tuki"},
["bah"] = {"Bahamas Creole English"},
["bai"] = {"Bamileke languages"},
["baj"] = {"Barakai"},
["bal"] = {"Baluchi"},
["ban"] = {"Balinese"},
["bao"] = {"Waimaha"},
["bap"] = {"Bantawa"},
["bar"] = {"Bavarian"},
["bas"] = {"Basa (Cameroon)"},
["bat"] = {"Baltic languages"},
["bau"] = {"Bada (Nigeria)"},
["bav"] = {"Vengo"},
["baw"] = {"Bambili-Bambui"},
["bax"] = {"Bamun"},
["bay"] = {"Batuley"},
["bba"] = {"Baatonum"},
["bbb"] = {"Barai"},
["bbc"] = {"Batak Toba"},
["bbd"] = {"Bau"},
["bbe"] = {"Bangba"},
["bbf"] = {"Baibai"},
["bbg"] = {"Barama"},
["bbh"] = {"Bugan"},
["bbi"] = {"Barombi"},
["bbj"] = {"Ghomálá'"},
["bbk"] = {"Babanki"},
["bbl"] = {"Bats"},
["bbm"] = {"Babango"},
["bbn"] = {"Uneapa"},
["bbo"] = {"Northern Bobo Madaré", "Konabéré"},
["bbp"] = {"West Central Banda"},
["bbq"] = {"Bamali"},
["bbr"] = {"Girawa"},
["bbs"] = {"Bakpinka"},
["bbt"] = {"Mburku"},
["bbu"] = {"Kulung (Nigeria)"},
["bbv"] = {"Karnai"},
["bbw"] = {"Baba"},
["bbx"] = {"Bubia"},
["bby"] = {"Befang"},
["bca"] = {"Central Bai"},
["bcb"] = {"Bainouk-Samik"},
["bcc"] = {"Southern Balochi"},
["bcd"] = {"North Babar"},
["bce"] = {"Bamenyam"},
["bcf"] = {"Bamu"},
["bcg"] = {"Baga Pokur"},
["bch"] = {"Bariai"},
["bci"] = {"Baoulé"},
["bcj"] = {"Bardi"},
["bck"] = {"Bunuba"},
["bcl"] = {"Central Bikol"},
["bcm"] = {"Bannoni"},
["bcn"] = {"Bali (Nigeria)"},
["bco"] = {"Kaluli"},
["bcp"] = {"Bali (Democratic Republic of Congo)"},
["bcq"] = {"Bench"},
["bcr"] = {"Babine"},
["bcs"] = {"Kohumono"},
["bct"] = {"Bendi"},
["bcu"] = {"Awad Bing"},
["bcv"] = {"Shoo-Minda-Nye"},
["bcw"] = {"Bana"},
["bcy"] = {"Bacama"},
["bcz"] = {"Bainouk-Gunyaamolo"},
["bda"] = {"Bayot"},
["bdb"] = {"Basap"},
["bdc"] = {"Emberá-Baudó"},
["bdd"] = {"Bunama"},
["bde"] = {"Bade"},
["bdf"] = {"Biage"},
["bdg"] = {"Bonggi"},
["bdh"] = {"Baka (South Sudan)"},
["bdi"] = {"Burun"},
["bdj"] = {"Bai (South Sudan)", "Bai"},
["bdk"] = {"Budukh"},
["bdl"] = {"Indonesian Bajau"},
["bdm"] = {"Buduma"},
["bdn"] = {"Baldemu"},
["bdo"] = {"Morom"},
["bdp"] = {"Bende"},
["bdq"] = {"Bahnar"},
["bdr"] = {"West Coast Bajau"},
["bds"] = {"Burunge"},
["bdt"] = {"Bokoto"},
["bdu"] = {"Oroko"},
["bdv"] = {"Bodo Parja"},
["bdw"] = {"Baham"},
["bdx"] = {"Budong-Budong"},
["bdy"] = {"Bandjalang"},
["bdz"] = {"Badeshi"},
["bea"] = {"Beaver"},
["beb"] = {"Bebele"},
["bec"] = {"Iceve-Maci"},
["bed"] = {"Bedoanas"},
["bee"] = {"Byangsi"},
["bef"] = {"Benabena"},
["beg"] = {"Belait"},
["beh"] = {"Biali"},
["bei"] = {"Bekati'"},
["bej"] = {"Beja", "Bedawiyet"},
["bek"] = {"Bebeli"},
["bem"] = {"Bemba (Zambia)"},
["beo"] = {"Beami"},
["bep"] = {"Besoa"},
["beq"] = {"Beembe"},
["ber"] = {"Berber languages"},
["bes"] = {"Besme"},
["bet"] = {"Guiberoua Béte"},
["beu"] = {"Blagar"},
["bev"] = {"Daloa Bété"},
["bew"] = {"Betawi"},
["bex"] = {"Jur Modo"},
["bey"] = {"Beli (Papua New Guinea)"},
["bez"] = {"Bena (Tanzania)"},
["bfa"] = {"Bari"},
["bfb"] = {"Pauri Bareli"},
["bfc"] = {"Panyi Bai", "Northern Bai"},
["bfd"] = {"Bafut"},
["bfe"] = {"Betaf", "Tena"},
["bff"] = {"Bofi"},
["bfg"] = {"Busang Kayan"},
["bfh"] = {"Blafe"},
["bfi"] = {"British Sign Language"},
["bfj"] = {"Bafanji"},
["bfk"] = {"Ban Khor Sign Language"},
["bfl"] = {"Banda-Ndélé"},
["bfm"] = {"Mmen"},
["bfn"] = {"Bunak"},
["bfo"] = {"Malba Birifor"},
["bfp"] = {"Beba"},
["bfq"] = {"Badaga"},
["bfr"] = {"Bazigar"},
["bfs"] = {"Southern Bai"},
["bft"] = {"Balti"},
["bfu"] = {"Gahri"},
["bfw"] = {"Bondo"},
["bfx"] = {"Bantayanon"},
["bfy"] = {"Bagheli"},
["bfz"] = {"Mahasu Pahari"},
["bga"] = {"Gwamhi-Wuri"},
["bgb"] = {"Bobongko"},
["bgc"] = {"Haryanvi"},
["bgd"] = {"Rathwi Bareli"},
["bge"] = {"Bauria"},
["bgf"] = {"Bangandu"},
["bgg"] = {"Bugun"},
["bgi"] = {"Giangan"},
["bgj"] = {"Bangolan"},
["bgk"] = {"Bit", "Buxinhua"},
["bgl"] = {"Bo (Laos)"},
["bgn"] = {"Western Balochi"},
["bgo"] = {"Baga Koga"},
["bgp"] = {"Eastern Balochi"},
["bgq"] = {"Bagri"},
["bgr"] = {"Bawm Chin"},
["bgs"] = {"Tagabawa"},
["bgt"] = {"Bughotu"},
["bgu"] = {"Mbongno"},
["bgv"] = {"Warkay-Bipim"},
["bgw"] = {"Bhatri"},
["bgx"] = {"Balkan Gagauz Turkish"},
["bgy"] = {"Benggoi"},
["bgz"] = {"Banggai"},
["bha"] = {"Bharia"},
["bhb"] = {"Bhili"},
["bhc"] = {"Biga"},
["bhd"] = {"Bhadrawahi"},
["bhe"] = {"Bhaya"},
["bhf"] = {"Odiai"},
["bhg"] = {"Binandere"},
["bhh"] = {"Bukharic"},
["bhi"] = {"Bhilali"},
["bhj"] = {"Bahing"},
["bhl"] = {"Bimin"},
["bhm"] = {"Bathari"},
["bhn"] = {"Bohtan Neo-Aramaic"},
["bho"] = {"Bhojpuri"},
["bhp"] = {"Bima"},
["bhq"] = {"Tukang Besi South"},
["bhr"] = {"Bara Malagasy"},
["bhs"] = {"Buwal"},
["bht"] = {"Bhattiyali"},
["bhu"] = {"Bhunjia"},
["bhv"] = {"Bahau"},
["bhw"] = {"Biak"},
["bhx"] = {"Bhalay"},
["bhy"] = {"Bhele"},
["bhz"] = {"Bada (Indonesia)"},
["bia"] = {"Badimaya"},
["bib"] = {"Bissa", "Bisa"},
["bid"] = {"Bidiyo"},
["bie"] = {"Bepour"},
["bif"] = {"Biafada"},
["big"] = {"Biangai"},
["bih"] = {"Bihari languages"},
["bik"] = {"Bikol"},
["bil"] = {"Bile"},
["bim"] = {"Bimoba"},
["bin"] = {"Bini", "Edo"},
["bio"] = {"Nai"},
["bip"] = {"Bila"},
["biq"] = {"Bipi"},
["bir"] = {"Bisorio"},
["bit"] = {"Berinomo"},
["biu"] = {"Biete"},
["biv"] = {"Southern Birifor"},
["biw"] = {"Kol (Cameroon)"},
["bix"] = {"Bijori"},
["biy"] = {"Birhor"},
["biz"] = {"Baloi"},
["bja"] = {"Budza"},
["bjb"] = {"Banggarla"},
["bjc"] = {"Bariji"},
["bje"] = {"Biao-Jiao Mien"},
["bjf"] = {"Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic"},
["bjg"] = {"Bidyogo"},
["bjh"] = {"Bahinemo"},
["bji"] = {"Burji"},
["bjj"] = {"Kanauji"},
["bjk"] = {"Barok"},
["bjl"] = {"Bulu (Papua New Guinea)"},
["bjm"] = {"Bajelani"},
["bjn"] = {"Banjar"},
["bjo"] = {"Mid-Southern Banda"},
["bjp"] = {"Fanamaket"},
["bjr"] = {"Binumarien"},
["bjs"] = {"Bajan"},
["bjt"] = {"Balanta-Ganja"},
["bju"] = {"Busuu"},
["bjv"] = {"Bedjond"},
["bjw"] = {"Bakwé"},
["bjx"] = {"Banao Itneg"},
["bjy"] = {"Bayali"},
["bjz"] = {"Baruga"},
["bka"] = {"Kyak"},
["bkc"] = {"Baka (Cameroon)"},
["bkd"] = {"Binukid", "Talaandig"},
["bkf"] = {"Beeke"},
["bkg"] = {"Buraka"},
["bkh"] = {"Bakoko"},
["bki"] = {"Baki"},
["bkj"] = {"Pande"},
["bkk"] = {"Brokskat"},
["bkl"] = {"Berik"},
["bkm"] = {"Kom (Cameroon)"},
["bkn"] = {"Bukitan"},
["bko"] = {"Kwa'"},
["bkp"] = {"Boko (Democratic Republic of Congo)"},
["bkq"] = {"Bakairí"},
["bkr"] = {"Bakumpai"},
["bks"] = {"Northern Sorsoganon"},
["bkt"] = {"Boloki"},
["bku"] = {"Buhid"},
["bkv"] = {"Bekwarra"},
["bkw"] = {"Bekwel"},
["bkx"] = {"Baikeno"},
["bky"] = {"Bokyi"},
["bkz"] = {"Bungku"},
["bla"] = {"Siksika"},
["blb"] = {"Bilua"},
["blc"] = {"Bella Coola"},
["bld"] = {"Bolango"},
["ble"] = {"Balanta-Kentohe"},
["blf"] = {"Buol"},
["blh"] = {"Kuwaa"},
["bli"] = {"Bolia"},
["blj"] = {"Bolongan"},
["blk"] = {"Pa'o Karen", "Pa'O"},
["bll"] = {"Biloxi"},
["blm"] = {"Beli (South Sudan)"},
["bln"] = {"Southern Catanduanes Bikol"},
["blo"] = {"Anii"},
["blp"] = {"Blablanga"},
["blq"] = {"Baluan-Pam"},
["blr"] = {"Blang"},
["bls"] = {"Balaesang"},
["blt"] = {"Tai Dam"},
["blv"] = {"Kibala", "Bolo"},
["blw"] = {"Balangao"},
["blx"] = {"Mag-Indi Ayta"},
["bly"] = {"Notre"},
["blz"] = {"Balantak"},
["bma"] = {"Lame"},
["bmb"] = {"Bembe"},
["bmc"] = {"Biem"},
["bmd"] = {"Baga Manduri"},
["bme"] = {"Limassa"},
["bmf"] = {"Bom-Kim"},
["bmg"] = {"Bamwe"},
["bmh"] = {"Kein"},
["bmi"] = {"Bagirmi"},
["bmj"] = {"Bote-Majhi"},
["bmk"] = {"Ghayavi"},
["bml"] = {"Bomboli"},
["bmm"] = {"Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"},
["bmn"] = {"Bina (Papua New Guinea)"},
["bmo"] = {"Bambalang"},
["bmp"] = {"Bulgebi"},
["bmq"] = {"Bomu"},
["bmr"] = {"Muinane"},
["bms"] = {"Bilma Kanuri"},
["bmt"] = {"Biao Mon"},
["bmu"] = {"Somba-Siawari"},
["bmv"] = {"Bum"},
["bmw"] = {"Bomwali"},
["bmx"] = {"Baimak"},
["bmz"] = {"Baramu"},
["bna"] = {"Bonerate"},
["bnb"] = {"Bookan"},
["bnc"] = {"Bontok"},
["bnd"] = {"Banda (Indonesia)"},
["bne"] = {"Bintauna"},
["bnf"] = {"Masiwang"},
["bng"] = {"Benga"},
["bni"] = {"Bangi"},
["bnj"] = {"Eastern Tawbuid"},
["bnk"] = {"Bierebo"},
["bnl"] = {"Boon"},
["bnm"] = {"Batanga"},
["bnn"] = {"Bunun"},
["bno"] = {"Bantoanon"},
["bnp"] = {"Bola"},
["bnq"] = {"Bantik"},
["bnr"] = {"Butmas-Tur"},
["bns"] = {"Bundeli"},
["bnt"] = {"Bantu languages"},
["bnu"] = {"Bentong"},
["bnv"] = {"Bonerif", "Beneraf", "Edwas"},
["bnw"] = {"Bisis"},
["bnx"] = {"Bangubangu"},
["bny"] = {"Bintulu"},
["bnz"] = {"Beezen"},
["boa"] = {"Bora"},
["bob"] = {"Aweer"},
["boe"] = {"Mundabli-Mufu"},
["bof"] = {"Bolon"},
["bog"] = {"Bamako Sign Language"},
["boh"] = {"Boma"},
["boi"] = {"Barbareño"},
["boj"] = {"Anjam"},
["bok"] = {"Bonjo"},
["bol"] = {"Bole"},
["bom"] = {"Berom"},
["bon"] = {"Bine"},
["boo"] = {"Tiemacèwè Bozo"},
["bop"] = {"Bonkiman"},
["boq"] = {"Bogaya"},
["bor"] = {"Borôro"},
["bot"] = {"Bongo"},
["bou"] = {"Bondei"},
["bov"] = {"Tuwuli"},
["bow"] = {"Rema"},
["box"] = {"Buamu"},
["boy"] = {"Bodo (Central African Republic)"},
["boz"] = {"Tiéyaxo Bozo"},
["bpa"] = {"Daakaka"},
["bpc"] = {"Mbuk"},
["bpd"] = {"Banda-Banda"},
["bpe"] = {"Bauni"},
["bpg"] = {"Bonggo"},
["bph"] = {"Botlikh"},
["bpi"] = {"Bagupi"},
["bpj"] = {"Binji"},
["bpk"] = {"Orowe", "'Ôrôê"},
["bpl"] = {"Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin"},
["bpm"] = {"Biyom"},
["bpn"] = {"Dzao Min"},
["bpo"] = {"Anasi"},
["bpp"] = {"Kaure"},
["bpq"] = {"Banda Malay"},
["bpr"] = {"Koronadal Blaan"},
["bps"] = {"Sarangani Blaan"},
["bpt"] = {"Barrow Point"},
["bpu"] = {"Bongu"},
["bpv"] = {"Bian Marind"},
["bpw"] = {"Bo (Papua New Guinea)"},
["bpx"] = {"Palya Bareli"},
["bpy"] = {"Bishnupriya"},
["bpz"] = {"Bilba"},
["bqa"] = {"Tchumbuli"},
["bqb"] = {"Bagusa"},
["bqc"] = {"Boko (Benin)", "Boo"},
["bqd"] = {"Bung"},
["bqf"] = {"Baga Kaloum"},
["bqg"] = {"Bago-Kusuntu"},
["bqh"] = {"Baima"},
["bqi"] = {"Bakhtiari"},
["bqj"] = {"Bandial"},
["bqk"] = {"Banda-Mbrès"},
["bql"] = {"Karian", "Bilakura"},
["bqm"] = {"Wumboko"},
["bqn"] = {"Bulgarian Sign Language"},
["bqo"] = {"Balo"},
["bqp"] = {"Busa"},
["bqq"] = {"Biritai"},
["bqr"] = {"Burusu"},
["bqs"] = {"Bosngun"},
["bqt"] = {"Bamukumbit"},
["bqu"] = {"Boguru"},
["bqv"] = {"Koro Wachi", "Begbere-Ejar"},
["bqw"] = {"Buru (Nigeria)"},
["bqx"] = {"Baangi"},
["bqy"] = {"Bengkala Sign Language"},
["bqz"] = {"Bakaka"},
["bra"] = {"Braj"},
["brb"] = {"Brao", "Lave"},
["brc"] = {"Berbice Creole Dutch"},
["brd"] = {"Baraamu"},
["brf"] = {"Bira"},
["brg"] = {"Baure"},
["brh"] = {"Brahui"},
["bri"] = {"Mokpwe"},
["brj"] = {"Bieria"},
["brk"] = {"Birked"},
["brl"] = {"Birwa"},
["brm"] = {"Barambu"},
["brn"] = {"Boruca"},
["bro"] = {"Brokkat"},
["brp"] = {"Barapasi"},
["brq"] = {"Breri"},
["brr"] = {"Birao"},
["brs"] = {"Baras"},
["brt"] = {"Bitare"},
["bru"] = {"Eastern Bru"},
["brv"] = {"Western Bru"},
["brw"] = {"Bellari"},
["brx"] = {"Bodo (India)"},
["bry"] = {"Burui"},
["brz"] = {"Bilbil"},
["bsa"] = {"Abinomn"},
["bsb"] = {"Brunei Bisaya"},
["bsc"] = {"Bassari", "Oniyan"},
["bse"] = {"Wushi"},
["bsf"] = {"Bauchi"},
["bsg"] = {"Bashkardi"},
["bsh"] = {"Kati"},
["bsi"] = {"Bassossi"},
["bsj"] = {"Bangwinji"},
["bsk"] = {"Burushaski"},
["bsl"] = {"Basa-Gumna"},
["bsm"] = {"Busami"},
["bsn"] = {"Barasana-Eduria"},
["bso"] = {"Buso"},
["bsp"] = {"Baga Sitemu"},
["bsq"] = {"Bassa"},
["bsr"] = {"Bassa-Kontagora"},
["bss"] = {"Akoose"},
["bst"] = {"Basketo"},
["bsu"] = {"Bahonsuai"},
["bsv"] = {"Baga Sobané"},
["bsw"] = {"Baiso"},
["bsx"] = {"Yangkam"},
["bsy"] = {"Sabah Bisaya"},
["bta"] = {"Bata"},
["btc"] = {"Bati (Cameroon)"},
["btd"] = {"Batak Dairi"},
["bte"] = {"Gamo-Ningi"},
["btf"] = {"Birgit"},
["btg"] = {"Gagnoa Bété"},
["bth"] = {"Biatah Bidayuh"},
["bti"] = {"Burate"},
["btj"] = {"Bacanese Malay"},
["btk"] = {"Batak languages"},
["btm"] = {"Batak Mandailing"},
["btn"] = {"Ratagnon"},
["bto"] = {"Rinconada Bikol"},
["btp"] = {"Budibud"},
["btq"] = {"Batek"},
["btr"] = {"Baetora"},
["bts"] = {"Batak Simalungun"},
["btt"] = {"Bete-Bendi"},
["btu"] = {"Batu"},
["btv"] = {"Bateri"},
["btw"] = {"Butuanon"},
["btx"] = {"Batak Karo"},
["bty"] = {"Bobot"},
["btz"] = {"Batak Alas-Kluet"},
["bua"] = {"Buriat"},
["bub"] = {"Bua"},
["buc"] = {"Bushi"},
["bud"] = {"Ntcham"},
["bue"] = {"Beothuk"},
["buf"] = {"Bushoong"},
["bug"] = {"Buginese"},
["buh"] = {"Younuo Bunu"},
["bui"] = {"Bongili"},
["buj"] = {"Basa-Gurmana"},
["buk"] = {"Bugawac"},
["bum"] = {"Bulu (Cameroon)"},
["bun"] = {"Sherbro"},
["buo"] = {"Terei"},
["bup"] = {"Busoa"},
["buq"] = {"Brem"},
["bus"] = {"Bokobaru"},
["but"] = {"Bungain"},
["buu"] = {"Budu"},
["buv"] = {"Bun"},
["buw"] = {"Bubi"},
["bux"] = {"Boghom"},
["buy"] = {"Bullom So"},
["buz"] = {"Bukwen"},
["bva"] = {"Barein"},
["bvb"] = {"Bube"},
["bvc"] = {"Baelelea"},
["bvd"] = {"Baeggu"},
["bve"] = {"Berau Malay"},
["bvf"] = {"Boor"},
["bvg"] = {"Bonkeng"},
["bvh"] = {"Bure"},
["bvi"] = {"Belanda Viri"},
["bvj"] = {"Baan"},
["bvk"] = {"Bukat"},
["bvl"] = {"Bolivian Sign Language"},
["bvm"] = {"Bamunka"},
["bvn"] = {"Buna"},
["bvo"] = {"Bolgo"},
["bvp"] = {"Bumang"},
["bvq"] = {"Birri"},
["bvr"] = {"Burarra"},
["bvt"] = {"Bati (Indonesia)"},
["bvu"] = {"Bukit Malay"},
["bvv"] = {"Baniva"},
["bvw"] = {"Boga"},
["bvx"] = {"Dibole"},
["bvy"] = {"Baybayanon"},
["bvz"] = {"Bauzi"},
["bwa"] = {"Bwatoo"},
["bwb"] = {"Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua"},
["bwc"] = {"Bwile"},
["bwd"] = {"Bwaidoka"},
["bwe"] = {"Bwe Karen"},
["bwf"] = {"Boselewa"},
["bwg"] = {"Barwe"},
["bwh"] = {"Bishuo"},
["bwi"] = {"Baniwa"},
["bwj"] = {"Láá Láá Bwamu"},
["bwk"] = {"Bauwaki"},
["bwl"] = {"Bwela"},
["bwm"] = {"Biwat"},
["bwn"] = {"Wunai Bunu"},
["bwo"] = {"Boro (Ethiopia)", "Borna (Ethiopia)"},
["bwp"] = {"Mandobo Bawah"},
["bwq"] = {"Southern Bobo Madaré"},
["bwr"] = {"Bura-Pabir"},
["bws"] = {"Bomboma"},
["bwt"] = {"Bafaw-Balong"},
["bwu"] = {"Buli (Ghana)"},
["bww"] = {"Bwa"},
["bwx"] = {"Bu-Nao Bunu"},
["bwy"] = {"Cwi Bwamu"},
["bwz"] = {"Bwisi"},
["bxa"] = {"Tairaha"},
["bxb"] = {"Belanda Bor"},
["bxc"] = {"Molengue"},
["bxd"] = {"Pela"},
["bxe"] = {"Birale"},
["bxf"] = {"Bilur", "Minigir"},
["bxg"] = {"Bangala"},
["bxh"] = {"Buhutu"},
["bxi"] = {"Pirlatapa"},
["bxj"] = {"Bayungu"},
["bxk"] = {"Bukusu", "Lubukusu"},
["bxl"] = {"Jalkunan"},
["bxm"] = {"Mongolia Buriat"},
["bxn"] = {"Burduna"},
["bxo"] = {"Barikanchi"},
["bxp"] = {"Bebil"},
["bxq"] = {"Beele"},
["bxr"] = {"Russia Buriat"},
["bxs"] = {"Busam"},
["bxu"] = {"China Buriat"},
["bxv"] = {"Berakou"},
["bxw"] = {"Bankagooma"},
["bxz"] = {"Binahari"},
["bya"] = {"Batak"},
["byb"] = {"Bikya"},
["byc"] = {"Ubaghara"},
["byd"] = {"Benyadu'"},
["bye"] = {"Pouye"},
["byf"] = {"Bete"},
["byg"] = {"Baygo"},
["byh"] = {"Bhujel"},
["byi"] = {"Buyu"},
["byj"] = {"Bina (Nigeria)"},
["byk"] = {"Biao"},
["byl"] = {"Bayono"},
["bym"] = {"Bidjara"},
["byn"] = {"Bilin", "Blin"},
["byo"] = {"Biyo"},
["byp"] = {"Bumaji"},
["byq"] = {"Basay"},
["byr"] = {"Baruya", "Yipma"},
["bys"] = {"Burak"},
["byt"] = {"Berti"},
["byv"] = {"Medumba"},
["byw"] = {"Belhariya"},
["byx"] = {"Qaqet"},
["byz"] = {"Banaro"},
["bza"] = {"Bandi"},
["bzb"] = {"Andio"},
["bzc"] = {"Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"},
["bzd"] = {"Bribri"},
["bze"] = {"Jenaama Bozo"},
["bzf"] = {"Boikin"},
["bzg"] = {"Babuza"},
["bzh"] = {"Mapos Buang"},
["bzi"] = {"Bisu"},
["bzj"] = {"Belize Kriol English"},
["bzk"] = {"Nicaragua Creole English"},
["bzl"] = {"Boano (Sulawesi)"},
["bzm"] = {"Bolondo"},
["bzn"] = {"Boano (Maluku)"},
["bzo"] = {"Bozaba"},
["bzp"] = {"Kemberano"},
["bzq"] = {"Buli (Indonesia)"},
["bzr"] = {"Biri"},
["bzs"] = {"Brazilian Sign Language"},
["bzt"] = {"Brithenig"},
["bzu"] = {"Burmeso"},
["bzv"] = {"Naami"},
["bzw"] = {"Basa (Nigeria)"},
["bzx"] = {"Kɛlɛngaxo Bozo"},
["bzy"] = {"Obanliku"},
["bzz"] = {"Evant"},
["caa"] = {"Chortí"},
["cab"] = {"Garifuna"},
["cac"] = {"Chuj"},
["cad"] = {"Caddo"},
["cae"] = {"Lehar", "Laalaa"},
["caf"] = {"Southern Carrier"},
["cag"] = {"Nivaclé"},
["cah"] = {"Cahuarano"},
["cai"] = {"Central American Indian languages"},
["caj"] = {"Chané"},
["cak"] = {"Kaqchikel", "Cakchiquel"},
["cal"] = {"Carolinian"},
["cam"] = {"Cemuhî"},
["can"] = {"Chambri"},
["cao"] = {"Chácobo"},
["cap"] = {"Chipaya"},
["caq"] = {"Car Nicobarese"},
["car"] = {"Galibi Carib"},
["cas"] = {"Tsimané"},
["cau"] = {"Caucasian languages"},
["cav"] = {"Cavineña"},
["caw"] = {"Callawalla"},
["cax"] = {"Chiquitano"},
["cay"] = {"Cayuga"},
["caz"] = {"Canichana"},
["cba"] = {"Chibchan languages"},
["cbb"] = {"Cabiyarí"},
["cbc"] = {"Carapana"},
["cbd"] = {"Carijona"},
["cbg"] = {"Chimila"},
["cbi"] = {"Chachi"},
["cbj"] = {"Ede Cabe"},
["cbk"] = {"Chavacano"},
["cbl"] = {"Bualkhaw Chin"},
["cbn"] = {"Nyahkur"},
["cbo"] = {"Izora"},
["cbq"] = {"Tsucuba", "Cuba"},
["cbr"] = {"Cashibo-Cacataibo"},
["cbs"] = {"Cashinahua"},
["cbt"] = {"Chayahuita"},
["cbu"] = {"Candoshi-Shapra"},
["cbv"] = {"Cacua"},
["cbw"] = {"Kinabalian"},
["cby"] = {"Carabayo"},
["ccc"] = {"Chamicuro"},
["ccd"] = {"Cafundo Creole"},
["cce"] = {"Chopi"},
["ccg"] = {"Samba Daka"},
["cch"] = {"Atsam"},
["ccj"] = {"Kasanga"},
["ccl"] = {"Cutchi-Swahili"},
["ccm"] = {"Malaccan Creole Malay"},
["ccn"] = {"North Caucasian languages"},
["cco"] = {"Comaltepec Chinantec"},
["ccp"] = {"Chakma"},
["ccr"] = {"Cacaopera"},
["ccs"] = {"South Caucasian languages"},
["cda"] = {"Choni"},
["cdc"] = {"Chadic languages"},
["cdd"] = {"Caddoan languages"},
["cde"] = {"Chenchu"},
["cdf"] = {"Chiru"},
["cdh"] = {"Chambeali"},
["cdi"] = {"Chodri"},
["cdj"] = {"Churahi"},
["cdm"] = {"Chepang"},
["cdn"] = {"Chaudangsi"},
["cdo"] = {"Min Dong Chinese"},
["cdr"] = {"Cinda-Regi-Tiyal"},
["cds"] = {"Chadian Sign Language"},
["cdy"] = {"Chadong"},
["cdz"] = {"Koda"},
["cea"] = {"Lower Chehalis"},
["ceb"] = {"Cebuano"},
["ceg"] = {"Chamacoco"},
["cek"] = {"Eastern Khumi Chin"},
["cel"] = {"Celtic languages"},
["cen"] = {"Cen"},
["cet"] = {"Centúúm"},
["cey"] = {"Laoktu Chin"},
["cfa"] = {"Dijim-Bwilim"},
["cfd"] = {"Cara"},
["cfg"] = {"Como Karim"},
["cfm"] = {"Falam Chin"},
["cga"] = {"Changriwa"},
["cgc"] = {"Kagayanen"},
["cgg"] = {"Chiga"},
["cgk"] = {"Chocangacakha"},
["chb"] = {"Chibcha"},
["chc"] = {"Catawba"},
["chd"] = {"Highland Oaxaca Chontal"},
["chf"] = {"Tabasco Chontal"},
["chg"] = {"Chagatai"},
["chh"] = {"Chinook"},
["chj"] = {"Ojitlán Chinantec"},
["chk"] = {"Chuukese"},
["chl"] = {"Cahuilla"},
["chm"] = {"Mari (Russia)"},
["chn"] = {"Chinook jargon"},
["cho"] = {"Choctaw"},
["chp"] = {"Chipewyan", "Dene Suline"},
["chq"] = {"Quiotepec Chinantec"},
["chr"] = {"Cherokee"},
["cht"] = {"Cholón"},
["chw"] = {"Chuwabu"},
["chx"] = {"Chantyal"},
["chy"] = {"Cheyenne"},
["chz"] = {"Ozumacín Chinantec"},
["cia"] = {"Cia-Cia"},
["cib"] = {"Ci Gbe"},
["cic"] = {"Chickasaw"},
["cid"] = {"Chimariko"},
["cie"] = {"Cineni"},
["cih"] = {"Chinali"},
["cik"] = {"Chitkuli Kinnauri"},
["cim"] = {"Cimbrian"},
["cin"] = {"Cinta Larga"},
["cip"] = {"Chiapanec"},
["cir"] = {"Tiri", "Haméa", "Méa"},
["ciw"] = {"Chippewa"},
["ciy"] = {"Chaima"},
["cja"] = {"Western Cham"},
["cje"] = {"Chru"},
["cjh"] = {"Upper Chehalis"},
["cji"] = {"Chamalal"},
["cjk"] = {"Chokwe"},
["cjm"] = {"Eastern Cham"},
["cjn"] = {"Chenapian"},
["cjo"] = {"Ashéninka Pajonal"},
["cjp"] = {"Cabécar"},
["cjs"] = {"Shor"},
["cjv"] = {"Chuave"},
["cjy"] = {"Jinyu Chinese"},
["ckb"] = {"Central Kurdish"},
["ckh"] = {"Chak"},
["ckl"] = {"Cibak"},
["ckm"] = {"Chakavian"},
["ckn"] = {"Kaang Chin"},
["cko"] = {"Anufo"},
["ckq"] = {"Kajakse"},
["ckr"] = {"Kairak"},
["cks"] = {"Tayo"},
["ckt"] = {"Chukot"},
["cku"] = {"Koasati"},
["ckv"] = {"Kavalan"},
["ckx"] = {"Caka"},
["cky"] = {"Cakfem-Mushere"},
["ckz"] = {"Cakchiquel-Quiché Mixed Language"},
["cla"] = {"Ron"},
["clc"] = {"Chilcotin", "Tsilhqot’in"},
["cld"] = {"Chaldean Neo-Aramaic"},
["cle"] = {"Lealao Chinantec"},
["clh"] = {"Chilisso"},
["cli"] = {"Chakali"},
["clj"] = {"Laitu Chin"},
["clk"] = {"Idu-Mishmi"},
["cll"] = {"Chala"},
["clm"] = {"Klallam", "Clallam"},
["clo"] = {"Lowland Oaxaca Chontal"},
["cls"] = {"Classical Sanskrit"},
["clt"] = {"Lautu Chin"},
["clu"] = {"Caluyanun"},
["clw"] = {"Chulym"},
["cly"] = {"Eastern Highland Chatino"},
["cma"] = {"Maa"},
["cmc"] = {"Chamic languages"},
["cme"] = {"Cerma"},
["cmg"] = {"Classical Mongolian"},
["cmi"] = {"Emberá-Chamí"},
["cml"] = {"Campalagian"},
["cmm"] = {"Michigamea"},
["cmn"] = {"Mandarin Chinese"},
["cmo"] = {"Central Mnong"},
["cmr"] = {"Mro-Khimi Chin"},
["cms"] = {"Messapic"},
["cmt"] = {"Camtho"},
["cna"] = {"Changthang"},
["cnb"] = {"Chinbon Chin"},
["cnc"] = {"Côông"},
["cng"] = {"Northern Qiang"},
["cnh"] = {"Hakha Chin", "Haka Chin"},
["cni"] = {"Asháninka"},
["cnk"] = {"Khumi Chin"},
["cnl"] = {"Lalana Chinantec"},
["cno"] = {"Con"},
["cnp"] = {"Northern Ping Chinese", "Northern Pinghua"},
["cnq"] = {"Chung"},
["cnr"] = {"Montenegrin"},
["cns"] = {"Central Asmat"},
["cnt"] = {"Tepetotutla Chinantec"},
["cnu"] = {"Chenoua"},
["cnw"] = {"Ngawn Chin"},
["cnx"] = {"Middle Cornish"},
["coa"] = {"Cocos Islands Malay"},
["cob"] = {"Chicomuceltec"},
["coc"] = {"Cocopa"},
["cod"] = {"Cocama-Cocamilla"},
["coe"] = {"Koreguaje"},
["cof"] = {"Colorado"},
["cog"] = {"Chong"},
["coh"] = {"Chonyi-Dzihana-Kauma", "Chichonyi-Chidzihana-Chikauma"},
["coj"] = {"Cochimi"},
["cok"] = {"Santa Teresa Cora"},
["col"] = {"Columbia-Wenatchi"},
["com"] = {"Comanche"},
["con"] = {"Cofán"},
["coo"] = {"Comox"},
["cop"] = {"Coptic"},
["coq"] = {"Coquille"},
["cot"] = {"Caquinte"},
["cou"] = {"Wamey"},
["cov"] = {"Cao Miao"},
["cow"] = {"Cowlitz"},
["cox"] = {"Nanti"},
["coz"] = {"Chochotec"},
["cpa"] = {"Palantla Chinantec"},
["cpb"] = {"Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka"},
["cpc"] = {"Ajyíninka Apurucayali"},
["cpe"] = {"English-based creoles and pidgins"},
["cpf"] = {"French-based creoles and pidgins"},
["cpg"] = {"Cappadocian Greek"},
["cpi"] = {"Chinese Pidgin English"},
["cpn"] = {"Cherepon"},
["cpo"] = {"Kpeego"},
["cpp"] = {"Portuguese-based creoles and pidgins"},
["cps"] = {"Capiznon"},
["cpu"] = {"Pichis Ashéninka"},
["cpx"] = {"Pu-Xian Chinese"},
["cpy"] = {"South Ucayali Ashéninka"},
["cqd"] = {"Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao"},
["cra"] = {"Chara"},
["crb"] = {"Island Carib"},
["crc"] = {"Lonwolwol"},
["crd"] = {"Coeur d'Alene"},
["crf"] = {"Caramanta"},
["crg"] = {"Michif"},
["crh"] = {"Crimean Tatar", "Crimean Turkish"},
["cri"] = {"Sãotomense"},
["crj"] = {"Southern East Cree"},
["crk"] = {"Plains Cree"},
["crl"] = {"Northern East Cree"},
["crm"] = {"Moose Cree"},
["crn"] = {"El Nayar Cora"},
["cro"] = {"Crow"},
["crp"] = {"Creoles and pidgins"},
["crq"] = {"Iyo'wujwa Chorote"},
["crr"] = {"Carolina Algonquian"},
["crs"] = {"Seselwa Creole French"},
["crt"] = {"Iyojwa'ja Chorote"},
["crv"] = {"Chaura"},
["crw"] = {"Chrau"},
["crx"] = {"Carrier"},
["cry"] = {"Cori"},
["crz"] = {"Cruzeño"},
["csa"] = {"Chiltepec Chinantec"},
["csb"] = {"Kashubian"},
["csc"] = {"Catalan Sign Language", "Lengua de señas catalana", "Llengua de Signes Catalana"},
["csd"] = {"Chiangmai Sign Language"},
["cse"] = {"Czech Sign Language"},
["csf"] = {"Cuba Sign Language"},
["csg"] = {"Chilean Sign Language"},
["csh"] = {"Asho Chin"},
["csi"] = {"Coast Miwok"},
["csj"] = {"Songlai Chin"},
["csk"] = {"Jola-Kasa"},
["csl"] = {"Chinese Sign Language"},
["csm"] = {"Central Sierra Miwok"},
["csn"] = {"Colombian Sign Language"},
["cso"] = {"Sochiapam Chinantec", "Sochiapan Chinantec"},
["csp"] = {"Southern Ping Chinese", "Southern Pinghua"},
["csq"] = {"Croatia Sign Language"},
["csr"] = {"Costa Rican Sign Language"},
["css"] = {"Southern Ohlone"},
["cst"] = {"Northern Ohlone"},
["csu"] = {"Central Sudanic languages"},
["csv"] = {"Sumtu Chin"},
["csw"] = {"Swampy Cree"},
["csx"] = {"Cambodian Sign Language"},
["csy"] = {"Siyin Chin"},
["csz"] = {"Coos"},
["cta"] = {"Tataltepec Chatino"},
["ctc"] = {"Chetco"},
["ctd"] = {"Tedim Chin"},
["cte"] = {"Tepinapa Chinantec"},
["ctg"] = {"Chittagonian"},
["cth"] = {"Thaiphum Chin"},
["ctl"] = {"Tlacoatzintepec Chinantec"},
["ctm"] = {"Chitimacha"},
["ctn"] = {"Chhintange"},
["cto"] = {"Emberá-Catío"},
["ctp"] = {"Western Highland Chatino"},
["cts"] = {"Northern Catanduanes Bikol"},
["ctt"] = {"Wayanad Chetti"},
["ctu"] = {"Chol"},
["cty"] = {"Moundadan Chetty"},
["ctz"] = {"Zacatepec Chatino"},
["cua"] = {"Cua"},
["cub"] = {"Cubeo"},
["cuc"] = {"Usila Chinantec"},
["cuh"] = {"Chuka", "Gichuka"},
["cui"] = {"Cuiba"},
["cuj"] = {"Mashco Piro"},
["cuk"] = {"San Blas Kuna"},
["cul"] = {"Culina", "Kulina"},
["cuo"] = {"Cumanagoto"},
["cup"] = {"Cupeño"},
["cuq"] = {"Cun"},
["cur"] = {"Chhulung"},
["cus"] = {"Cushitic languages"},
["cut"] = {"Teutila Cuicatec"},
["cuu"] = {"Tai Ya"},
["cuv"] = {"Cuvok"},
["cuw"] = {"Chukwa"},
["cux"] = {"Tepeuxila Cuicatec"},
["cuy"] = {"Cuitlatec"},
["cvg"] = {"Chug"},
["cvn"] = {"Valle Nacional Chinantec"},
["cwa"] = {"Kabwa"},
["cwb"] = {"Maindo"},
["cwd"] = {"Woods Cree"},
["cwe"] = {"Kwere"},
["cwg"] = {"Chewong", "Cheq Wong"},
["cwt"] = {"Kuwaataay"},
["cxh"] = {"Cha'ari"},
["cya"] = {"Nopala Chatino"},
["cyb"] = {"Cayubaba"},
["cyo"] = {"Cuyonon"},
["czh"] = {"Huizhou Chinese"},
["czk"] = {"Knaanic"},
["czn"] = {"Zenzontepec Chatino"},
["czo"] = {"Min Zhong Chinese"},
["czt"] = {"Zotung Chin"},
["daa"] = {"Dangaléat"},
["dac"] = {"Dambi"},
["dad"] = {"Marik"},
["dae"] = {"Duupa"},
["dag"] = {"Dagbani"},
["dah"] = {"Gwahatike"},
["dai"] = {"Day"},
["daj"] = {"Dar Fur Daju"},
["dak"] = {"Dakota"},
["dal"] = {"Dahalo"},
["dam"] = {"Damakawa"},
["dao"] = {"Daai Chin"},
["daq"] = {"Dandami Maria"},
["dar"] = {"Dargwa"},
["das"] = {"Daho-Doo"},
["dau"] = {"Dar Sila Daju"},
["dav"] = {"Taita", "Dawida"},
["daw"] = {"Davawenyo"},
["dax"] = {"Dayi"},
["day"] = {"Land Dayak languages"},
["daz"] = {"Moi-Wadea", "Dao"},
["dba"] = {"Bangime"},
["dbb"] = {"Deno"},
["dbd"] = {"Dadiya"},
["dbe"] = {"Dabe"},
["dbf"] = {"Edopi"},
["dbg"] = {"Dogul Dom Dogon"},
["dbi"] = {"Doka"},
["dbj"] = {"Ida'an"},
["dbl"] = {"Dyirbal"},
["dbm"] = {"Duguri"},
["dbn"] = {"Duriankere"},
["dbo"] = {"Dulbu"},
["dbp"] = {"Duwai"},
["dbq"] = {"Daba"},
["dbr"] = {"Dabarre"},
["dbt"] = {"Ben Tey Dogon"},
["dbu"] = {"Bondum Dom Dogon"},
["dbv"] = {"Dungu"},
["dbw"] = {"Bankan Tey Dogon"},
["dby"] = {"Dibiyaso"},
["dcc"] = {"Deccan"},
["dcr"] = {"Negerhollands"},
["dda"] = {"Dadi Dadi"},
["ddd"] = {"Dongotono"},
["dde"] = {"Doondo"},
["ddg"] = {"Fataluku"},
["ddi"] = {"West Goodenough"},
["ddj"] = {"Jaru"},
["ddn"] = {"Dendi (Benin)"},
["ddo"] = {"Dido"},
["ddr"] = {"Dhudhuroa"},
["dds"] = {"Donno So Dogon"},
["ddw"] = {"Dawera-Daweloor"},
["dec"] = {"Dagik"},
["ded"] = {"Dedua"},
["dee"] = {"Dewoin"},
["def"] = {"Dezfuli"},
["deg"] = {"Degema"},
["deh"] = {"Dehwari"},
["dei"] = {"Demisa"},
["del"] = {"Delaware"},
["dem"] = {"Dem"},
["den"] = {"Slavey"},
["dep"] = {"Pidgin Delaware"},
["deq"] = {"Dendi (Central African Republic)"},
["der"] = {"Deori"},
["des"] = {"Desano"},
["dev"] = {"Domung"},
["dez"] = {"Dengese"},
["dga"] = {"Southern Dagaare"},
["dgb"] = {"Bunoge Dogon"},
["dgc"] = {"Casiguran Dumagat Agta"},
["dgd"] = {"Dagaari Dioula"},
["dge"] = {"Degenan"},
["dgg"] = {"Doga"},
["dgh"] = {"Dghwede"},
["dgi"] = {"Northern Dagara"},
["dgk"] = {"Dagba"},
["dgl"] = {"Andaandi", "Dongolawi"},
["dgn"] = {"Dagoman"},
["dgo"] = {"Dogri (individual language)"},
["dgr"] = {"Tlicho", "Dogrib", "Tłı̨chǫ"},
["dgs"] = {"Dogoso"},
["dgt"] = {"Ndra'ngith"},
["dgw"] = {"Daungwurrung"},
["dgx"] = {"Doghoro"},
["dgz"] = {"Daga"},
["dhd"] = {"Dhundari"},
["dhg"] = {"Dhangu-Djangu", "Dhangu", "Djangu"},
["dhi"] = {"Dhimal"},
["dhl"] = {"Dhalandji"},
["dhm"] = {"Zemba"},
["dhn"] = {"Dhanki"},
["dho"] = {"Dhodia"},
["dhr"] = {"Dhargari"},
["dhs"] = {"Dhaiso"},
["dhu"] = {"Dhurga"},
["dhv"] = {"Dehu", "Drehu"},
["dhw"] = {"Dhanwar (Nepal)"},
["dhx"] = {"Dhungaloo"},
["dia"] = {"Dia"},
["dib"] = {"South Central Dinka"},
["dic"] = {"Lakota Dida"},
["did"] = {"Didinga"},
["dif"] = {"Dieri", "Diyari"},
["dig"] = {"Digo", "Chidigo"},
["dih"] = {"Kumiai"},
["dii"] = {"Dimbong"},
["dij"] = {"Dai"},
["dik"] = {"Southwestern Dinka"},
["dil"] = {"Dilling"},
["dim"] = {"Dime"},
["din"] = {"Dinka"},
["dio"] = {"Dibo"},
["dip"] = {"Northeastern Dinka"},
["diq"] = {"Dimli (individual language)"},
["dir"] = {"Dirim"},
["dis"] = {"Dimasa"},
["diu"] = {"Diriku"},
["diw"] = {"Northwestern Dinka"},
["dix"] = {"Dixon Reef"},
["diy"] = {"Diuwe"},
["diz"] = {"Ding"},
["dja"] = {"Djadjawurrung"},
["djb"] = {"Djinba"},
["djc"] = {"Dar Daju Daju"},
["djd"] = {"Djamindjung", "Ngaliwurru"},
["dje"] = {"Zarma"},
["djf"] = {"Djangun"},
["dji"] = {"Djinang"},
["djj"] = {"Djeebbana"},
["djk"] = {"Eastern Maroon Creole", "Businenge Tongo", "Nenge"},
["djm"] = {"Jamsay Dogon"},
["djn"] = {"Jawoyn", "Djauan"},
["djo"] = {"Jangkang"},
["djr"] = {"Djambarrpuyngu"},
["dju"] = {"Kapriman"},
["djw"] = {"Djawi"},
["dka"] = {"Dakpakha"},
["dkg"] = {"Kadung"},
["dkk"] = {"Dakka"},
["dkr"] = {"Kuijau"},
["dks"] = {"Southeastern Dinka"},
["dkx"] = {"Mazagway"},
["dlg"] = {"Dolgan"},
["dlk"] = {"Dahalik"},
["dlm"] = {"Dalmatian"},
["dln"] = {"Darlong"},
["dma"] = {"Duma"},
["dmb"] = {"Mombo Dogon"},
["dmc"] = {"Gavak"},
["dmd"] = {"Madhi Madhi"},
["dme"] = {"Dugwor"},
["dmf"] = {"Medefaidrin"},
["dmg"] = {"Upper Kinabatangan"},
["dmk"] = {"Domaaki"},
["dml"] = {"Dameli"},
["dmm"] = {"Dama"},
["dmn"] = {"Mande languages"},
["dmo"] = {"Kemedzung"},
["dmr"] = {"East Damar"},
["dms"] = {"Dampelas"},
["dmu"] = {"Dubu", "Tebi"},
["dmv"] = {"Dumpas"},
["dmw"] = {"Mudburra"},
["dmx"] = {"Dema"},
["dmy"] = {"Demta", "Sowari"},
["dna"] = {"Upper Grand Valley Dani"},
["dnd"] = {"Daonda"},
["dne"] = {"Ndendeule"},
["dng"] = {"Dungan"},
["dni"] = {"Lower Grand Valley Dani"},
["dnj"] = {"Dan"},
["dnk"] = {"Dengka"},
["dnn"] = {"Dzùùngoo"},
["dno"] = {"Ndrulo", "Northern Lendu"},
["dnr"] = {"Danaru"},
["dnt"] = {"Mid Grand Valley Dani"},
["dnu"] = {"Danau"},
["dnv"] = {"Danu"},
["dnw"] = {"Western Dani"},
["dny"] = {"Dení"},
["doa"] = {"Dom"},
["dob"] = {"Dobu"},
["doc"] = {"Northern Dong"},
["doe"] = {"Doe"},
["dof"] = {"Domu"},
["doh"] = {"Dong"},
["doi"] = {"Dogri (macrolanguage)"},
["dok"] = {"Dondo"},
["dol"] = {"Doso"},
["don"] = {"Toura (Papua New Guinea)"},
["doo"] = {"Dongo"},
["dop"] = {"Lukpa"},
["doq"] = {"Dominican Sign Language"},
["dor"] = {"Dori'o"},
["dos"] = {"Dogosé"},
["dot"] = {"Dass"},
["dov"] = {"Dombe"},
["dow"] = {"Doyayo"},
["dox"] = {"Bussa"},
["doy"] = {"Dompo"},
["doz"] = {"Dorze"},
["dpp"] = {"Papar"},
["dra"] = {"Dravidian languages"},
["drb"] = {"Dair"},
["drc"] = {"Minderico"},
["drd"] = {"Darmiya"},
["dre"] = {"Dolpo"},
["drg"] = {"Rungus"},
["dri"] = {"C'Lela"},
["drl"] = {"Paakantyi"},
["drn"] = {"West Damar"},
["dro"] = {"Daro-Matu Melanau"},
["drq"] = {"Dura"},
["drs"] = {"Gedeo"},
["drt"] = {"Drents"},
["dru"] = {"Rukai"},
["dry"] = {"Darai"},
["dsb"] = {"Lower Sorbian"},
["dse"] = {"Dutch Sign Language"},
["dsh"] = {"Daasanach"},
["dsi"] = {"Disa"},
["dsk"] = {"Dokshi"},
["dsl"] = {"Danish Sign Language"},
["dsn"] = {"Dusner"},
["dso"] = {"Desiya"},
["dsq"] = {"Tadaksahak"},
["dsz"] = {"Mardin Sign Language"},
["dta"] = {"Daur"},
["dtb"] = {"Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan"},
["dtd"] = {"Ditidaht"},
["dth"] = {"Adithinngithigh"},
["dti"] = {"Ana Tinga Dogon"},
["dtk"] = {"Tene Kan Dogon"},
["dtm"] = {"Tomo Kan Dogon"},
["dtn"] = {"Daatsʼíin"},
["dto"] = {"Tommo So Dogon"},
["dtp"] = {"Kadazan Dusun", "Central Dusun"},
["dtr"] = {"Lotud"},
["dts"] = {"Toro So Dogon"},
["dtt"] = {"Toro Tegu Dogon"},
["dtu"] = {"Tebul Ure Dogon"},
["dty"] = {"Dotyali"},
["dua"] = {"Duala"},
["dub"] = {"Dubli"},
["duc"] = {"Duna"},
["due"] = {"Umiray Dumaget Agta"},
["duf"] = {"Dumbea", "Drubea"},
["dug"] = {"Duruma", "Chiduruma"},
["duh"] = {"Dungra Bhil"},
["dui"] = {"Dumun"},
["duk"] = {"Uyajitaya"},
["dul"] = {"Alabat Island Agta"},
["dum"] = {"Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)"},
["dun"] = {"Dusun Deyah"},
["duo"] = {"Dupaninan Agta"},
["dup"] = {"Duano"},
["duq"] = {"Dusun Malang"},
["dur"] = {"Dii"},
["dus"] = {"Dumi"},
["duu"] = {"Drung"},
["duv"] = {"Duvle"},
["duw"] = {"Dusun Witu"},
["dux"] = {"Duungooma"},
["duy"] = {"Dicamay Agta"},
["duz"] = {"Duli-Gey"},
["dva"] = {"Duau"},
["dwa"] = {"Diri"},
["dwk"] = {"Dawik Kui"},
["dwr"] = {"Dawro"},
["dws"] = {"Dutton World Speedwords"},
["dwu"] = {"Dhuwal"},
["dww"] = {"Dawawa"},
["dwy"] = {"Dhuwaya"},
["dwz"] = {"Dewas Rai"},
["dya"] = {"Dyan"},
["dyb"] = {"Dyaberdyaber"},
["dyd"] = {"Dyugun"},
["dyg"] = {"Villa Viciosa Agta"},
["dyi"] = {"Djimini Senoufo"},
["dyl"] = {"Bhutanese Sign Language"},
["dym"] = {"Yanda Dom Dogon"},
["dyn"] = {"Dyangadi", "Dhanggatti"},
["dyo"] = {"Jola-Fonyi"},
["dyr"] = {"Dyarim"},
["dyu"] = {"Dyula"},
["dyy"] = {"Djabugay", "Dyaabugay"},
["dza"] = {"Tunzu"},
["dzd"] = {"Daza"},
["dze"] = {"Djiwarli"},
["dzg"] = {"Dazaga"},
["dzl"] = {"Dzalakha"},
["dzn"] = {"Dzando"},
["eaa"] = {"Karenggapa"},
["ebc"] = {"Beginci"},
["ebg"] = {"Ebughu"},
["ebk"] = {"Eastern Bontok"},
["ebo"] = {"Teke-Ebo"},
["ebr"] = {"Ebrié"},
["ebu"] = {"Embu", "Kiembu"},
["ecr"] = {"Eteocretan"},
["ecs"] = {"Ecuadorian Sign Language"},
["ecy"] = {"Eteocypriot"},
["eee"] = {"E"},
["efa"] = {"Efai"},
["efe"] = {"Efe"},
["efi"] = {"Efik"},
["ega"] = {"Ega"},
["egl"] = {"Emilian"},
["egm"] = {"Benamanga"},
["ego"] = {"Eggon"},
["egx"] = {"Egyptian languages"},
["egy"] = {"Egyptian (Ancient)"},
["ehs"] = {"Miyakubo Sign Language"},
["ehu"] = {"Ehueun"},
["eip"] = {"Eipomek"},
["eit"] = {"Eitiep"},
["eiv"] = {"Askopan"},
["eja"] = {"Ejamat"},
["eka"] = {"Ekajuk"},
["eke"] = {"Ekit"},
["ekg"] = {"Ekari"},
["eki"] = {"Eki"},
["ekk"] = {"Standard Estonian"},
["ekl"] = {"Kol (Bangladesh)", "Kol"},
["ekm"] = {"Elip"},
["eko"] = {"Koti"},
["ekp"] = {"Ekpeye"},
["ekr"] = {"Yace"},
["eky"] = {"Eastern Kayah"},
["ele"] = {"Elepi"},
["elh"] = {"El Hugeirat"},
["eli"] = {"Nding"},
["elk"] = {"Elkei"},
["elm"] = {"Eleme"},
["elo"] = {"El Molo"},
["elu"] = {"Elu"},
["elx"] = {"Elamite"},
["ema"] = {"Emai-Iuleha-Ora"},
["emb"] = {"Embaloh"},
["eme"] = {"Emerillon"},
["emg"] = {"Eastern Meohang"},
["emi"] = {"Mussau-Emira"},
["emk"] = {"Eastern Maninkakan"},
["emm"] = {"Mamulique"},
["emn"] = {"Eman"},
["emp"] = {"Northern Emberá"},
["emq"] = {"Eastern Minyag"},
["ems"] = {"Pacific Gulf Yupik"},
["emu"] = {"Eastern Muria"},
["emw"] = {"Emplawas"},
["emx"] = {"Erromintxela"},
["emy"] = {"Epigraphic Mayan"},
["emz"] = {"Mbessa"},
["ena"] = {"Apali"},
["enb"] = {"Markweeta"},
["enc"] = {"En"},
["end"] = {"Ende"},
["enf"] = {"Forest Enets"},
["enh"] = {"Tundra Enets"},
["enl"] = {"Enlhet"},
["enm"] = {"Middle English (1100-1500)"},
["enn"] = {"Engenni"},
["eno"] = {"Enggano"},
["enq"] = {"Enga"},
["enr"] = {"Emumu", "Emem"},
["enu"] = {"Enu"},
["env"] = {"Enwan (Edo State)"},
["enw"] = {"Enwan (Akwa Ibom State)"},
["enx"] = {"Enxet"},
["eot"] = {"Beti (Côte d'Ivoire)"},
["epi"] = {"Epie"},
["era"] = {"Eravallan"},
["erg"] = {"Sie"},
["erh"] = {"Eruwa"},
["eri"] = {"Ogea"},
["erk"] = {"South Efate"},
["ero"] = {"Horpa"},
["err"] = {"Erre"},
["ers"] = {"Ersu"},
["ert"] = {"Eritai"},
["erw"] = {"Erokwanas"},
["ese"] = {"Ese Ejja"},
["esg"] = {"Aheri Gondi"},
["esh"] = {"Eshtehardi"},
["esi"] = {"North Alaskan Inupiatun"},
["esk"] = {"Northwest Alaska Inupiatun"},
["esl"] = {"Egypt Sign Language"},
["esm"] = {"Esuma"},
["esn"] = {"Salvadoran Sign Language"},
["eso"] = {"Estonian Sign Language"},
["esq"] = {"Esselen"},
["ess"] = {"Central Siberian Yupik"},
["esu"] = {"Central Yupik"},
["esx"] = {"Eskimo-Aleut languages"},
["esy"] = {"Eskayan"},
["etb"] = {"Etebi"},
["etc"] = {"Etchemin"},
["eth"] = {"Ethiopian Sign Language"},
["etn"] = {"Eton (Vanuatu)"},
["eto"] = {"Eton (Cameroon)"},
["etr"] = {"Edolo"},
["ets"] = {"Yekhee"},
["ett"] = {"Etruscan"},
["etu"] = {"Ejagham"},
["etx"] = {"Eten"},
["etz"] = {"Semimi"},
["eud"] = {"Eudeve"},
["euq"] = {"Basque (family)"},
["eve"] = {"Even"},
["evh"] = {"Uvbie"},
["evn"] = {"Evenki"},
["ewo"] = {"Ewondo"},
["ext"] = {"Extremaduran"},
["eya"] = {"Eyak"},
["eyo"] = {"Keiyo"},
["eza"] = {"Ezaa"},
["eze"] = {"Uzekwe"},
["faa"] = {"Fasu"},
["fab"] = {"Fa d'Ambu"},
["fad"] = {"Wagi"},
["faf"] = {"Fagani"},
["fag"] = {"Finongan"},
["fah"] = {"Baissa Fali"},
["fai"] = {"Faiwol"},
["faj"] = {"Faita"},
["fak"] = {"Fang (Cameroon)"},
["fal"] = {"South Fali"},
["fam"] = {"Fam"},
["fan"] = {"Fang (Equatorial Guinea)"},
["fap"] = {"Paloor"},
["far"] = {"Fataleka"},
["fat"] = {"Fanti"},
["fau"] = {"Fayu"},
["fax"] = {"Fala"},
["fay"] = {"Southwestern Fars"},
["faz"] = {"Northwestern Fars"},
["fbl"] = {"West Albay Bikol"},
["fcs"] = {"Quebec Sign Language"},
["fer"] = {"Feroge"},
["ffi"] = {"Foia Foia"},
["ffm"] = {"Maasina Fulfulde"},
["fgr"] = {"Fongoro"},
["fia"] = {"Nobiin"},
["fie"] = {"Fyer"},
["fif"] = {"Faifi"},
["fil"] = {"Filipino", "Pilipino"},
["fip"] = {"Fipa"},
["fir"] = {"Firan"},
["fit"] = {"Tornedalen Finnish", "Meänkieli"},
["fiu"] = {"Finno-Ugrian languages"},
["fiw"] = {"Fiwaga"},
["fkk"] = {"Kirya-Konzəl"},
["fkv"] = {"Kven Finnish"},
["fla"] = {"Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille"},
["flh"] = {"Foau"},
["fli"] = {"Fali"},
["fll"] = {"North Fali"},
["fln"] = {"Flinders Island"},
["flr"] = {"Fuliiru"},
["fly"] = {"Flaaitaal", "Tsotsitaal"},
["fmp"] = {"Fe'fe'"},
["fmu"] = {"Far Western Muria"},
["fnb"] = {"Fanbak"},
["fng"] = {"Fanagalo"},
["fni"] = {"Fania"},
["fod"] = {"Foodo"},
["foi"] = {"Foi"},
["fom"] = {"Foma"},
["fon"] = {"Fon"},
["for"] = {"Fore"},
["fos"] = {"Siraya"},
["fox"] = {"Formosan languages"},
["fpe"] = {"Fernando Po Creole English"},
["fqs"] = {"Fas"},
["frc"] = {"Cajun French"},
["frd"] = {"Fordata"},
["frk"] = {"Frankish"},
["frm"] = {"Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)"},
["fro"] = {"Old French (842-ca. 1400)"},
["frp"] = {"Arpitan", "Francoprovençal"},
["frq"] = {"Forak"},
["frr"] = {"Northern Frisian"},
["frs"] = {"Eastern Frisian"},
["frt"] = {"Fortsenal"},
["fse"] = {"Finnish Sign Language"},
["fsl"] = {"French Sign Language"},
["fss"] = {"Finland-Swedish Sign Language", "finlandssvenskt teckenspråk", "suomenruotsalainen viittomakieli"},
["fub"] = {"Adamawa Fulfulde"},
["fuc"] = {"Pulaar"},
["fud"] = {"East Futuna"},
["fue"] = {"Borgu Fulfulde"},
["fuf"] = {"Pular"},
["fuh"] = {"Western Niger Fulfulde"},
["fui"] = {"Bagirmi Fulfulde"},
["fuj"] = {"Ko"},
["fum"] = {"Fum"},
["fun"] = {"Fulniô"},
["fuq"] = {"Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde"},
["fur"] = {"Friulian"},
["fut"] = {"Futuna-Aniwa"},
["fuu"] = {"Furu"},
["fuv"] = {"Nigerian Fulfulde"},
["fuy"] = {"Fuyug"},
["fvr"] = {"Fur"},
["fwa"] = {"Fwâi"},
["fwe"] = {"Fwe"},
["gaa"] = {"Ga"},
["gab"] = {"Gabri"},
["gac"] = {"Mixed Great Andamanese"},
["gad"] = {"Gaddang"},
["gae"] = {"Guarequena"},
["gaf"] = {"Gende"},
["gag"] = {"Gagauz"},
["gah"] = {"Alekano"},
["gai"] = {"Borei"},
["gaj"] = {"Gadsup"},
["gak"] = {"Gamkonora"},
["gal"] = {"Galolen"},
["gam"] = {"Kandawo"},
["gan"] = {"Gan Chinese"},
["gao"] = {"Gants"},
["gap"] = {"Gal"},
["gaq"] = {"Gata'"},
["gar"] = {"Galeya"},
["gas"] = {"Adiwasi Garasia"},
["gat"] = {"Kenati"},
["gau"] = {"Mudhili Gadaba"},
["gaw"] = {"Nobonob"},
["gax"] = {"Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo"},
["gay"] = {"Gayo"},
["gaz"] = {"West Central Oromo"},
["gba"] = {"Gbaya (Central African Republic)"},
["gbb"] = {"Kaytetye"},
["gbd"] = {"Karajarri"},
["gbe"] = {"Niksek"},
["gbf"] = {"Gaikundi"},
["gbg"] = {"Gbanziri"},
["gbh"] = {"Defi Gbe"},
["gbi"] = {"Galela"},
["gbj"] = {"Bodo Gadaba"},
["gbk"] = {"Gaddi"},
["gbl"] = {"Gamit"},
["gbm"] = {"Garhwali"},
["gbn"] = {"Mo'da"},
["gbo"] = {"Northern Grebo"},
["gbp"] = {"Gbaya-Bossangoa"},
["gbq"] = {"Gbaya-Bozoum"},
["gbr"] = {"Gbagyi"},
["gbs"] = {"Gbesi Gbe"},
["gbu"] = {"Gagadu"},
["gbv"] = {"Gbanu"},
["gbw"] = {"Gabi-Gabi"},
["gbx"] = {"Eastern Xwla Gbe"},
["gby"] = {"Gbari"},
["gbz"] = {"Zoroastrian Dari"},
["gcc"] = {"Mali"},
["gcd"] = {"Ganggalida"},
["gce"] = {"Galice"},
["gcf"] = {"Guadeloupean Creole French"},
["gcl"] = {"Grenadian Creole English"},
["gcn"] = {"Gaina"},
["gcr"] = {"Guianese Creole French"},
["gct"] = {"Colonia Tovar German"},
["gda"] = {"Gade Lohar"},
["gdb"] = {"Pottangi Ollar Gadaba"},
["gdc"] = {"Gugu Badhun"},
["gdd"] = {"Gedaged"},
["gde"] = {"Gude"},
["gdf"] = {"Guduf-Gava"},
["gdg"] = {"Ga'dang"},
["gdh"] = {"Gadjerawang", "Gajirrabeng"},
["gdi"] = {"Gundi"},
["gdj"] = {"Gurdjar"},
["gdk"] = {"Gadang"},
["gdl"] = {"Dirasha"},
["gdm"] = {"Laal"},
["gdn"] = {"Umanakaina"},
["gdo"] = {"Ghodoberi"},
["gdq"] = {"Mehri"},
["gdr"] = {"Wipi"},
["gds"] = {"Ghandruk Sign Language"},
["gdt"] = {"Kungardutyi"},
["gdu"] = {"Gudu"},
["gdx"] = {"Godwari"},
["gea"] = {"Geruma"},
["geb"] = {"Kire"},
["gec"] = {"Gboloo Grebo"},
["ged"] = {"Gade"},
["gef"] = {"Gerai"},
["geg"] = {"Gengle"},
["geh"] = {"Hutterite German", "Hutterisch"},
["gei"] = {"Gebe"},
["gej"] = {"Gen"},
["gek"] = {"Ywom"},
["gel"] = {"ut-Ma'in"},
["gem"] = {"Germanic languages"},
["geq"] = {"Geme"},
["ges"] = {"Geser-Gorom"},
["gev"] = {"Eviya"},
["gew"] = {"Gera"},
["gex"] = {"Garre"},
["gey"] = {"Enya"},
["gez"] = {"Geez"},
["gfk"] = {"Patpatar"},
["gft"] = {"Gafat"},
["gga"] = {"Gao"},
["ggb"] = {"Gbii"},
["ggd"] = {"Gugadj"},
["gge"] = {"Gurr-goni"},
["ggg"] = {"Gurgula"},
["ggk"] = {"Kungarakany"},
["ggl"] = {"Ganglau"},
["ggt"] = {"Gitua"},
["ggu"] = {"Gagu", "Gban"},
["ggw"] = {"Gogodala"},
["gha"] = {"Ghadamès"},
["ghc"] = {"Hiberno-Scottish Gaelic"},
["ghe"] = {"Southern Ghale"},
["ghh"] = {"Northern Ghale"},
["ghk"] = {"Geko Karen"},
["ghl"] = {"Ghulfan"},
["ghn"] = {"Ghanongga"},
["gho"] = {"Ghomara"},
["ghr"] = {"Ghera"},
["ghs"] = {"Guhu-Samane"},
["ght"] = {"Kuke", "Kutang Ghale"},
["gia"] = {"Kija"},
["gib"] = {"Gibanawa"},
["gic"] = {"Gail"},
["gid"] = {"Gidar"},
["gie"] = {"Gaɓogbo", "Guébie"},
["gig"] = {"Goaria"},
["gih"] = {"Githabul"},
["gii"] = {"Girirra"},
["gil"] = {"Gilbertese"},
["gim"] = {"Gimi (Eastern Highlands)"},
["gin"] = {"Hinukh"},
["gip"] = {"Gimi (West New Britain)"},
["giq"] = {"Green Gelao"},
["gir"] = {"Red Gelao"},
["gis"] = {"North Giziga"},
["git"] = {"Gitxsan"},
["giu"] = {"Mulao"},
["giw"] = {"White Gelao"},
["gix"] = {"Gilima"},
["giy"] = {"Giyug"},
["giz"] = {"South Giziga"},
["gjk"] = {"Kachi Koli"},
["gjm"] = {"Gunditjmara"},
["gjn"] = {"Gonja"},
["gjr"] = {"Gurindji Kriol"},
["gju"] = {"Gujari"},
["gka"] = {"Guya"},
["gkd"] = {"Magɨ (Madang Province)"},
["gke"] = {"Ndai"},
["gkn"] = {"Gokana"},
["gko"] = {"Kok-Nar"},
["gkp"] = {"Guinea Kpelle"},
["gku"] = {"ǂUngkue"},
["glb"] = {"Belning"},
["glc"] = {"Bon Gula"},
["gld"] = {"Nanai"},
["glh"] = {"Northwest Pashai", "Northwest Pashayi"},
["glj"] = {"Gula Iro"},
["glk"] = {"Gilaki"},
["gll"] = {"Garlali"},
["glo"] = {"Galambu"},
["glr"] = {"Glaro-Twabo"},
["glu"] = {"Gula (Chad)"},
["glw"] = {"Glavda"},
["gly"] = {"Gule"},
["gma"] = {"Gambera"},
["gmb"] = {"Gula'alaa"},
["gmd"] = {"Mághdì"},
["gme"] = {"East Germanic languages"},
["gmg"] = {"Magɨyi"},
["gmh"] = {"Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)"},
["gml"] = {"Middle Low German"},
["gmm"] = {"Gbaya-Mbodomo"},
["gmn"] = {"Gimnime"},
["gmq"] = {"North Germanic languages"},
["gmr"] = {"Mirning", "Mirniny"},
["gmu"] = {"Gumalu"},
["gmv"] = {"Gamo"},
["gmw"] = {"West Germanic languages"},
["gmx"] = {"Magoma"},
["gmy"] = {"Mycenaean Greek"},
["gmz"] = {"Mgbolizhia"},
["gna"] = {"Kaansa"},
["gnb"] = {"Gangte"},
["gnc"] = {"Guanche"},
["gnd"] = {"Zulgo-Gemzek"},
["gne"] = {"Ganang"},
["gng"] = {"Ngangam"},
["gnh"] = {"Lere"},
["gni"] = {"Gooniyandi"},
["gnj"] = {"Ngen"},
["gnk"] = {"ǁGana"},
["gnl"] = {"Gangulu"},
["gnm"] = {"Ginuman"},
["gnn"] = {"Gumatj"},
["gno"] = {"Northern Gondi"},
["gnq"] = {"Gana"},
["gnr"] = {"Gureng Gureng"},
["gnt"] = {"Guntai"},
["gnu"] = {"Gnau"},
["gnw"] = {"Western Bolivian Guaraní"},
["gnz"] = {"Ganzi"},
["goa"] = {"Guro"},
["gob"] = {"Playero"},
["goc"] = {"Gorakor"},
["god"] = {"Godié"},
["goe"] = {"Gongduk"},
["gof"] = {"Gofa"},
["gog"] = {"Gogo"},
["goh"] = {"Old High German (ca. 750-1050)"},
["goi"] = {"Gobasi"},
["goj"] = {"Gowlan"},
["gok"] = {"Gowli"},
["gol"] = {"Gola"},
["gom"] = {"Goan Konkani"},
["gon"] = {"Gondi"},
["goo"] = {"Gone Dau"},
["gop"] = {"Yeretuar"},
["goq"] = {"Gorap"},
["gor"] = {"Gorontalo"},
["gos"] = {"Gronings"},
["got"] = {"Gothic"},
["gou"] = {"Gavar"},
["gov"] = {"Goo"},
["gow"] = {"Gorowa"},
["gox"] = {"Gobu"},
["goy"] = {"Goundo"},
["goz"] = {"Gozarkhani"},
["gpa"] = {"Gupa-Abawa"},
["gpe"] = {"Ghanaian Pidgin English"},
["gpn"] = {"Taiap"},
["gqa"] = {"Ga'anda"},
["gqi"] = {"Guiqiong"},
["gqn"] = {"Guana (Brazil)"},
["gqr"] = {"Gor"},
["gqu"] = {"Qau"},
["gra"] = {"Rajput Garasia"},
["grb"] = {"Grebo"},
["grc"] = {"Ancient Greek (to 1453)"},
["grd"] = {"Guruntum-Mbaaru"},
["grg"] = {"Madi"},
["grh"] = {"Gbiri-Niragu"},
["gri"] = {"Ghari"},
["grj"] = {"Southern Grebo"},
["grk"] = {"Greek languages"},
["grm"] = {"Kota Marudu Talantang"},
["gro"] = {"Groma"},
["grq"] = {"Gorovu"},
["grr"] = {"Taznatit"},
["grs"] = {"Gresi"},
["grt"] = {"Garo"},
["gru"] = {"Kistane"},
["grv"] = {"Central Grebo"},
["grw"] = {"Gweda"},
["grx"] = {"Guriaso"},
["gry"] = {"Barclayville Grebo"},
["grz"] = {"Guramalum"},
["gse"] = {"Ghanaian Sign Language"},
["gsg"] = {"German Sign Language"},
["gsl"] = {"Gusilay"},
["gsm"] = {"Guatemalan Sign Language"},
["gsn"] = {"Nema", "Gusan"},
["gso"] = {"Southwest Gbaya"},
["gsp"] = {"Wasembo"},
["gss"] = {"Greek Sign Language"},
["gsw"] = {"Swiss German", "Alemannic", "Alsatian"},
["gta"] = {"Guató"},
["gtu"] = {"Aghu-Tharnggala"},
["gua"] = {"Shiki"},
["gub"] = {"Guajajára"},
["guc"] = {"Wayuu"},
["gud"] = {"Yocoboué Dida"},
["gue"] = {"Gurindji"},
["guf"] = {"Gupapuyngu"},
["gug"] = {"Paraguayan Guaraní"},
["guh"] = {"Guahibo"},
["gui"] = {"Eastern Bolivian Guaraní"},
["guk"] = {"Gumuz"},
["gul"] = {"Sea Island Creole English"},
["gum"] = {"Guambiano"},
["gun"] = {"Mbyá Guaraní"},
["guo"] = {"Guayabero"},
["gup"] = {"Gunwinggu"},
["guq"] = {"Aché"},
["gur"] = {"Farefare"},
["gus"] = {"Guinean Sign Language"},
["gut"] = {"Maléku Jaíka"},
["guu"] = {"Yanomamö"},
["guw"] = {"Gun"},
["gux"] = {"Gourmanchéma"},
["guz"] = {"Gusii", "Ekegusii"},
["gva"] = {"Guana (Paraguay)"},
["gvc"] = {"Guanano"},
["gve"] = {"Duwet"},
["gvf"] = {"Golin"},
["gvj"] = {"Guajá"},
["gvl"] = {"Gulay"},
["gvm"] = {"Gurmana"},
["gvn"] = {"Kuku-Yalanji"},
["gvo"] = {"Gavião Do Jiparaná"},
["gvp"] = {"Pará Gavião"},
["gvr"] = {"Gurung"},
["gvs"] = {"Gumawana"},
["gvy"] = {"Guyani"},
["gwa"] = {"Mbato"},
["gwb"] = {"Gwa"},
["gwc"] = {"Gawri", "Kalami"},
["gwd"] = {"Gawwada"},
["gwe"] = {"Gweno"},
["gwf"] = {"Gowro"},
["gwg"] = {"Moo"},
["gwi"] = {"Gwichʼin"},
["gwj"] = {"ǀGwi"},
["gwm"] = {"Awngthim"},
["gwn"] = {"Gwandara"},
["gwr"] = {"Gwere"},
["gwt"] = {"Gawar-Bati"},
["gwu"] = {"Guwamu"},
["gww"] = {"Kwini"},
["gwx"] = {"Gua"},
["gxx"] = {"Wè Southern"},
["gya"] = {"Northwest Gbaya"},
["gyb"] = {"Garus"},
["gyd"] = {"Kayardild"},
["gye"] = {"Gyem"},
["gyf"] = {"Gungabula"},
["gyg"] = {"Gbayi"},
["gyi"] = {"Gyele"},
["gyl"] = {"Gayil"},
["gym"] = {"Ngäbere"},
["gyn"] = {"Guyanese Creole English"},
["gyo"] = {"Gyalsumdo"},
["gyr"] = {"Guarayu"},
["gyy"] = {"Gunya"},
["gyz"] = {"Geji", "Gyaazi"},
["gza"] = {"Ganza"},
["gzi"] = {"Gazi"},
["gzn"] = {"Gane"},
["haa"] = {"Hän"},
["hab"] = {"Hanoi Sign Language"},
["hac"] = {"Gurani"},
["had"] = {"Hatam"},
["hae"] = {"Eastern Oromo"},
["haf"] = {"Haiphong Sign Language"},
["hag"] = {"Hanga"},
["hah"] = {"Hahon"},
["hai"] = {"Haida"},
["haj"] = {"Hajong"},
["hak"] = {"Hakka Chinese"},
["hal"] = {"Halang"},
["ham"] = {"Hewa"},
["han"] = {"Hangaza"},
["hao"] = {"Hakö"},
["hap"] = {"Hupla"},
["haq"] = {"Ha"},
["har"] = {"Harari"},
["has"] = {"Haisla"},
["hav"] = {"Havu"},
["haw"] = {"Hawaiian"},
["hax"] = {"Southern Haida"},
["hay"] = {"Haya"},
["haz"] = {"Hazaragi"},
["hba"] = {"Hamba"},
["hbb"] = {"Huba"},
["hbn"] = {"Heiban"},
["hbo"] = {"Ancient Hebrew"},
["hbu"] = {"Habu"},
["hca"] = {"Andaman Creole Hindi"},
["hch"] = {"Huichol"},
["hdn"] = {"Northern Haida"},
["hds"] = {"Honduras Sign Language"},
["hdy"] = {"Hadiyya"},
["hea"] = {"Northern Qiandong Miao"},
["hed"] = {"Herdé"},
["heg"] = {"Helong"},
["heh"] = {"Hehe"},
["hei"] = {"Heiltsuk"},
["hem"] = {"Hemba"},
["hgm"] = {"Haiǁom"},
["hgw"] = {"Haigwai"},
["hhi"] = {"Hoia Hoia"},
["hhr"] = {"Kerak"},
["hhy"] = {"Hoyahoya"},
["hia"] = {"Lamang"},
["hib"] = {"Hibito"},
["hid"] = {"Hidatsa"},
["hif"] = {"Fiji Hindi"},
["hig"] = {"Kamwe"},
["hih"] = {"Pamosu"},
["hii"] = {"Hinduri"},
["hij"] = {"Hijuk"},
["hik"] = {"Seit-Kaitetu"},
["hil"] = {"Hiligaynon"},
["him"] = {"Himachali languages", "Western Pahari languages"},
["hio"] = {"Tsoa"},
["hir"] = {"Himarimã"},
["hit"] = {"Hittite"},
["hiw"] = {"Hiw"},
["hix"] = {"Hixkaryána"},
["hji"] = {"Haji"},
["hka"] = {"Kahe"},
["hke"] = {"Hunde"},
["hkh"] = {"Khah", "Poguli"},
["hkk"] = {"Hunjara-Kaina Ke"},
["hkn"] = {"Mel-Khaonh"},
["hks"] = {"Hong Kong Sign Language", "Heung Kong Sau Yue"},
["hla"] = {"Halia"},
["hlb"] = {"Halbi"},
["hld"] = {"Halang Doan"},
["hle"] = {"Hlersu"},
["hlt"] = {"Matu Chin"},
["hlu"] = {"Hieroglyphic Luwian"},
["hma"] = {"Southern Mashan Hmong", "Southern Mashan Miao"},
["hmb"] = {"Humburi Senni Songhay"},
["hmc"] = {"Central Huishui Hmong", "Central Huishui Miao"},
["hmd"] = {"Large Flowery Miao", "A-hmaos", "Da-Hua Miao"},
["hme"] = {"Eastern Huishui Hmong", "Eastern Huishui Miao"},
["hmf"] = {"Hmong Don"},
["hmg"] = {"Southwestern Guiyang Hmong"},
["hmh"] = {"Southwestern Huishui Hmong", "Southwestern Huishui Miao"},
["hmi"] = {"Northern Huishui Hmong", "Northern Huishui Miao"},
["hmj"] = {"Ge", "Gejia"},
["hmk"] = {"Maek"},
["hml"] = {"Luopohe Hmong", "Luopohe Miao"},
["hmm"] = {"Central Mashan Hmong", "Central Mashan Miao"},
["hmn"] = {"Hmong", "Mong"},
["hmp"] = {"Northern Mashan Hmong", "Northern Mashan Miao"},
["hmq"] = {"Eastern Qiandong Miao"},
["hmr"] = {"Hmar"},
["hms"] = {"Southern Qiandong Miao"},
["hmt"] = {"Hamtai"},
["hmu"] = {"Hamap"},
["hmv"] = {"Hmong Dô"},
["hmw"] = {"Western Mashan Hmong", "Western Mashan Miao"},
["hmx"] = {"Hmong-Mien languages"},
["hmy"] = {"Southern Guiyang Hmong", "Southern Guiyang Miao"},
["hmz"] = {"Hmong Shua", "Sinicized Miao"},
["hna"] = {"Mina (Cameroon)"},
["hnd"] = {"Southern Hindko"},
["hne"] = {"Chhattisgarhi"},
["hng"] = {"Hungu"},
["hnh"] = {"ǁAni"},
["hni"] = {"Hani"},
["hnj"] = {"Hmong Njua", "Mong Leng", "Mong Njua"},
["hnm"] = {"Hainanese"},
["hnn"] = {"Hanunoo"},
["hno"] = {"Northern Hindko"},
["hns"] = {"Caribbean Hindustani"},
["hnu"] = {"Hung"},
["hoa"] = {"Hoava"},
["hob"] = {"Mari (Madang Province)"},
["hoc"] = {"Ho"},
["hod"] = {"Holma"},
["hoe"] = {"Horom"},
["hoh"] = {"Hobyót"},
["hoi"] = {"Holikachuk"},
["hoj"] = {"Hadothi", "Haroti"},
["hok"] = {"Hokan languages"},
["hol"] = {"Holu"},
["hom"] = {"Homa"},
["hoo"] = {"Holoholo"},
["hop"] = {"Hopi"},
["hor"] = {"Horo"},
["hos"] = {"Ho Chi Minh City Sign Language"},
["hot"] = {"Hote", "Malê"},
["hov"] = {"Hovongan"},
["how"] = {"Honi"},
["hoy"] = {"Holiya"},
["hoz"] = {"Hozo"},
["hpo"] = {"Hpon"},
["hps"] = {"Hawai'i Sign Language (HSL)", "Hawai'i Pidgin Sign Language"},
["hra"] = {"Hrangkhol"},
["hrc"] = {"Niwer Mil"},
["hre"] = {"Hre"},
["hrk"] = {"Haruku"},
["hrm"] = {"Horned Miao"},
["hro"] = {"Haroi"},
["hrp"] = {"Nhirrpi"},
["hrt"] = {"Hértevin"},
["hru"] = {"Hruso"},
["hrw"] = {"Warwar Feni"},
["hrx"] = {"Hunsrik"},
["hrz"] = {"Harzani"},
["hsb"] = {"Upper Sorbian"},
["hsh"] = {"Hungarian Sign Language"},
["hsl"] = {"Hausa Sign Language"},
["hsn"] = {"Xiang Chinese"},
["hss"] = {"Harsusi"},
["hti"] = {"Hoti"},
["hto"] = {"Minica Huitoto"},
["hts"] = {"Hadza"},
["htu"] = {"Hitu"},
["htx"] = {"Middle Hittite"},
["hub"] = {"Huambisa"},
["huc"] = {"ǂHua", "ǂʼAmkhoe"},
["hud"] = {"Huaulu"},
["hue"] = {"San Francisco Del Mar Huave"},
["huf"] = {"Humene"},
["hug"] = {"Huachipaeri"},
["huh"] = {"Huilliche"},
["hui"] = {"Huli"},
["huj"] = {"Northern Guiyang Hmong", "Northern Guiyang Miao"},
["huk"] = {"Hulung"},
["hul"] = {"Hula"},
["hum"] = {"Hungana"},
["huo"] = {"Hu"},
["hup"] = {"Hupa"},
["huq"] = {"Tsat"},
["hur"] = {"Halkomelem"},
["hus"] = {"Huastec"},
["hut"] = {"Humla"},
["huu"] = {"Murui Huitoto"},
["huv"] = {"San Mateo Del Mar Huave"},
["huw"] = {"Hukumina"},
["hux"] = {"Nüpode Huitoto"},
["huy"] = {"Hulaulá"},
["huz"] = {"Hunzib"},
["hvc"] = {"Haitian Vodoun Culture Language"},
["hve"] = {"San Dionisio Del Mar Huave"},
["hvk"] = {"Haveke"},
["hvn"] = {"Sabu"},
["hvv"] = {"Santa María Del Mar Huave"},
["hwa"] = {"Wané"},
["hwc"] = {"Hawai'i Creole English", "Hawai'i Pidgin"},
["hwo"] = {"Hwana"},
["hya"] = {"Hya"},
["hyw"] = {"Western Armenian"},
["hyx"] = {"Armenian (family)"},
["iai"] = {"Iaai"},
["ian"] = {"Iatmul"},
["iar"] = {"Purari"},
["iba"] = {"Iban"},
["ibb"] = {"Ibibio"},
["ibd"] = {"Iwaidja"},
["ibe"] = {"Akpes"},
["ibg"] = {"Ibanag"},
["ibh"] = {"Bih"},
["ibl"] = {"Ibaloi"},
["ibm"] = {"Agoi"},
["ibn"] = {"Ibino"},
["ibr"] = {"Ibuoro"},
["ibu"] = {"Ibu"},
["iby"] = {"Ibani"},
["ica"] = {"Ede Ica"},
["ich"] = {"Etkywan"},
["icl"] = {"Icelandic Sign Language"},
["icr"] = {"Islander Creole English"},
["ida"] = {"Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki", "Luidakho-Luisukha-Lutirichi"},
["idb"] = {"Indo-Portuguese"},
["idc"] = {"Idon", "Ajiya"},
["idd"] = {"Ede Idaca"},
["ide"] = {"Idere"},
["idi"] = {"Idi"},
["idr"] = {"Indri"},
["ids"] = {"Idesa"},
["idt"] = {"Idaté"},
["idu"] = {"Idoma"},
["ifa"] = {"Amganad Ifugao"},
["ifb"] = {"Batad Ifugao", "Ayangan Ifugao"},
["ife"] = {"Ifè"},
["iff"] = {"Ifo"},
["ifk"] = {"Tuwali Ifugao"},
["ifm"] = {"Teke-Fuumu"},
["ifu"] = {"Mayoyao Ifugao"},
["ify"] = {"Keley-I Kallahan"},
["igb"] = {"Ebira"},
["ige"] = {"Igede"},
["igg"] = {"Igana"},
["igl"] = {"Igala"},
["igm"] = {"Kanggape"},
["ign"] = {"Ignaciano"},
["igo"] = {"Isebe"},
["igs"] = {"Interglossa"},
["igw"] = {"Igwe"},
["ihb"] = {"Iha Based Pidgin"},
["ihi"] = {"Ihievbe"},
["ihp"] = {"Iha"},
["ihw"] = {"Bidhawal"},
["iin"] = {"Thiin"},
["iir"] = {"Indo-Iranian languages"},
["ijc"] = {"Izon"},
["ije"] = {"Biseni"},
["ijj"] = {"Ede Ije"},
["ijn"] = {"Kalabari"},
["ijo"] = {"Ijo languages"},
["ijs"] = {"Southeast Ijo"},
["ike"] = {"Eastern Canadian Inuktitut"},
["ikh"] = {"Ikhin-Arokho"},
["iki"] = {"Iko"},
["ikk"] = {"Ika"},
["ikl"] = {"Ikulu"},
["iko"] = {"Olulumo-Ikom"},
["ikp"] = {"Ikpeshi"},
["ikr"] = {"Ikaranggal"},
["iks"] = {"Inuit Sign Language"},
["ikt"] = {"Inuinnaqtun", "Western Canadian Inuktitut"},
["ikv"] = {"Iku-Gora-Ankwa"},
["ikw"] = {"Ikwere"},
["ikx"] = {"Ik"},
["ikz"] = {"Ikizu"},
["ila"] = {"Ile Ape"},
["ilb"] = {"Ila"},
["ilg"] = {"Garig-Ilgar"},
["ili"] = {"Ili Turki"},
["ilk"] = {"Ilongot"},
["ilm"] = {"Iranun (Malaysia)"},
["ilo"] = {"Iloko"},
["ilp"] = {"Iranun (Philippines)"},
["ils"] = {"International Sign"},
["ilu"] = {"Ili'uun"},
["ilv"] = {"Ilue"},
["ima"] = {"Mala Malasar"},
["imi"] = {"Anamgura"},
["iml"] = {"Miluk"},
["imn"] = {"Imonda"},
["imo"] = {"Imbongu"},
["imr"] = {"Imroing"},
["ims"] = {"Marsian"},
["imt"] = {"Imotong"},
["imy"] = {"Milyan"},
["inb"] = {"Inga"},
["inc"] = {"Indic languages"},
["ine"] = {"Indo-European languages"},
["ing"] = {"Degexit'an"},
["inh"] = {"Ingush"},
["inj"] = {"Jungle Inga"},
["inl"] = {"Indonesian Sign Language"},
["inm"] = {"Minaean"},
["inn"] = {"Isinai"},
["ino"] = {"Inoke-Yate"},
["inp"] = {"Iñapari"},
["ins"] = {"Indian Sign Language"},
["int"] = {"Intha"},
["inz"] = {"Ineseño"},
["ior"] = {"Inor"},
["iou"] = {"Tuma-Irumu"},
["iow"] = {"Iowa-Oto"},
["ipi"] = {"Ipili"},
["ipo"] = {"Ipiko"},
["iqu"] = {"Iquito"},
["iqw"] = {"Ikwo"},
["ira"] = {"Iranian languages"},
["ire"] = {"Iresim"},
["irh"] = {"Irarutu"},
["iri"] = {"Rigwe", "Irigwe"},
["irk"] = {"Iraqw"},
["irn"] = {"Irántxe"},
["iro"] = {"Iroquoian languages"},
["irr"] = {"Ir"},
["iru"] = {"Irula"},
["irx"] = {"Kamberau"},
["iry"] = {"Iraya"},
["isa"] = {"Isabi"},
["isc"] = {"Isconahua"},
["isd"] = {"Isnag"},
["ise"] = {"Italian Sign Language"},
["isg"] = {"Irish Sign Language"},
["ish"] = {"Esan"},
["isi"] = {"Nkem-Nkum"},
["isk"] = {"Ishkashimi"},
["ism"] = {"Masimasi"},
["isn"] = {"Isanzu"},
["iso"] = {"Isoko"},
["isr"] = {"Israeli Sign Language"},
["ist"] = {"Istriot"},
["isu"] = {"Isu", "Isu (Menchum Division)"},
["isv"] = {"Interslavic"},
["itb"] = {"Binongan Itneg"},
["itc"] = {"Italic languages"},
["itd"] = {"Southern Tidung"},
["ite"] = {"Itene"},
["iti"] = {"Inlaod Itneg"},
["itk"] = {"Judeo-Italian"},
["itl"] = {"Itelmen"},
["itm"] = {"Itu Mbon Uzo"},
["ito"] = {"Itonama"},
["itr"] = {"Iteri"},
["its"] = {"Isekiri"},
["itt"] = {"Maeng Itneg"},
["itv"] = {"Itawit"},
["itw"] = {"Ito"},
["itx"] = {"Itik"},
["ity"] = {"Moyadan Itneg"},
["itz"] = {"Itzá"},
["ium"] = {"Iu Mien"},
["ivb"] = {"Ibatan"},
["ivv"] = {"Ivatan"},
["iwk"] = {"I-Wak"},
["iwm"] = {"Iwam"},
["iwo"] = {"Iwur"},
["iws"] = {"Sepik Iwam"},
["ixc"] = {"Ixcatec"},
["ixl"] = {"Ixil"},
["iya"] = {"Iyayu"},
["iyo"] = {"Mesaka"},
["iyx"] = {"Yaka (Congo)"},
["izh"] = {"Ingrian"},
["izm"] = {"Kizamani"},
["izr"] = {"Izere"},
["izz"] = {"Izii"},
["jaa"] = {"Jamamadí"},
["jab"] = {"Hyam"},
["jac"] = {"Popti'", "Jakalteko"},
["jad"] = {"Jahanka"},
["jae"] = {"Yabem"},
["jaf"] = {"Jara"},
["jah"] = {"Jah Hut"},
["jaj"] = {"Zazao"},
["jak"] = {"Jakun"},
["jal"] = {"Yalahatan"},
["jam"] = {"Jamaican Creole English"},
["jan"] = {"Jandai"},
["jao"] = {"Yanyuwa"},
["jaq"] = {"Yaqay"},
["jas"] = {"New Caledonian Javanese"},
["jat"] = {"Jakati"},
["jau"] = {"Yaur"},
["jax"] = {"Jambi Malay"},
["jay"] = {"Yan-nhangu", "Nhangu"},
["jaz"] = {"Jawe"},
["jbe"] = {"Judeo-Berber"},
["jbi"] = {"Badjiri"},
["jbj"] = {"Arandai"},
["jbk"] = {"Barikewa"},
["jbm"] = {"Bijim"},
["jbn"] = {"Nafusi"},
["jbo"] = {"Lojban"},
["jbr"] = {"Jofotek-Bromnya"},
["jbt"] = {"Jabutí"},
["jbu"] = {"Jukun Takum"},
["jbw"] = {"Yawijibaya"},
["jcs"] = {"Jamaican Country Sign Language"},
["jct"] = {"Krymchak"},
["jda"] = {"Jad"},
["jdg"] = {"Jadgali"},
["jdt"] = {"Judeo-Tat"},
["jeb"] = {"Jebero"},
["jee"] = {"Jerung"},
["jeh"] = {"Jeh"},
["jei"] = {"Yei"},
["jek"] = {"Jeri Kuo"},
["jel"] = {"Yelmek"},
["jen"] = {"Dza"},
["jer"] = {"Jere"},
["jet"] = {"Manem"},
["jeu"] = {"Jonkor Bourmataguil"},
["jgb"] = {"Ngbee"},
["jge"] = {"Judeo-Georgian"},
["jgk"] = {"Gwak"},
["jgo"] = {"Ngomba"},
["jhi"] = {"Jehai"},
["jhs"] = {"Jhankot Sign Language"},
["jia"] = {"Jina"},
["jib"] = {"Jibu"},
["jic"] = {"Tol"},
["jid"] = {"Bu (Kaduna State)"},
["jie"] = {"Jilbe"},
["jig"] = {"Jingulu", "Djingili"},
["jih"] = {"sTodsde", "Shangzhai"},
["jii"] = {"Jiiddu"},
["jil"] = {"Jilim"},
["jim"] = {"Jimi (Cameroon)"},
["jio"] = {"Jiamao"},
["jiq"] = {"Guanyinqiao", "Lavrung"},
["jit"] = {"Jita"},
["jiu"] = {"Youle Jinuo"},
["jiv"] = {"Shuar"},
["jiy"] = {"Buyuan Jinuo"},
["jje"] = {"Jejueo"},
["jjr"] = {"Bankal"},
["jka"] = {"Kaera"},
["jkm"] = {"Mobwa Karen"},
["jko"] = {"Kubo"},
["jkp"] = {"Paku Karen"},
["jkr"] = {"Koro (India)"},
["jks"] = {"Amami Koniya Sign Language"},
["jku"] = {"Labir"},
["jle"] = {"Ngile"},
["jls"] = {"Jamaican Sign Language"},
["jma"] = {"Dima"},
["jmb"] = {"Zumbun"},
["jmc"] = {"Machame"},
["jmd"] = {"Yamdena"},
["jmi"] = {"Jimi (Nigeria)"},
["jml"] = {"Jumli"},
["jmn"] = {"Makuri Naga"},
["jmr"] = {"Kamara"},
["jms"] = {"Mashi (Nigeria)"},
["jmw"] = {"Mouwase"},
["jmx"] = {"Western Juxtlahuaca Mixtec"},
["jna"] = {"Jangshung"},
["jnd"] = {"Jandavra"},
["jng"] = {"Yangman"},
["jni"] = {"Janji"},
["jnj"] = {"Yemsa"},
["jnl"] = {"Rawat"},
["jns"] = {"Jaunsari"},
["job"] = {"Joba"},
["jod"] = {"Wojenaka"},
["jog"] = {"Jogi"},
["jor"] = {"Jorá"},
["jos"] = {"Jordanian Sign Language"},
["jow"] = {"Jowulu"},
["jpa"] = {"Jewish Palestinian Aramaic"},
["jpr"] = {"Judeo-Persian"},
["jpx"] = {"Japanese (family)"},
["jqr"] = {"Jaqaru"},
["jra"] = {"Jarai"},
["jrb"] = {"Judeo-Arabic"},
["jrr"] = {"Jiru"},
["jrt"] = {"Jakattoe"},
["jru"] = {"Japrería"},
["jsl"] = {"Japanese Sign Language"},
["jua"] = {"Júma"},
["jub"] = {"Wannu"},
["juc"] = {"Jurchen"},
["jud"] = {"Worodougou"},
["juh"] = {"Hõne"},
["jui"] = {"Ngadjuri"},
["juk"] = {"Wapan"},
["jul"] = {"Jirel"},
["jum"] = {"Jumjum"},
["jun"] = {"Juang"},
["juo"] = {"Jiba"},
["jup"] = {"Hupdë"},
["jur"] = {"Jurúna"},
["jus"] = {"Jumla Sign Language"},
["jut"] = {"Jutish"},
["juu"] = {"Ju"},
["juw"] = {"Wãpha"},
["juy"] = {"Juray"},
["jvd"] = {"Javindo"},
["jvn"] = {"Caribbean Javanese"},
["jwi"] = {"Jwira-Pepesa"},
["jya"] = {"Jiarong"},
["jye"] = {"Judeo-Yemeni Arabic"},
["jyy"] = {"Jaya"},
["kaa"] = {"Kara-Kalpak", "Karakalpak"},
["kab"] = {"Kabyle"},
["kac"] = {"Kachin", "Jingpho"},
["kad"] = {"Adara"},
["kae"] = {"Ketangalan"},
["kaf"] = {"Katso"},
["kag"] = {"Kajaman"},
["kah"] = {"Kara (Central African Republic)"},
["kai"] = {"Karekare"},
["kaj"] = {"Jju"},
["kak"] = {"Kalanguya", "Kayapa Kallahan"},
["kam"] = {"Kamba (Kenya)"},
["kao"] = {"Xaasongaxango"},
["kap"] = {"Bezhta"},
["kaq"] = {"Capanahua"},
["kar"] = {"Karen languages"},
["kav"] = {"Katukína"},
["kaw"] = {"Kawi"},
["kax"] = {"Kao"},
["kay"] = {"Kamayurá"},
["kba"] = {"Kalarko"},
["kbb"] = {"Kaxuiâna"},
["kbc"] = {"Kadiwéu"},
["kbd"] = {"Kabardian"},
["kbe"] = {"Kanju"},
["kbg"] = {"Khamba"},
["kbh"] = {"Camsá"},
["kbi"] = {"Kaptiau"},
["kbj"] = {"Kari"},
["kbk"] = {"Grass Koiari"},
["kbl"] = {"Kanembu"},
["kbm"] = {"Iwal"},
["kbn"] = {"Kare (Central African Republic)"},
["kbo"] = {"Keliko"},
["kbp"] = {"Kabiyè"},
["kbq"] = {"Kamano"},
["kbr"] = {"Kafa"},
["kbs"] = {"Kande"},
["kbt"] = {"Abadi"},
["kbu"] = {"Kabutra"},
["kbv"] = {"Dera (Indonesia)"},
["kbw"] = {"Kaiep"},
["kbx"] = {"Ap Ma"},
["kby"] = {"Manga Kanuri"},
["kbz"] = {"Duhwa"},
["kca"] = {"Khanty"},
["kcb"] = {"Kawacha"},
["kcc"] = {"Lubila"},
["kcd"] = {"Ngkâlmpw Kanum"},
["kce"] = {"Kaivi"},
["kcf"] = {"Ukaan"},
["kcg"] = {"Tyap"},
["kch"] = {"Vono"},
["kci"] = {"Ngyian", "Kamantan"},
["kcj"] = {"Kobiana"},
["kck"] = {"Kalanga"},
["kcl"] = {"Kela (Papua New Guinea)", "Kala"},
["kcm"] = {"Gula (Central African Republic)"},
["kcn"] = {"Nubi"},
["kco"] = {"Kinalakna"},
["kcp"] = {"Kanga"},
["kcq"] = {"Kamo"},
["kcr"] = {"Katla"},
["kcs"] = {"Koenoem"},
["kct"] = {"Kaian"},
["kcu"] = {"Kami (Tanzania)"},
["kcv"] = {"Kete"},
["kcw"] = {"Kabwari"},
["kcx"] = {"Kachama-Ganjule"},
["kcy"] = {"Korandje"},
["kcz"] = {"Konongo"},
["kda"] = {"Worimi"},
["kdc"] = {"Kutu"},
["kdd"] = {"Yankunytjatjara"},
["kde"] = {"Makonde"},
["kdf"] = {"Mamusi"},
["kdg"] = {"Seba"},
["kdh"] = {"Tem"},
["kdi"] = {"Kumam"},
["kdj"] = {"Karamojong"},
["kdk"] = {"Numèè", "Kwényi"},
["kdl"] = {"Tsikimba"},
["kdm"] = {"Kagoma"},
["kdn"] = {"Kunda"},
["kdo"] = {"Kordofanian languages"},
["kdp"] = {"Kaningdon-Nindem"},
["kdq"] = {"Koch"},
["kdr"] = {"Karaim"},
["kdt"] = {"Kuy"},
["kdu"] = {"Kadaru"},
["kdw"] = {"Koneraw"},
["kdx"] = {"Kam"},
["kdy"] = {"Keder", "Keijar"},
["kdz"] = {"Kwaja"},
["kea"] = {"Kabuverdianu"},
["keb"] = {"Kélé"},
["kec"] = {"Keiga"},
["ked"] = {"Kerewe"},
["kee"] = {"Eastern Keres"},
["kef"] = {"Kpessi"},
["keg"] = {"Tese"},
["keh"] = {"Keak"},
["kei"] = {"Kei"},
["kej"] = {"Kadar"},
["kek"] = {"Kekchí"},
["kel"] = {"Kela (Democratic Republic of Congo)"},
["kem"] = {"Kemak"},
["ken"] = {"Kenyang"},
["keo"] = {"Kakwa"},
["kep"] = {"Kaikadi"},
["keq"] = {"Kamar"},
["ker"] = {"Kera"},
["kes"] = {"Kugbo"},
["ket"] = {"Ket"},
["keu"] = {"Akebu"},
["kev"] = {"Kanikkaran"},
["kew"] = {"West Kewa"},
["kex"] = {"Kukna"},
["key"] = {"Kupia"},
["kez"] = {"Kukele"},
["kfa"] = {"Kodava"},
["kfb"] = {"Northwestern Kolami"},
["kfc"] = {"Konda-Dora"},
["kfd"] = {"Korra Koraga"},
["kfe"] = {"Kota (India)"},
["kff"] = {"Koya"},
["kfg"] = {"Kudiya"},
["kfh"] = {"Kurichiya"},
["kfi"] = {"Kannada Kurumba"},
["kfj"] = {"Kemiehua"},
["kfk"] = {"Kinnauri"},
["kfl"] = {"Kung"},
["kfm"] = {"Khunsari"},
["kfn"] = {"Kuk"},
["kfo"] = {"Koro (Côte d'Ivoire)"},
["kfp"] = {"Korwa"},
["kfq"] = {"Korku"},
["kfr"] = {"Kachhi", "Kutchi"},
["kfs"] = {"Bilaspuri"},
["kft"] = {"Kanjari"},
["kfu"] = {"Katkari"},
["kfv"] = {"Kurmukar"},
["kfw"] = {"Kharam Naga"},
["kfx"] = {"Kullu Pahari"},
["kfy"] = {"Kumaoni"},
["kfz"] = {"Koromfé"},
["kga"] = {"Koyaga"},
["kgb"] = {"Kawe"},
["kge"] = {"Komering"},
["kgf"] = {"Kube"},
["kgg"] = {"Kusunda"},
["kgi"] = {"Selangor Sign Language"},
["kgj"] = {"Gamale Kham"},
["kgk"] = {"Kaiwá"},
["kgl"] = {"Kunggari"},
["kgn"] = {"Karingani"},
["kgo"] = {"Krongo"},
["kgp"] = {"Kaingang"},
["kgq"] = {"Kamoro"},
["kgr"] = {"Abun"},
["kgs"] = {"Kumbainggar"},
["kgt"] = {"Somyev"},
["kgu"] = {"Kobol"},
["kgv"] = {"Karas"},
["kgw"] = {"Karon Dori"},
["kgx"] = {"Kamaru"},
["kgy"] = {"Kyerung"},
["kha"] = {"Khasi"},
["khb"] = {"Lü"},
["khc"] = {"Tukang Besi North"},
["khd"] = {"Bädi Kanum"},
["khe"] = {"Korowai"},
["khf"] = {"Khuen"},
["khg"] = {"Khams Tibetan"},
["khh"] = {"Kehu"},
["khi"] = {"Khoisan languages"},
["khj"] = {"Kuturmi"},
["khk"] = {"Halh Mongolian"},
["khl"] = {"Lusi"},
["khn"] = {"Khandesi"},
["kho"] = {"Khotanese", "Sakan"},
["khp"] = {"Kapori", "Kapauri"},
["khq"] = {"Koyra Chiini Songhay"},
["khr"] = {"Kharia"},
["khs"] = {"Kasua"},
["kht"] = {"Khamti"},
["khu"] = {"Nkhumbi"},
["khv"] = {"Khvarshi"},
["khw"] = {"Khowar"},
["khx"] = {"Kanu"},
["khy"] = {"Kele (Democratic Republic of Congo)"},
["khz"] = {"Keapara"},
["kia"] = {"Kim"},
["kib"] = {"Koalib"},
["kic"] = {"Kickapoo"},
["kid"] = {"Koshin"},
["kie"] = {"Kibet"},
["kif"] = {"Eastern Parbate Kham"},
["kig"] = {"Kimaama", "Kimaghima"},
["kih"] = {"Kilmeri"},
["kii"] = {"Kitsai"},
["kij"] = {"Kilivila"},
["kil"] = {"Kariya"},
["kim"] = {"Karagas"},
["kio"] = {"Kiowa"},
["kip"] = {"Sheshi Kham"},
["kiq"] = {"Kosadle", "Kosare"},
["kis"] = {"Kis"},
["kit"] = {"Agob"},
["kiu"] = {"Kirmanjki (individual language)"},
["kiv"] = {"Kimbu"},
["kiw"] = {"Northeast Kiwai"},
["kix"] = {"Khiamniungan Naga"},
["kiy"] = {"Kirikiri"},
["kiz"] = {"Kisi"},
["kja"] = {"Mlap"},
["kjb"] = {"Q'anjob'al", "Kanjobal"},
["kjc"] = {"Coastal Konjo"},
["kjd"] = {"Southern Kiwai"},
["kje"] = {"Kisar"},
["kjg"] = {"Khmu"},
["kjh"] = {"Khakas"},
["kji"] = {"Zabana"},
["kjj"] = {"Khinalugh"},
["kjk"] = {"Highland Konjo"},
["kjl"] = {"Western Parbate Kham"},
["kjm"] = {"Kháng"},
["kjn"] = {"Kunjen"},
["kjo"] = {"Kinnauri Pahari"},
["kjp"] = {"Pwo Eastern Karen"},
["kjq"] = {"Western Keres"},
["kjr"] = {"Kurudu"},
["kjs"] = {"East Kewa"},
["kjt"] = {"Phrae Pwo Karen"},
["kju"] = {"Kashaya"},
["kjv"] = {"Kaikavian Literary Language"},
["kjx"] = {"Ramopa"},
["kjy"] = {"Erave"},
["kjz"] = {"Bumthangkha"},
["kka"] = {"Kakanda"},
["kkb"] = {"Kwerisa"},
["kkc"] = {"Odoodee"},
["kkd"] = {"Kinuku"},
["kke"] = {"Kakabe"},
["kkf"] = {"Kalaktang Monpa"},
["kkg"] = {"Mabaka Valley Kalinga"},
["kkh"] = {"Khün"},
["kki"] = {"Kagulu"},
["kkj"] = {"Kako"},
["kkk"] = {"Kokota"},
["kkl"] = {"Kosarek Yale"},
["kkm"] = {"Kiong"},
["kkn"] = {"Kon Keu"},
["kko"] = {"Karko"},
["kkp"] = {"Gugubera", "Koko-Bera"},
["kkq"] = {"Kaeku"},
["kkr"] = {"Kir-Balar"},
["kks"] = {"Giiwo"},
["kkt"] = {"Koi"},
["kku"] = {"Tumi"},
["kkv"] = {"Kangean"},
["kkw"] = {"Teke-Kukuya"},
["kkx"] = {"Kohin"},
["kky"] = {"Guugu Yimidhirr", "Guguyimidjir"},
["kkz"] = {"Kaska"},
["kla"] = {"Klamath-Modoc"},
["klb"] = {"Kiliwa"},
["klc"] = {"Kolbila"},
["kld"] = {"Gamilaraay"},
["kle"] = {"Kulung (Nepal)"},
["klf"] = {"Kendeje"},
["klg"] = {"Tagakaulo"},
["klh"] = {"Weliki"},
["kli"] = {"Kalumpang"},
["klj"] = {"Khalaj"},
["klk"] = {"Kono (Nigeria)"},
["kll"] = {"Kagan Kalagan"},
["klm"] = {"Migum"},
["kln"] = {"Kalenjin"},
["klo"] = {"Kapya"},
["klp"] = {"Kamasa"},
["klq"] = {"Rumu"},
["klr"] = {"Khaling"},
["kls"] = {"Kalasha"},
["klt"] = {"Nukna"},
["klu"] = {"Klao"},
["klv"] = {"Maskelynes"},
["klw"] = {"Tado", "Lindu"},
["klx"] = {"Koluwawa"},
["kly"] = {"Kalao"},
["klz"] = {"Kabola"},
["kma"] = {"Konni"},
["kmb"] = {"Kimbundu"},
["kmc"] = {"Southern Dong"},
["kmd"] = {"Majukayang Kalinga"},
["kme"] = {"Bakole"},
["kmf"] = {"Kare (Papua New Guinea)"},
["kmg"] = {"Kâte"},
["kmh"] = {"Kalam"},
["kmi"] = {"Kami (Nigeria)"},
["kmj"] = {"Kumarbhag Paharia"},
["kmk"] = {"Limos Kalinga"},
["kml"] = {"Tanudan Kalinga"},
["kmm"] = {"Kom (India)"},
["kmn"] = {"Awtuw"},
["kmo"] = {"Kwoma"},
["kmp"] = {"Gimme"},
["kmq"] = {"Kwama"},
["kmr"] = {"Northern Kurdish"},
["kms"] = {"Kamasau"},
["kmt"] = {"Kemtuik"},
["kmu"] = {"Kanite"},
["kmv"] = {"Karipúna Creole French"},
["kmw"] = {"Komo (Democratic Republic of Congo)"},
["kmx"] = {"Waboda"},
["kmy"] = {"Koma"},
["kmz"] = {"Khorasani Turkish"},
["kna"] = {"Dera (Nigeria)"},
["knb"] = {"Lubuagan Kalinga"},
["knc"] = {"Central Kanuri"},
["knd"] = {"Konda"},
["kne"] = {"Kankanaey"},
["knf"] = {"Mankanya"},
["kng"] = {"Koongo"},
["kni"] = {"Kanufi"},
["knj"] = {"Western Kanjobal"},
["knk"] = {"Kuranko"},
["knl"] = {"Keninjal"},
["knm"] = {"Kanamarí"},
["knn"] = {"Konkani (individual language)"},
["kno"] = {"Kono (Sierra Leone)"},
["knp"] = {"Kwanja"},
["knq"] = {"Kintaq"},
["knr"] = {"Kaningra"},
["kns"] = {"Kensiu"},
["knt"] = {"Panoan Katukína"},
["knu"] = {"Kono (Guinea)"},
["knv"] = {"Tabo"},
["knw"] = {"Kung-Ekoka"},
["knx"] = {"Kendayan", "Salako"},
["kny"] = {"Kanyok"},
["knz"] = {"Kalamsé"},
["koa"] = {"Konomala"},
["koc"] = {"Kpati"},
["kod"] = {"Kodi"},
["koe"] = {"Kacipo-Bale Suri"},
["kof"] = {"Kubi"},
["kog"] = {"Cogui", "Kogi"},
["koh"] = {"Koyo"},
["koi"] = {"Komi-Permyak"},
["kok"] = {"Konkani (macrolanguage)"},
["kol"] = {"Kol (Papua New Guinea)"},
["koo"] = {"Konzo"},
["kop"] = {"Waube"},
["koq"] = {"Kota (Gabon)"},
["kos"] = {"Kosraean"},
["kot"] = {"Lagwan"},
["kou"] = {"Koke"},
["kov"] = {"Kudu-Camo"},
["kow"] = {"Kugama"},
["koy"] = {"Koyukon"},
["koz"] = {"Korak"},
["kpa"] = {"Kutto"},
["kpb"] = {"Mullu Kurumba"},
["kpc"] = {"Curripaco"},
["kpd"] = {"Koba"},
["kpe"] = {"Kpelle"},
["kpf"] = {"Komba"},
["kpg"] = {"Kapingamarangi"},
["kph"] = {"Kplang"},
["kpi"] = {"Kofei"},
["kpj"] = {"Karajá"},
["kpk"] = {"Kpan"},
["kpl"] = {"Kpala"},
["kpm"] = {"Koho"},
["kpn"] = {"Kepkiriwát"},
["kpo"] = {"Ikposo"},
["kpq"] = {"Korupun-Sela"},
["kpr"] = {"Korafe-Yegha"},
["kps"] = {"Tehit"},
["kpt"] = {"Karata"},
["kpu"] = {"Kafoa"},
["kpv"] = {"Komi-Zyrian"},
["kpw"] = {"Kobon"},
["kpx"] = {"Mountain Koiali"},
["kpy"] = {"Koryak"},
["kpz"] = {"Kupsabiny"},
["kqa"] = {"Mum"},
["kqb"] = {"Kovai"},
["kqc"] = {"Doromu-Koki"},
["kqd"] = {"Koy Sanjaq Surat"},
["kqe"] = {"Kalagan"},
["kqf"] = {"Kakabai"},
["kqg"] = {"Khe"},
["kqh"] = {"Kisankasa"},
["kqi"] = {"Koitabu"},
["kqj"] = {"Koromira"},
["kqk"] = {"Kotafon Gbe"},
["kql"] = {"Kyenele"},
["kqm"] = {"Khisa"},
["kqn"] = {"Kaonde"},
["kqo"] = {"Eastern Krahn"},
["kqp"] = {"Kimré"},
["kqq"] = {"Krenak"},
["kqr"] = {"Kimaragang"},
["kqs"] = {"Northern Kissi"},
["kqt"] = {"Klias River Kadazan"},
["kqu"] = {"Seroa"},
["kqv"] = {"Okolod"},
["kqw"] = {"Kandas"},
["kqx"] = {"Mser"},
["kqy"] = {"Koorete"},
["kqz"] = {"Korana"},
["kra"] = {"Kumhali"},
["krb"] = {"Karkin"},
["krc"] = {"Karachay-Balkar"},
["krd"] = {"Kairui-Midiki"},
["kre"] = {"Panará"},
["krf"] = {"Koro (Vanuatu)"},
["krh"] = {"Kurama"},
["kri"] = {"Krio"},
["krj"] = {"Kinaray-A"},
["krk"] = {"Kerek"},
["krl"] = {"Karelian"},
["krn"] = {"Sapo"},
["kro"] = {"Kru languages"},
["krp"] = {"Durop"},
["krr"] = {"Krung"},
["krs"] = {"Gbaya (Sudan)"},
["krt"] = {"Tumari Kanuri"},
["kru"] = {"Kurukh"},
["krv"] = {"Kavet"},
["krw"] = {"Western Krahn"},
["krx"] = {"Karon"},
["kry"] = {"Kryts"},
["krz"] = {"Sota Kanum"},
["ksb"] = {"Shambala"},
["ksc"] = {"Southern Kalinga"},
["ksd"] = {"Kuanua"},
["kse"] = {"Kuni"},
["ksf"] = {"Bafia"},
["ksg"] = {"Kusaghe"},
["ksh"] = {"Kölsch"},
["ksi"] = {"Krisa", "I'saka"},
["ksj"] = {"Uare"},
["ksk"] = {"Kansa"},
["ksl"] = {"Kumalu"},
["ksm"] = {"Kumba"},
["ksn"] = {"Kasiguranin"},
["kso"] = {"Kofa"},
["ksp"] = {"Kaba"},
["ksq"] = {"Kwaami"},
["ksr"] = {"Borong"},
["kss"] = {"Southern Kisi"},
["kst"] = {"Winyé"},
["ksu"] = {"Khamyang"},
["ksv"] = {"Kusu"},
["ksw"] = {"S'gaw Karen"},
["ksx"] = {"Kedang"},
["ksy"] = {"Kharia Thar"},
["ksz"] = {"Kodaku"},
["kta"] = {"Katua"},
["ktb"] = {"Kambaata"},
["ktc"] = {"Kholok"},
["ktd"] = {"Kokata", "Kukatha"},
["kte"] = {"Nubri"},
["ktf"] = {"Kwami"},
["ktg"] = {"Kalkutung"},
["kth"] = {"Karanga"},
["kti"] = {"North Muyu"},
["ktj"] = {"Plapo Krumen"},
["ktk"] = {"Kaniet"},
["ktl"] = {"Koroshi"},
["ktm"] = {"Kurti"},
["ktn"] = {"Karitiâna"},
["kto"] = {"Kuot"},
["ktp"] = {"Kaduo"},
["ktq"] = {"Katabaga"},
["kts"] = {"South Muyu"},
["ktt"] = {"Ketum"},
["ktu"] = {"Kituba (Democratic Republic of Congo)"},
["ktv"] = {"Eastern Katu"},
["ktw"] = {"Kato"},
["ktx"] = {"Kaxararí"},
["kty"] = {"Kango (Bas-Uélé District)"},
["ktz"] = {"Juǀʼhoan", "Juǀʼhoansi"},
["kub"] = {"Kutep"},
["kuc"] = {"Kwinsu"},
["kud"] = {"'Auhelawa"},
["kue"] = {"Kuman (Papua New Guinea)"},
["kuf"] = {"Western Katu"},
["kug"] = {"Kupa"},
["kuh"] = {"Kushi"},
["kui"] = {"Kuikúro-Kalapálo", "Kalapalo"},
["kuj"] = {"Kuria"},
["kuk"] = {"Kepo'"},
["kul"] = {"Kulere"},
["kum"] = {"Kumyk"},
["kun"] = {"Kunama"},
["kuo"] = {"Kumukio"},
["kup"] = {"Kunimaipa"},
["kuq"] = {"Karipuna"},
["kus"] = {"Kusaal"},
["kut"] = {"Ktunaxa", "Ksanka", "Kutenai"},
["kuu"] = {"Upper Kuskokwim"},
["kuv"] = {"Kur"},
["kuw"] = {"Kpagua"},
["kux"] = {"Kukatja"},
["kuy"] = {"Kuuku-Ya'u"},
["kuz"] = {"Kunza"},
["kva"] = {"Bagvalal"},
["kvb"] = {"Kubu"},
["kvc"] = {"Kove"},
["kvd"] = {"Kui (Indonesia)"},
["kve"] = {"Kalabakan"},
["kvf"] = {"Kabalai"},
["kvg"] = {"Kuni-Boazi"},
["kvh"] = {"Komodo"},
["kvi"] = {"Kwang"},
["kvj"] = {"Psikye"},
["kvk"] = {"Korean Sign Language"},
["kvl"] = {"Kayaw"},
["kvm"] = {"Kendem"},
["kvn"] = {"Border Kuna"},
["kvo"] = {"Dobel"},
["kvp"] = {"Kompane"},
["kvq"] = {"Geba Karen"},
["kvr"] = {"Kerinci"},
["kvt"] = {"Lahta Karen", "Lahta"},
["kvu"] = {"Yinbaw Karen"},
["kvv"] = {"Kola"},
["kvw"] = {"Wersing"},
["kvx"] = {"Parkari Koli"},
["kvy"] = {"Yintale Karen", "Yintale"},
["kvz"] = {"Tsakwambo", "Tsaukambo"},
["kwa"] = {"Dâw"},
["kwb"] = {"Kwa"},
["kwc"] = {"Likwala"},
["kwd"] = {"Kwaio"},
["kwe"] = {"Kwerba"},
["kwf"] = {"Kwara'ae"},
["kwg"] = {"Sara Kaba Deme"},
["kwh"] = {"Kowiai"},
["kwi"] = {"Awa-Cuaiquer"},
["kwj"] = {"Kwanga"},
["kwk"] = {"Kwak'wala", "Kwakiutl"},
["kwl"] = {"Kofyar"},
["kwm"] = {"Kwambi"},
["kwn"] = {"Kwangali"},
["kwo"] = {"Kwomtari"},
["kwp"] = {"Kodia"},
["kwr"] = {"Kwer"},
["kws"] = {"Kwese"},
["kwt"] = {"Kwesten"},
["kwu"] = {"Kwakum"},
["kwv"] = {"Sara Kaba Náà"},
["kww"] = {"Kwinti"},
["kwx"] = {"Khirwar"},
["kwy"] = {"San Salvador Kongo"},
["kwz"] = {"Kwadi"},
["kxa"] = {"Kairiru"},
["kxb"] = {"Krobu"},
["kxc"] = {"Konso", "Khonso"},
["kxd"] = {"Brunei"},
["kxf"] = {"Manumanaw Karen", "Manumanaw"},
["kxh"] = {"Karo (Ethiopia)"},
["kxi"] = {"Keningau Murut"},
["kxj"] = {"Kulfa"},
["kxk"] = {"Zayein Karen"},
["kxm"] = {"Northern Khmer"},
["kxn"] = {"Kanowit-Tanjong Melanau"},
["kxo"] = {"Kanoé"},
["kxp"] = {"Wadiyara Koli"},
["kxq"] = {"Smärky Kanum"},
["kxr"] = {"Koro (Papua New Guinea)"},
["kxs"] = {"Kangjia"},
["kxt"] = {"Koiwat"},
["kxv"] = {"Kuvi"},
["kxw"] = {"Konai"},
["kxx"] = {"Likuba"},
["kxy"] = {"Kayong"},
["kxz"] = {"Kerewo"},
["kya"] = {"Kwaya"},
["kyb"] = {"Butbut Kalinga"},
["kyc"] = {"Kyaka"},
["kyd"] = {"Karey"},
["kye"] = {"Krache"},
["kyf"] = {"Kouya"},
["kyg"] = {"Keyagana"},
["kyh"] = {"Karok"},
["kyi"] = {"Kiput"},
["kyj"] = {"Karao"},
["kyk"] = {"Kamayo"},
["kyl"] = {"Kalapuya"},
["kym"] = {"Kpatili"},
["kyn"] = {"Northern Binukidnon"},
["kyo"] = {"Kelon"},
["kyp"] = {"Kang"},
["kyq"] = {"Kenga"},
["kyr"] = {"Kuruáya"},
["kys"] = {"Baram Kayan"},
["kyt"] = {"Kayagar"},
["kyu"] = {"Western Kayah"},
["kyv"] = {"Kayort"},
["kyw"] = {"Kudmali"},
["kyx"] = {"Rapoisi"},
["kyy"] = {"Kambaira"},
["kyz"] = {"Kayabí"},
["kza"] = {"Western Karaboro"},
["kzb"] = {"Kaibobo"},
["kzc"] = {"Bondoukou Kulango"},
["kzd"] = {"Kadai"},
["kze"] = {"Kosena"},
["kzf"] = {"Da'a Kaili"},
["kzg"] = {"Kikai"},
["kzi"] = {"Kelabit"},
["kzk"] = {"Kazukuru"},
["kzl"] = {"Kayeli"},
["kzm"] = {"Kais"},
["kzn"] = {"Kokola"},
["kzo"] = {"Kaningi"},
["kzp"] = {"Kaidipang"},
["kzq"] = {"Kaike"},
["kzr"] = {"Karang"},
["kzs"] = {"Sugut Dusun"},
["kzu"] = {"Kayupulau"},
["kzv"] = {"Komyandaret"},
["kzw"] = {"Karirí-Xocó"},
["kzx"] = {"Kamarian"},
["kzy"] = {"Kango (Tshopo District)"},
["kzz"] = {"Kalabra"},
["laa"] = {"Southern Subanen"},
["lab"] = {"Linear A"},
["lac"] = {"Lacandon"},
["lad"] = {"Ladino"},
["lae"] = {"Pattani"},
["laf"] = {"Lafofa"},
["lag"] = {"Rangi"},
["lah"] = {"Lahnda"},
["lai"] = {"Lambya"},
["laj"] = {"Lango (Uganda)"},
["lal"] = {"Lalia"},
["lam"] = {"Lamba"},
["lan"] = {"Laru"},
["lap"] = {"Laka (Chad)"},
["laq"] = {"Qabiao"},
["lar"] = {"Larteh"},
["las"] = {"Lama (Togo)"},
["lau"] = {"Laba"},
["law"] = {"Lauje"},
["lax"] = {"Tiwa"},
["lay"] = {"Lama Bai"},
["laz"] = {"Aribwatsa"},
["lbb"] = {"Label"},
["lbc"] = {"Lakkia"},
["lbe"] = {"Lak"},
["lbf"] = {"Tinani"},
["lbg"] = {"Laopang"},
["lbi"] = {"La'bi"},
["lbj"] = {"Ladakhi"},
["lbk"] = {"Central Bontok"},
["lbl"] = {"Libon Bikol"},
["lbm"] = {"Lodhi"},
["lbn"] = {"Rmeet"},
["lbo"] = {"Laven"},
["lbq"] = {"Wampar"},
["lbr"] = {"Lohorung"},
["lbs"] = {"Libyan Sign Language"},
["lbt"] = {"Lachi"},
["lbu"] = {"Labu"},
["lbv"] = {"Lavatbura-Lamusong"},
["lbw"] = {"Tolaki"},
["lbx"] = {"Lawangan"},
["lby"] = {"Lamalama", "Lamu-Lamu"},
["lbz"] = {"Lardil"},
["lcc"] = {"Legenyem"},
["lcd"] = {"Lola"},
["lce"] = {"Loncong", "Sekak"},
["lcf"] = {"Lubu"},
["lch"] = {"Luchazi"},
["lcl"] = {"Lisela"},
["lcm"] = {"Tungag"},
["lcp"] = {"Western Lawa"},
["lcq"] = {"Luhu"},
["lcs"] = {"Lisabata-Nuniali"},
["lda"] = {"Kla-Dan"},
["ldb"] = {"Dũya"},
["ldd"] = {"Luri"},
["ldg"] = {"Lenyima"},
["ldh"] = {"Lamja-Dengsa-Tola"},
["ldi"] = {"Laari"},
["ldj"] = {"Lemoro"},
["ldk"] = {"Leelau"},
["ldl"] = {"Kaan"},
["ldm"] = {"Landoma"},
["ldn"] = {"Láadan"},
["ldo"] = {"Loo"},
["ldp"] = {"Tso"},
["ldq"] = {"Lufu"},
["lea"] = {"Lega-Shabunda"},
["leb"] = {"Lala-Bisa"},
["lec"] = {"Leco"},
["led"] = {"Lendu"},
["lee"] = {"Lyélé"},
["lef"] = {"Lelemi"},
["leh"] = {"Lenje"},
["lei"] = {"Lemio"},
["lej"] = {"Lengola"},
["lek"] = {"Leipon"},
["lel"] = {"Lele (Democratic Republic of Congo)"},
["lem"] = {"Nomaande"},
["len"] = {"Lenca"},
["leo"] = {"Leti (Cameroon)"},
["lep"] = {"Lepcha"},
["leq"] = {"Lembena"},
["ler"] = {"Lenkau"},
["les"] = {"Lese"},
["let"] = {"Lesing-Gelimi", "Amio-Gelimi"},
["leu"] = {"Kara (Papua New Guinea)"},
["lev"] = {"Lamma"},
["lew"] = {"Ledo Kaili"},
["lex"] = {"Luang"},
["ley"] = {"Lemolang"},
["lez"] = {"Lezghian"},
["lfa"] = {"Lefa"},
["lfb"] = {"Buu (Cameroon)"},
["lfn"] = {"Lingua Franca Nova"},
["lga"] = {"Lungga"},
["lgb"] = {"Laghu"},
["lgg"] = {"Lugbara"},
["lgh"] = {"Laghuu"},
["lgi"] = {"Lengilu"},
["lgk"] = {"Lingarak", "Neverver"},
["lgl"] = {"Wala"},
["lgm"] = {"Lega-Mwenga"},
["lgn"] = {"T'apo", "Opuuo"},
["lgo"] = {"Lango (South Sudan)"},
["lgq"] = {"Logba"},
["lgr"] = {"Lengo"},
["lgs"] = {"Guinea-Bissau Sign Language", "Língua Gestual Guineense"},
["lgt"] = {"Pahi"},
["lgu"] = {"Longgu"},
["lgz"] = {"Ligenza"},
["lha"] = {"Laha (Viet Nam)"},
["lhh"] = {"Laha (Indonesia)"},
["lhi"] = {"Lahu Shi"},
["lhl"] = {"Lahul Lohar"},
["lhm"] = {"Lhomi"},
["lhn"] = {"Lahanan"},
["lhp"] = {"Lhokpu"},
["lhs"] = {"Mlahsö"},
["lht"] = {"Lo-Toga"},
["lhu"] = {"Lahu"},
["lia"] = {"West-Central Limba"},
["lib"] = {"Likum"},
["lic"] = {"Hlai"},
["lid"] = {"Nyindrou"},
["lie"] = {"Likila"},
["lif"] = {"Limbu"},
["lig"] = {"Ligbi"},
["lih"] = {"Lihir"},
["lij"] = {"Ligurian"},
["lik"] = {"Lika"},
["lil"] = {"Lillooet"},
["lio"] = {"Liki"},
["lip"] = {"Sekpele"},
["liq"] = {"Libido"},
["lir"] = {"Liberian English"},
["lis"] = {"Lisu"},
["liu"] = {"Logorik"},
["liv"] = {"Liv"},
["liw"] = {"Col"},
["lix"] = {"Liabuku"},
["liy"] = {"Banda-Bambari"},
["liz"] = {"Libinza"},
["lja"] = {"Golpa"},
["lje"] = {"Rampi"},
["lji"] = {"Laiyolo"},
["ljl"] = {"Li'o"},
["ljp"] = {"Lampung Api"},
["ljw"] = {"Yirandali"},
["ljx"] = {"Yuru"},
["lka"] = {"Lakalei"},
["lkb"] = {"Kabras", "Lukabaras"},
["lkc"] = {"Kucong"},
["lkd"] = {"Lakondê"},
["lke"] = {"Kenyi"},
["lkh"] = {"Lakha"},
["lki"] = {"Laki"},
["lkj"] = {"Remun"},
["lkl"] = {"Laeko-Libuat"},
["lkm"] = {"Kalaamaya"},
["lkn"] = {"Lakon", "Vure"},
["lko"] = {"Khayo", "Olukhayo"},
["lkr"] = {"Päri"},
["lks"] = {"Kisa", "Olushisa"},
["lkt"] = {"Lakota"},
["lku"] = {"Kungkari"},
["lky"] = {"Lokoya"},
["lla"] = {"Lala-Roba"},
["llb"] = {"Lolo"},
["llc"] = {"Lele (Guinea)"},
["lld"] = {"Ladin"},
["lle"] = {"Lele (Papua New Guinea)"},
["llf"] = {"Hermit"},
["llg"] = {"Lole"},
["llh"] = {"Lamu"},
["lli"] = {"Teke-Laali"},
["llj"] = {"Ladji Ladji"},
["llk"] = {"Lelak"},
["lll"] = {"Lilau"},
["llm"] = {"Lasalimu"},
["lln"] = {"Lele (Chad)"},
["llp"] = {"North Efate"},
["llq"] = {"Lolak"},
["lls"] = {"Lithuanian Sign Language"},
["llu"] = {"Lau"},
["llx"] = {"Lauan"},
["lma"] = {"East Limba"},
["lmb"] = {"Merei"},
["lmc"] = {"Limilngan"},
["lmd"] = {"Lumun"},
["lme"] = {"Pévé"},
["lmf"] = {"South Lembata"},
["lmg"] = {"Lamogai"},
["lmh"] = {"Lambichhong"},
["lmi"] = {"Lombi"},
["lmj"] = {"West Lembata"},
["lmk"] = {"Lamkang"},
["lml"] = {"Hano"},
["lmn"] = {"Lambadi"},
["lmo"] = {"Lombard"},
["lmp"] = {"Limbum"},
["lmq"] = {"Lamatuka"},
["lmr"] = {"Lamalera"},
["lmu"] = {"Lamenu"},
["lmv"] = {"Lomaiviti"},
["lmw"] = {"Lake Miwok"},
["lmx"] = {"Laimbue"},
["lmy"] = {"Lamboya"},
["lna"] = {"Langbashe"},
["lnb"] = {"Mbalanhu"},
["lnd"] = {"Lundayeh", "Lun Bawang"},
["lng"] = {"Langobardic"},
["lnh"] = {"Lanoh"},
["lni"] = {"Daantanai'"},
["lnj"] = {"Leningitij"},
["lnl"] = {"South Central Banda"},
["lnm"] = {"Langam"},
["lnn"] = {"Lorediakarkar"},
["lns"] = {"Lamnso'"},
["lnu"] = {"Longuda"},
["lnw"] = {"Lanima"},
["lnz"] = {"Lonzo"},
["loa"] = {"Loloda"},
["lob"] = {"Lobi"},
["loc"] = {"Inonhan"},
["loe"] = {"Saluan"},
["lof"] = {"Logol"},
["log"] = {"Logo"},
["loh"] = {"Laarim", "Narim"},
["loi"] = {"Loma (Côte d'Ivoire)"},
["loj"] = {"Lou"},
["lok"] = {"Loko"},
["lol"] = {"Mongo"},
["lom"] = {"Loma (Liberia)"},
["lon"] = {"Malawi Lomwe"},
["loo"] = {"Lombo"},
["lop"] = {"Lopa"},
["loq"] = {"Lobala"},
["lor"] = {"Téén"},
["los"] = {"Loniu"},
["lot"] = {"Otuho"},
["lou"] = {"Louisiana Creole"},
["lov"] = {"Lopi"},
["low"] = {"Tampias Lobu"},
["lox"] = {"Loun"},
["loy"] = {"Loke"},
["loz"] = {"Lozi"},
["lpa"] = {"Lelepa"},
["lpe"] = {"Lepki"},
["lpn"] = {"Long Phuri Naga"},
["lpo"] = {"Lipo"},
["lpx"] = {"Lopit"},
["lqr"] = {"Logir"},
["lra"] = {"Rara Bakati'"},
["lrc"] = {"Northern Luri"},
["lre"] = {"Laurentian"},
["lrg"] = {"Laragia"},
["lri"] = {"Marachi", "Olumarachi"},
["lrk"] = {"Loarki"},
["lrl"] = {"Lari"},
["lrm"] = {"Marama", "Olumarama"},
["lrn"] = {"Lorang"},
["lro"] = {"Laro"},
["lrr"] = {"Southern Yamphu"},
["lrt"] = {"Larantuka Malay"},
["lrv"] = {"Larevat"},
["lrz"] = {"Lemerig"},
["lsa"] = {"Lasgerdi"},
["lsb"] = {"Burundian Sign Language", "Langue des Signes Burundaise"},
["lsc"] = {"Albarradas Sign Language", "Lengua de señas Albarradas"},
["lsd"] = {"Lishana Deni"},
["lse"] = {"Lusengo"},
["lsh"] = {"Lish"},
["lsi"] = {"Lashi"},
["lsl"] = {"Latvian Sign Language"},
["lsm"] = {"Saamia", "Olusamia"},
["lsn"] = {"Tibetan Sign Language"},
["lso"] = {"Laos Sign Language"},
["lsp"] = {"Panamanian Sign Language", "Lengua de Señas Panameñas"},
["lsr"] = {"Aruop"},
["lss"] = {"Lasi"},
["lst"] = {"Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language"},
["lsv"] = {"Sivia Sign Language"},
["lsw"] = {"Seychelles Sign Language", "Lalang Siny Seselwa", "Langue des Signes Seychelloise"},
["lsy"] = {"Mauritian Sign Language"},
["ltc"] = {"Late Middle Chinese"},
["ltg"] = {"Latgalian"},
["lth"] = {"Thur"},
["lti"] = {"Leti (Indonesia)"},
["ltn"] = {"Latundê"},
["lto"] = {"Tsotso", "Olutsotso"},
["lts"] = {"Tachoni", "Lutachoni"},
["ltu"] = {"Latu"},
["lua"] = {"Luba-Lulua"},
["luc"] = {"Aringa"},
["lud"] = {"Ludian"},
["lue"] = {"Luvale"},
["luf"] = {"Laua"},
["luh"] = {"Leizhou Chinese"},
["lui"] = {"Luiseño"},
["luj"] = {"Luna"},
["luk"] = {"Lunanakha"},
["lul"] = {"Olu'bo"},
["lum"] = {"Luimbi"},
["lun"] = {"Lunda"},
["luo"] = {"Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)", "Dholuo"},
["lup"] = {"Lumbu"},
["luq"] = {"Lucumi"},
["lur"] = {"Laura"},
["lus"] = {"Lushai"},
["lut"] = {"Lushootseed"},
["luu"] = {"Lumba-Yakkha"},
["luv"] = {"Luwati"},
["luw"] = {"Luo (Cameroon)"},
["luy"] = {"Luyia", "Oluluyia"},
["luz"] = {"Southern Luri"},
["lva"] = {"Maku'a"},
["lvi"] = {"Lavi"},
["lvk"] = {"Lavukaleve"},
["lvl"] = {"Lwel"},
["lvs"] = {"Standard Latvian"},
["lvu"] = {"Levuka"},
["lwa"] = {"Lwalu"},
["lwe"] = {"Lewo Eleng"},
["lwg"] = {"Wanga", "Oluwanga"},
["lwh"] = {"White Lachi"},
["lwl"] = {"Eastern Lawa"},
["lwm"] = {"Laomian"},
["lwo"] = {"Luwo"},
["lws"] = {"Malawian Sign Language"},
["lwt"] = {"Lewotobi"},
["lwu"] = {"Lawu"},
["lww"] = {"Lewo"},
["lxm"] = {"Lakurumau"},
["lya"] = {"Layakha"},
["lyg"] = {"Lyngngam"},
["lyn"] = {"Luyana"},
["lzh"] = {"Literary Chinese"},
["lzl"] = {"Litzlitz"},
["lzn"] = {"Leinong Naga"},
["lzz"] = {"Laz"},
["maa"] = {"San Jerónimo Tecóatl Mazatec"},
["mab"] = {"Yutanduchi Mixtec"},
["mad"] = {"Madurese"},
["mae"] = {"Bo-Rukul"},
["maf"] = {"Mafa"},
["mag"] = {"Magahi"},
["mai"] = {"Maithili"},
["maj"] = {"Jalapa De Díaz Mazatec"},
["mak"] = {"Makasar"},
["mam"] = {"Mam"},
["man"] = {"Mandingo", "Manding"},
["map"] = {"Austronesian languages"},
["maq"] = {"Chiquihuitlán Mazatec"},
["mas"] = {"Masai"},
["mat"] = {"San Francisco Matlatzinca"},
["mau"] = {"Huautla Mazatec"},
["mav"] = {"Sateré-Mawé"},
["maw"] = {"Mampruli"},
["max"] = {"North Moluccan Malay"},
["maz"] = {"Central Mazahua"},
["mba"] = {"Higaonon"},
["mbb"] = {"Western Bukidnon Manobo"},
["mbc"] = {"Macushi"},
["mbd"] = {"Dibabawon Manobo"},
["mbe"] = {"Molale"},
["mbf"] = {"Baba Malay"},
["mbh"] = {"Mangseng"},
["mbi"] = {"Ilianen Manobo"},
["mbj"] = {"Nadëb"},
["mbk"] = {"Malol"},
["mbl"] = {"Maxakalí"},
["mbm"] = {"Ombamba"},
["mbn"] = {"Macaguán"},
["mbo"] = {"Mbo (Cameroon)"},
["mbp"] = {"Malayo"},
["mbq"] = {"Maisin"},
["mbr"] = {"Nukak Makú"},
["mbs"] = {"Sarangani Manobo"},
["mbt"] = {"Matigsalug Manobo"},
["mbu"] = {"Mbula-Bwazza"},
["mbv"] = {"Mbulungish"},
["mbw"] = {"Maring"},
["mbx"] = {"Mari (East Sepik Province)"},
["mby"] = {"Memoni"},
["mbz"] = {"Amoltepec Mixtec"},
["mca"] = {"Maca"},
["mcb"] = {"Machiguenga"},
["mcc"] = {"Bitur"},
["mcd"] = {"Sharanahua"},
["mce"] = {"Itundujia Mixtec"},
["mcf"] = {"Matsés"},
["mcg"] = {"Mapoyo"},
["mch"] = {"Maquiritari"},
["mci"] = {"Mese"},
["mcj"] = {"Mvanip"},
["mck"] = {"Mbunda"},
["mcl"] = {"Macaguaje"},
["mcm"] = {"Malaccan Creole Portuguese"},
["mcn"] = {"Masana"},
["mco"] = {"Coatlán Mixe"},
["mcp"] = {"Makaa"},
["mcq"] = {"Ese"},
["mcr"] = {"Menya"},
["mcs"] = {"Mambai"},
["mct"] = {"Mengisa"},
["mcu"] = {"Cameroon Mambila"},
["mcv"] = {"Minanibai"},
["mcw"] = {"Mawa (Chad)"},
["mcx"] = {"Mpiemo"},
["mcy"] = {"South Watut"},
["mcz"] = {"Mawan"},
["mda"] = {"Mada (Nigeria)"},
["mdb"] = {"Morigi"},
["mdc"] = {"Soq", "Male (Papua New Guinea)"},
["mdd"] = {"Mbum"},
["mde"] = {"Maba (Chad)"},
["mdf"] = {"Moksha"},
["mdg"] = {"Massalat"},
["mdh"] = {"Maguindanaon"},
["mdi"] = {"Mamvu"},
["mdj"] = {"Mangbetu"},
["mdk"] = {"Mangbutu"},
["mdl"] = {"Maltese Sign Language"},
["mdm"] = {"Mayogo"},
["mdn"] = {"Mbati"},
["mdp"] = {"Mbala"},
["mdq"] = {"Mbole"},
["mdr"] = {"Mandar"},
["mds"] = {"Maria (Papua New Guinea)"},
["mdt"] = {"Mbere"},
["mdu"] = {"Mboko"},
["mdv"] = {"Santa Lucía Monteverde Mixtec"},
["mdw"] = {"Mbosi"},
["mdx"] = {"Dizin"},
["mdy"] = {"Male", "Male (Ethiopia)"},
["mdz"] = {"Suruí Do Pará"},
["mea"] = {"Menka"},
["meb"] = {"Ikobi"},
["mec"] = {"Marra"},
["med"] = {"Melpa"},
["mee"] = {"Mengen"},
["mef"] = {"Megam"},
["meh"] = {"Southwestern Tlaxiaco Mixtec"},
["mei"] = {"Midob"},
["mej"] = {"Meyah"},
["mek"] = {"Mekeo"},
["mel"] = {"Central Melanau"},
["mem"] = {"Mangala"},
["men"] = {"Mende (Sierra Leone)"},
["meo"] = {"Kedah Malay"},
["mep"] = {"Miriwoong"},
["meq"] = {"Merey"},
["mer"] = {"Meru"},
["mes"] = {"Masmaje"},
["met"] = {"Mato"},
["meu"] = {"Motu"},
["mev"] = {"Mano"},
["mew"] = {"Maaka"},
["mey"] = {"Hassaniyya"},
["mez"] = {"Menominee"},
["mfa"] = {"Pattani Malay"},
["mfb"] = {"Bangka"},
["mfc"] = {"Mba"},
["mfd"] = {"Mendankwe-Nkwen"},
["mfe"] = {"Morisyen"},
["mff"] = {"Naki"},
["mfg"] = {"Mogofin"},
["mfh"] = {"Matal"},
["mfi"] = {"Wandala"},
["mfj"] = {"Mefele"},
["mfk"] = {"North Mofu"},
["mfl"] = {"Putai"},
["mfm"] = {"Marghi South"},
["mfn"] = {"Cross River Mbembe"},
["mfo"] = {"Mbe"},
["mfp"] = {"Makassar Malay"},
["mfq"] = {"Moba"},
["mfr"] = {"Marrithiyel"},
["mfs"] = {"Mexican Sign Language"},
["mft"] = {"Mokerang"},
["mfu"] = {"Mbwela"},
["mfv"] = {"Mandjak"},
["mfw"] = {"Mulaha"},
["mfx"] = {"Melo"},
["mfy"] = {"Mayo"},
["mfz"] = {"Mabaan"},
["mga"] = {"Middle Irish (900-1200)"},
["mgb"] = {"Mararit"},
["mgc"] = {"Morokodo"},
["mgd"] = {"Moru"},
["mge"] = {"Mango"},
["mgf"] = {"Maklew"},
["mgg"] = {"Mpumpong"},
["mgh"] = {"Makhuwa-Meetto"},
["mgi"] = {"Lijili"},
["mgj"] = {"Abureni"},
["mgk"] = {"Mawes"},
["mgl"] = {"Maleu-Kilenge"},
["mgm"] = {"Mambae"},
["mgn"] = {"Mbangi"},
["mgo"] = {"Meta'"},
["mgp"] = {"Magar", "Magar Dhut"},
["mgq"] = {"Malila"},
["mgr"] = {"Mambwe-Lungu"},
["mgs"] = {"Manda (Tanzania)"},
["mgt"] = {"Mongol"},
["mgu"] = {"Mailu"},
["mgv"] = {"Matengo"},
["mgw"] = {"Matumbi"},
["mgy"] = {"Mbunga"},
["mgz"] = {"Mbugwe"},
["mha"] = {"Manda (India)"},
["mhb"] = {"Mahongwe"},
["mhc"] = {"Mocho"},
["mhd"] = {"Mbugu"},
["mhe"] = {"Besisi", "Mah Meri"},
["mhf"] = {"Mamaa"},
["mhg"] = {"Margu"},
["mhi"] = {"Ma'di"},
["mhj"] = {"Mogholi"},
["mhk"] = {"Mungaka"},
["mhl"] = {"Mauwake"},
["mhm"] = {"Makhuwa-Moniga"},
["mhn"] = {"Mòcheno"},
["mho"] = {"Mashi (Zambia)"},
["mhp"] = {"Balinese Malay"},
["mhq"] = {"Mandan"},
["mhr"] = {"Eastern Mari"},
["mhs"] = {"Buru (Indonesia)"},
["mht"] = {"Mandahuaca"},
["mhu"] = {"Digaro-Mishmi", "Darang Deng"},
["mhw"] = {"Mbukushu"},
["mhx"] = {"Maru", "Lhaovo"},
["mhy"] = {"Ma'anyan"},
["mhz"] = {"Mor (Mor Islands)"},
["mia"] = {"Miami"},
["mib"] = {"Atatláhuca Mixtec"},
["mic"] = {"Mi'kmaq", "Micmac"},
["mid"] = {"Mandaic"},
["mie"] = {"Ocotepec Mixtec"},
["mif"] = {"Mofu-Gudur"},
["mig"] = {"San Miguel El Grande Mixtec"},
["mih"] = {"Chayuco Mixtec"},
["mii"] = {"Chigmecatitlán Mixtec"},
["mij"] = {"Abar", "Mungbam"},
["mik"] = {"Mikasuki"},
["mil"] = {"Peñoles Mixtec"},
["mim"] = {"Alacatlatzala Mixtec"},
["min"] = {"Minangkabau"},
["mio"] = {"Pinotepa Nacional Mixtec"},
["mip"] = {"Apasco-Apoala Mixtec"},
["miq"] = {"Mískito"},
["mir"] = {"Isthmus Mixe"},
["mis"] = {"Uncoded languages"},
["mit"] = {"Southern Puebla Mixtec"},
["miu"] = {"Cacaloxtepec Mixtec"},
["miw"] = {"Akoye"},
["mix"] = {"Mixtepec Mixtec"},
["miy"] = {"Ayutla Mixtec"},
["miz"] = {"Coatzospan Mixtec"},
["mjb"] = {"Makalero"},
["mjc"] = {"San Juan Colorado Mixtec"},
["mjd"] = {"Northwest Maidu"},
["mje"] = {"Muskum"},
["mjg"] = {"Tu"},
["mjh"] = {"Mwera (Nyasa)"},
["mji"] = {"Kim Mun"},
["mjj"] = {"Mawak"},
["mjk"] = {"Matukar"},
["mjl"] = {"Mandeali"},
["mjm"] = {"Medebur"},
["mjn"] = {"Ma (Papua New Guinea)"},
["mjo"] = {"Malankuravan"},
["mjp"] = {"Malapandaram"},
["mjq"] = {"Malaryan"},
["mjr"] = {"Malavedan"},
["mjs"] = {"Miship"},
["mjt"] = {"Sauria Paharia"},
["mju"] = {"Manna-Dora"},
["mjv"] = {"Mannan"},
["mjw"] = {"Karbi"},
["mjx"] = {"Mahali"},
["mjy"] = {"Mahican"},
["mjz"] = {"Majhi"},
["mka"] = {"Mbre"},
["mkb"] = {"Mal Paharia"},
["mkc"] = {"Siliput"},
["mke"] = {"Mawchi"},
["mkf"] = {"Miya"},
["mkg"] = {"Mak (China)"},
["mkh"] = {"Mon-Khmer languages"},
["mki"] = {"Dhatki"},
["mkj"] = {"Mokilese"},
["mkk"] = {"Byep"},
["mkl"] = {"Mokole"},
["mkm"] = {"Moklen"},
["mkn"] = {"Kupang Malay"},
["mko"] = {"Mingang Doso"},
["mkp"] = {"Moikodi"},
["mkq"] = {"Bay Miwok"},
["mkr"] = {"Malas"},
["mks"] = {"Silacayoapan Mixtec"},
["mkt"] = {"Vamale"},
["mku"] = {"Konyanka Maninka"},
["mkv"] = {"Mafea"},
["mkw"] = {"Kituba (Congo)"},
["mkx"] = {"Kinamiging Manobo"},
["mky"] = {"East Makian"},
["mkz"] = {"Makasae"},
["mla"] = {"Malo"},
["mlb"] = {"Mbule"},
["mlc"] = {"Cao Lan"},
["mle"] = {"Manambu"},
["mlf"] = {"Mal"},
["mlh"] = {"Mape"},
["mli"] = {"Malimpung"},
["mlj"] = {"Miltu"},
["mlk"] = {"Ilwana", "Kiwilwana"},
["mll"] = {"Malua Bay"},
["mlm"] = {"Mulam"},
["mln"] = {"Malango"},
["mlo"] = {"Mlomp"},
["mlp"] = {"Bargam"},
["mlq"] = {"Western Maninkakan"},
["mlr"] = {"Vame"},
["mls"] = {"Masalit"},
["mlu"] = {"To'abaita"},
["mlv"] = {"Motlav", "Mwotlap"},
["mlw"] = {"Moloko"},
["mlx"] = {"Malfaxal", "Naha'ai"},
["mlz"] = {"Malaynon"},
["mma"] = {"Mama"},
["mmb"] = {"Momina"},
["mmc"] = {"Michoacán Mazahua"},
["mmd"] = {"Maonan"},
["mme"] = {"Mae"},
["mmf"] = {"Mundat"},
["mmg"] = {"North Ambrym"},
["mmh"] = {"Mehináku"},
["mmi"] = {"Hember Avu", "Amben", "Musar"},
["mmj"] = {"Majhwar"},
["mmk"] = {"Mukha-Dora"},
["mml"] = {"Man Met"},
["mmm"] = {"Maii"},
["mmn"] = {"Mamanwa"},
["mmo"] = {"Mangga Buang"},
["mmp"] = {"Siawi"},
["mmq"] = {"Musak"},
["mmr"] = {"Western Xiangxi Miao"},
["mmt"] = {"Malalamai"},
["mmu"] = {"Mmaala"},
["mmv"] = {"Miriti"},
["mmw"] = {"Emae"},
["mmx"] = {"Madak"},
["mmy"] = {"Migaama"},
["mmz"] = {"Mabaale"},
["mna"] = {"Mbula"},
["mnb"] = {"Muna"},
["mnc"] = {"Manchu"},
["mnd"] = {"Mondé"},
["mne"] = {"Naba"},
["mnf"] = {"Mundani"},
["mng"] = {"Eastern Mnong"},
["mnh"] = {"Mono (Democratic Republic of Congo)"},
["mni"] = {"Manipuri"},
["mnj"] = {"Munji"},
["mnk"] = {"Mandinka"},
["mnl"] = {"Tiale"},
["mnm"] = {"Mapena"},
["mnn"] = {"Southern Mnong"},
["mno"] = {"Manobo languages"},
["mnp"] = {"Min Bei Chinese"},
["mnq"] = {"Minriq"},
["mnr"] = {"Mono (USA)"},
["mns"] = {"Mansi"},
["mnu"] = {"Mer"},
["mnv"] = {"Rennell-Bellona"},
["mnw"] = {"Mon"},
["mnx"] = {"Manikion"},
["mny"] = {"Manyawa"},
["mnz"] = {"Moni"},
["moa"] = {"Mwan"},
["moc"] = {"Mocoví"},
["mod"] = {"Mobilian"},
["moe"] = {"Innu", "Montagnais"},
["mog"] = {"Mongondow"},
["moh"] = {"Mohawk", "Kanien'kéha"},
["moi"] = {"Mboi"},
["moj"] = {"Monzombo"},
["mok"] = {"Morori"},
["mom"] = {"Mangue"},
["moo"] = {"Monom"},
["mop"] = {"Mopán Maya"},
["moq"] = {"Mor (Bomberai Peninsula)"},
["mor"] = {"Moro"},
["mos"] = {"Mossi"},
["mot"] = {"Barí"},
["mou"] = {"Mogum"},
["mov"] = {"Mohave"},
["mow"] = {"Moi (Congo)"},
["mox"] = {"Molima"},
["moy"] = {"Shekkacho"},
["moz"] = {"Mukulu", "Gergiko"},
["mpa"] = {"Mpoto"},
["mpb"] = {"Malak Malak", "Mullukmulluk"},
["mpc"] = {"Mangarrayi"},
["mpd"] = {"Machinere"},
["mpe"] = {"Majang"},
["mpg"] = {"Marba"},
["mph"] = {"Maung"},
["mpi"] = {"Mpade"},
["mpj"] = {"Martu Wangka", "Wangkajunga"},
["mpk"] = {"Mbara (Chad)"},
["mpl"] = {"Middle Watut"},
["mpm"] = {"Yosondúa Mixtec"},
["mpn"] = {"Mindiri"},
["mpo"] = {"Miu"},
["mpp"] = {"Migabac"},
["mpq"] = {"Matís"},
["mpr"] = {"Vangunu"},
["mps"] = {"Dadibi"},
["mpt"] = {"Mian"},
["mpu"] = {"Makuráp"},
["mpv"] = {"Mungkip"},
["mpw"] = {"Mapidian"},
["mpx"] = {"Misima-Panaeati"},
["mpy"] = {"Mapia"},
["mpz"] = {"Mpi"},
["mqa"] = {"Maba (Indonesia)"},
["mqb"] = {"Mbuko"},
["mqc"] = {"Mangole"},
["mqe"] = {"Matepi"},
["mqf"] = {"Momuna"},
["mqg"] = {"Kota Bangun Kutai Malay"},
["mqh"] = {"Tlazoyaltepec Mixtec"},
["mqi"] = {"Mariri"},
["mqj"] = {"Mamasa"},
["mqk"] = {"Rajah Kabunsuwan Manobo"},
["mql"] = {"Mbelime"},
["mqm"] = {"South Marquesan"},
["mqn"] = {"Moronene"},
["mqo"] = {"Modole"},
["mqp"] = {"Manipa"},
["mqq"] = {"Minokok"},
["mqr"] = {"Mander"},
["mqs"] = {"West Makian"},
["mqt"] = {"Mok"},
["mqu"] = {"Mandari"},
["mqv"] = {"Mosimo"},
["mqw"] = {"Murupi"},
["mqx"] = {"Mamuju"},
["mqy"] = {"Manggarai"},
["mqz"] = {"Pano"},
["mra"] = {"Mlabri"},
["mrb"] = {"Marino"},
["mrc"] = {"Maricopa"},
["mre"] = {"Martha's Vineyard Sign Language"},
["mrf"] = {"Elseng"},
["mrg"] = {"Mising"},
["mrh"] = {"Mara", "Shendu"},
["mrj"] = {"Western Mari"},
["mrk"] = {"Hmwaveke"},
["mrl"] = {"Mortlockese"},
["mrm"] = {"Merlav", "Mwerlap"},
["mrn"] = {"Cheke Holo"},
["mro"] = {"Mru"},
["mrp"] = {"Morouas"},
["mrq"] = {"North Marquesan"},
["mrr"] = {"Maria (India)"},
["mrs"] = {"Maragus"},
["mrt"] = {"Marghi Central"},
["mru"] = {"Mono (Cameroon)"},
["mrv"] = {"Mangareva"},
["mrw"] = {"Maranao"},
["mrx"] = {"Maremgi", "Dineor"},
["mry"] = {"Mandaya"},
["mrz"] = {"Marind"},
["msb"] = {"Masbatenyo"},
["msc"] = {"Sankaran Maninka"},
["msd"] = {"Yucatec Maya Sign Language"},
["mse"] = {"Musey"},
["msf"] = {"Mekwei"},
["msg"] = {"Moraid"},
["msh"] = {"Masikoro Malagasy"},
["msi"] = {"Sabah Malay"},
["msj"] = {"Ma (Democratic Republic of Congo)"},
["msk"] = {"Mansaka"},
["msl"] = {"Molof", "Poule"},
["msm"] = {"Agusan Manobo"},
["msn"] = {"Vurës"},
["mso"] = {"Mombum"},
["msp"] = {"Maritsauá"},
["msq"] = {"Caac"},
["msr"] = {"Mongolian Sign Language"},
["mss"] = {"West Masela"},
["msu"] = {"Musom"},
["msv"] = {"Maslam"},
["msw"] = {"Mansoanka"},
["msx"] = {"Moresada"},
["msy"] = {"Aruamu"},
["msz"] = {"Momare"},
["mta"] = {"Cotabato Manobo"},
["mtb"] = {"Anyin Morofo"},
["mtc"] = {"Munit"},
["mtd"] = {"Mualang"},
["mte"] = {"Mono (Solomon Islands)"},
["mtf"] = {"Murik (Papua New Guinea)"},
["mtg"] = {"Una"},
["mth"] = {"Munggui"},
["mti"] = {"Maiwa (Papua New Guinea)"},
["mtj"] = {"Moskona"},
["mtk"] = {"Mbe'"},
["mtl"] = {"Montol"},
["mtm"] = {"Mator"},
["mtn"] = {"Matagalpa"},
["mto"] = {"Totontepec Mixe"},
["mtp"] = {"Wichí Lhamtés Nocten"},
["mtq"] = {"Muong"},
["mtr"] = {"Mewari"},
["mts"] = {"Yora"},
["mtt"] = {"Mota"},
["mtu"] = {"Tututepec Mixtec"},
["mtv"] = {"Asaro'o"},
["mtw"] = {"Southern Binukidnon"},
["mtx"] = {"Tidaá Mixtec"},
["mty"] = {"Nabi"},
["mua"] = {"Mundang"},
["mub"] = {"Mubi"},
["muc"] = {"Ajumbu"},
["mud"] = {"Mednyj Aleut"},
["mue"] = {"Media Lengua"},
["mug"] = {"Musgu"},
["muh"] = {"Mündü"},
["mui"] = {"Musi"},
["muj"] = {"Mabire"},
["muk"] = {"Mugom"},
["mul"] = {"Multiple languages"},
["mum"] = {"Maiwala"},
["mun"] = {"Munda languages"},
["muo"] = {"Nyong"},
["mup"] = {"Malvi"},
["muq"] = {"Eastern Xiangxi Miao"},
["mur"] = {"Murle"},
["mus"] = {"Creek"},
["mut"] = {"Western Muria"},
["muu"] = {"Yaaku"},
["muv"] = {"Muthuvan"},
["mux"] = {"Bo-Ung"},
["muy"] = {"Muyang"},
["muz"] = {"Mursi"},
["mva"] = {"Manam"},
["mvb"] = {"Mattole"},
["mvd"] = {"Mamboru"},
["mve"] = {"Marwari (Pakistan)"},
["mvf"] = {"Peripheral Mongolian"},
["mvg"] = {"Yucuañe Mixtec"},
["mvh"] = {"Mulgi"},
["mvi"] = {"Miyako"},
["mvk"] = {"Mekmek"},
["mvl"] = {"Mbara (Australia)"},
["mvn"] = {"Minaveha"},
["mvo"] = {"Marovo"},
["mvp"] = {"Duri"},
["mvq"] = {"Moere"},
["mvr"] = {"Marau"},
["mvs"] = {"Massep"},
["mvt"] = {"Mpotovoro"},
["mvu"] = {"Marfa"},
["mvv"] = {"Tagal Murut"},
["mvw"] = {"Machinga"},
["mvx"] = {"Meoswar"},
["mvy"] = {"Indus Kohistani"},
["mvz"] = {"Mesqan"},
["mwa"] = {"Mwatebu"},
["mwb"] = {"Juwal"},
["mwc"] = {"Are"},
["mwe"] = {"Mwera (Chimwera)"},
["mwf"] = {"Murrinh-Patha"},
["mwg"] = {"Aiklep"},
["mwh"] = {"Mouk-Aria"},
["mwi"] = {"Labo", "Ninde"},
["mwk"] = {"Kita Maninkakan"},
["mwl"] = {"Mirandese"},
["mwm"] = {"Sar"},
["mwn"] = {"Nyamwanga"},
["mwo"] = {"Central Maewo"},
["mwp"] = {"Kala Lagaw Ya"},
["mwq"] = {"Mün Chin"},
["mwr"] = {"Marwari"},
["mws"] = {"Mwimbi-Muthambi"},
["mwt"] = {"Moken"},
["mwu"] = {"Mittu"},
["mwv"] = {"Mentawai"},
["mww"] = {"Hmong Daw"},
["mwz"] = {"Moingi"},
["mxa"] = {"Northwest Oaxaca Mixtec"},
["mxb"] = {"Tezoatlán Mixtec"},
["mxc"] = {"Manyika"},
["mxd"] = {"Modang"},
["mxe"] = {"Mele-Fila"},
["mxf"] = {"Malgbe"},
["mxg"] = {"Mbangala"},
["mxh"] = {"Mvuba"},
["mxi"] = {"Mozarabic"},
["mxj"] = {"Miju-Mishmi", "Geman Deng"},
["mxk"] = {"Monumbo"},
["mxl"] = {"Maxi Gbe"},
["mxm"] = {"Meramera"},
["mxn"] = {"Moi (Indonesia)"},
["mxo"] = {"Mbowe"},
["mxp"] = {"Tlahuitoltepec Mixe"},
["mxq"] = {"Juquila Mixe"},
["mxr"] = {"Murik (Malaysia)"},
["mxs"] = {"Huitepec Mixtec"},
["mxt"] = {"Jamiltepec Mixtec"},
["mxu"] = {"Mada (Cameroon)"},
["mxv"] = {"Metlatónoc Mixtec"},
["mxw"] = {"Namo"},
["mxx"] = {"Mahou", "Mawukakan"},
["mxy"] = {"Southeastern Nochixtlán Mixtec"},
["mxz"] = {"Central Masela"},
["myb"] = {"Mbay"},
["myc"] = {"Mayeka"},
["mye"] = {"Myene"},
["myf"] = {"Bambassi"},
["myg"] = {"Manta"},
["myh"] = {"Makah"},
["myj"] = {"Mangayat"},
["myk"] = {"Mamara Senoufo"},
["myl"] = {"Moma"},
["mym"] = {"Me'en"},
["myn"] = {"Mayan languages"},
["myo"] = {"Anfillo"},
["myp"] = {"Pirahã"},
["myr"] = {"Muniche"},
["mys"] = {"Mesmes"},
["myu"] = {"Mundurukú"},
["myv"] = {"Erzya"},
["myw"] = {"Muyuw"},
["myx"] = {"Masaaba"},
["myy"] = {"Macuna"},
["myz"] = {"Classical Mandaic"},
["mza"] = {"Santa María Zacatepec Mixtec"},
["mzb"] = {"Tumzabt"},
["mzc"] = {"Madagascar Sign Language"},
["mzd"] = {"Malimba"},
["mze"] = {"Morawa"},
["mzg"] = {"Monastic Sign Language"},
["mzh"] = {"Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay"},
["mzi"] = {"Ixcatlán Mazatec"},
["mzj"] = {"Manya"},
["mzk"] = {"Nigeria Mambila"},
["mzl"] = {"Mazatlán Mixe"},
["mzm"] = {"Mumuye"},
["mzn"] = {"Mazanderani"},
["mzo"] = {"Matipuhy"},
["mzp"] = {"Movima"},
["mzq"] = {"Mori Atas"},
["mzr"] = {"Marúbo"},
["mzs"] = {"Macanese"},
["mzt"] = {"Mintil"},
["mzu"] = {"Inapang"},
["mzv"] = {"Manza"},
["mzw"] = {"Deg"},
["mzx"] = {"Mawayana"},
["mzy"] = {"Mozambican Sign Language"},
["mzz"] = {"Maiadomu"},
["naa"] = {"Namla"},
["nab"] = {"Southern Nambikuára"},
["nac"] = {"Narak"},
["nae"] = {"Naka'ela"},
["naf"] = {"Nabak"},
["nag"] = {"Naga Pidgin"},
["nah"] = {"Nahuatl languages"},
["nai"] = {"North American Indian languages"},
["naj"] = {"Nalu"},
["nak"] = {"Nakanai"},
["nal"] = {"Nalik"},
["nam"] = {"Ngan'gityemerri"},
["nan"] = {"Min Nan Chinese"},
["nao"] = {"Naaba"},
["nap"] = {"Neapolitan"},
["naq"] = {"Khoekhoe", "Nama (Namibia)"},
["nar"] = {"Iguta"},
["nas"] = {"Naasioi"},
["nat"] = {"Ca̱hungwa̱rya̱", "Hungworo"},
["naw"] = {"Nawuri"},
["nax"] = {"Nakwi"},
["nay"] = {"Ngarrindjeri"},
["naz"] = {"Coatepec Nahuatl"},
["nba"] = {"Nyemba"},
["nbb"] = {"Ndoe"},
["nbc"] = {"Chang Naga"},
["nbd"] = {"Ngbinda"},
["nbe"] = {"Konyak Naga"},
["nbg"] = {"Nagarchal"},
["nbh"] = {"Ngamo"},
["nbi"] = {"Mao Naga"},
["nbj"] = {"Ngarinyman"},
["nbk"] = {"Nake"},
["nbm"] = {"Ngbaka Ma'bo"},
["nbn"] = {"Kuri"},
["nbo"] = {"Nkukoli"},
["nbp"] = {"Nnam"},
["nbq"] = {"Nggem"},
["nbr"] = {"Numana"},
["nbs"] = {"Namibian Sign Language"},
["nbt"] = {"Na"},
["nbu"] = {"Rongmei Naga"},
["nbv"] = {"Ngamambo"},
["nbw"] = {"Southern Ngbandi"},
["nby"] = {"Ningera"},
["nca"] = {"Iyo"},
["ncb"] = {"Central Nicobarese"},
["ncc"] = {"Ponam"},
["ncd"] = {"Nachering"},
["nce"] = {"Yale"},
["ncf"] = {"Notsi"},
["ncg"] = {"Nisga'a"},
["nch"] = {"Central Huasteca Nahuatl"},
["nci"] = {"Classical Nahuatl"},
["ncj"] = {"Northern Puebla Nahuatl"},
["nck"] = {"Na-kara"},
["ncl"] = {"Michoacán Nahuatl"},
["ncm"] = {"Nambo"},
["ncn"] = {"Nauna"},
["nco"] = {"Sibe"},
["ncq"] = {"Northern Katang"},
["ncr"] = {"Ncane"},
["ncs"] = {"Nicaraguan Sign Language"},
["nct"] = {"Chothe Naga"},
["ncu"] = {"Chumburung"},
["ncx"] = {"Central Puebla Nahuatl"},
["ncz"] = {"Natchez"},
["nda"] = {"Ndasa"},
["ndb"] = {"Kenswei Nsei"},
["ndc"] = {"Ndau"},
["ndd"] = {"Nde-Nsele-Nta"},
["ndf"] = {"Nadruvian"},
["ndg"] = {"Ndengereko"},
["ndh"] = {"Ndali"},
["ndi"] = {"Samba Leko"},
["ndj"] = {"Ndamba"},
["ndk"] = {"Ndaka"},
["ndl"] = {"Ndolo"},
["ndm"] = {"Ndam"},
["ndn"] = {"Ngundi"},
["ndp"] = {"Ndo"},
["ndq"] = {"Ndombe"},
["ndr"] = {"Ndoola"},
["nds"] = {"Low German", "Low Saxon"},
["ndt"] = {"Ndunga"},
["ndu"] = {"Dugun"},
["ndv"] = {"Ndut"},
["ndw"] = {"Ndobo"},
["ndx"] = {"Nduga"},
["ndy"] = {"Lutos"},
["ndz"] = {"Ndogo"},
["nea"] = {"Eastern Ngad'a"},
["neb"] = {"Toura (Côte d'Ivoire)"},
["nec"] = {"Nedebang"},
["ned"] = {"Nde-Gbite"},
["nee"] = {"Nêlêmwa-Nixumwak"},
["nef"] = {"Nefamese"},
["neg"] = {"Negidal"},
["neh"] = {"Nyenkha"},
["nei"] = {"Neo-Hittite"},
["nej"] = {"Neko"},
["nek"] = {"Neku"},
["nem"] = {"Nemi"},
["nen"] = {"Nengone"},
["neo"] = {"Ná-Meo"},
["neq"] = {"North Central Mixe"},
["ner"] = {"Yahadian"},
["nes"] = {"Bhoti Kinnauri"},
["net"] = {"Nete"},
["neu"] = {"Neo"},
["nev"] = {"Nyaheun"},
["new"] = {"Nepal Bhasa", "Newar", "Newari"},
["nex"] = {"Neme"},
["ney"] = {"Neyo"},
["nez"] = {"Nez Perce"},
["nfa"] = {"Dhao"},
["nfd"] = {"Ahwai"},
["nfl"] = {"Ayiwo", "Äiwoo"},
["nfr"] = {"Nafaanra"},
["nfu"] = {"Mfumte"},
["nga"] = {"Ngbaka"},
["ngb"] = {"Northern Ngbandi"},
["ngc"] = {"Ngombe (Democratic Republic of Congo)"},
["ngd"] = {"Ngando (Central African Republic)"},
["nge"] = {"Ngemba"},
["ngf"] = {"Trans-New Guinea languages"},
["ngg"] = {"Ngbaka Manza"},
["ngh"] = {"Nǁng"},
["ngi"] = {"Ngizim"},
["ngj"] = {"Ngie"},
["ngk"] = {"Dalabon"},
["ngl"] = {"Lomwe"},
["ngm"] = {"Ngatik Men's Creole"},
["ngn"] = {"Ngwo"},
["ngp"] = {"Ngulu"},
["ngq"] = {"Ngurimi", "Ngoreme"},
["ngr"] = {"Engdewu"},
["ngs"] = {"Gvoko"},
["ngt"] = {"Kriang", "Ngeq"},
["ngu"] = {"Guerrero Nahuatl"},
["ngv"] = {"Nagumi"},
["ngw"] = {"Ngwaba"},
["ngx"] = {"Nggwahyi"},
["ngy"] = {"Tibea"},
["ngz"] = {"Ngungwel"},
["nha"] = {"Nhanda"},
["nhb"] = {"Beng"},
["nhc"] = {"Tabasco Nahuatl"},
["nhd"] = {"Chiripá", "Ava Guaraní"},
["nhe"] = {"Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl"},
["nhf"] = {"Nhuwala"},
["nhg"] = {"Tetelcingo Nahuatl"},
["nhh"] = {"Nahari"},
["nhi"] = {"Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl"},
["nhk"] = {"Isthmus-Cosoleacaque Nahuatl"},
["nhm"] = {"Morelos Nahuatl"},
["nhn"] = {"Central Nahuatl"},
["nho"] = {"Takuu"},
["nhp"] = {"Isthmus-Pajapan Nahuatl"},
["nhq"] = {"Huaxcaleca Nahuatl"},
["nhr"] = {"Naro"},
["nht"] = {"Ometepec Nahuatl"},
["nhu"] = {"Noone"},
["nhv"] = {"Temascaltepec Nahuatl"},
["nhw"] = {"Western Huasteca Nahuatl"},
["nhx"] = {"Isthmus-Mecayapan Nahuatl"},
["nhy"] = {"Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl"},
["nhz"] = {"Santa María La Alta Nahuatl"},
["nia"] = {"Nias"},
["nib"] = {"Nakame"},
["nic"] = {"Niger-Kordofanian languages"},
["nid"] = {"Ngandi"},
["nie"] = {"Niellim"},
["nif"] = {"Nek"},
["nig"] = {"Ngalakgan"},
["nih"] = {"Nyiha (Tanzania)"},
["nii"] = {"Nii"},
["nij"] = {"Ngaju"},
["nik"] = {"Southern Nicobarese"},
["nil"] = {"Nila"},
["nim"] = {"Nilamba"},
["nin"] = {"Ninzo"},
["nio"] = {"Nganasan"},
["niq"] = {"Nandi"},
["nir"] = {"Nimboran"},
["nis"] = {"Nimi"},
["nit"] = {"Southeastern Kolami"},
["niu"] = {"Niuean"},
["niv"] = {"Gilyak"},
["niw"] = {"Nimo"},
["nix"] = {"Hema"},
["niy"] = {"Ngiti"},
["niz"] = {"Ningil"},
["nja"] = {"Nzanyi"},
["njb"] = {"Nocte Naga"},
["njd"] = {"Ndonde Hamba"},
["njh"] = {"Lotha Naga"},
["nji"] = {"Gudanji"},
["njj"] = {"Njen"},
["njl"] = {"Njalgulgule"},
["njm"] = {"Angami Naga"},
["njn"] = {"Liangmai Naga"},
["njo"] = {"Ao Naga"},
["njr"] = {"Njerep"},
["njs"] = {"Nisa"},
["njt"] = {"Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin"},
["nju"] = {"Ngadjunmaya"},
["njx"] = {"Kunyi"},
["njy"] = {"Njyem"},
["njz"] = {"Nyishi"},
["nka"] = {"Nkoya"},
["nkb"] = {"Khoibu Naga"},
["nkc"] = {"Nkongho"},
["nkd"] = {"Koireng"},
["nke"] = {"Duke"},
["nkf"] = {"Inpui Naga"},
["nkg"] = {"Nekgini"},
["nkh"] = {"Khezha Naga"},
["nki"] = {"Thangal Naga"},
["nkj"] = {"Nakai"},
["nkk"] = {"Nokuku"},
["nkm"] = {"Namat"},
["nkn"] = {"Nkangala"},
["nko"] = {"Nkonya"},
["nkp"] = {"Niuatoputapu"},
["nkq"] = {"Nkami"},
["nkr"] = {"Nukuoro"},
["nks"] = {"North Asmat"},
["nkt"] = {"Nyika (Tanzania)"},
["nku"] = {"Bouna Kulango"},
["nkv"] = {"Nyika (Malawi and Zambia)"},
["nkw"] = {"Nkutu"},
["nkx"] = {"Nkoroo"},
["nkz"] = {"Nkari"},
["nla"] = {"Ngombale"},
["nlc"] = {"Nalca"},
["nle"] = {"East Nyala"},
["nlg"] = {"Gela"},
["nli"] = {"Grangali"},
["nlj"] = {"Nyali"},
["nlk"] = {"Ninia Yali"},
["nll"] = {"Nihali"},
["nlm"] = {"Mankiyali"},
["nlo"] = {"Ngul"},
["nlq"] = {"Lao Naga"},
["nlu"] = {"Nchumbulu"},
["nlv"] = {"Orizaba Nahuatl"},
["nlw"] = {"Walangama"},
["nlx"] = {"Nahali"},
["nly"] = {"Nyamal"},
["nlz"] = {"Nalögo"},
["nma"] = {"Maram Naga"},
["nmb"] = {"Big Nambas", "V'ënen Taut"},
["nmc"] = {"Ngam"},
["nmd"] = {"Ndumu"},
["nme"] = {"Mzieme Naga"},
["nmf"] = {"Tangkhul Naga (India)"},
["nmg"] = {"Kwasio"},
["nmh"] = {"Monsang Naga"},
["nmi"] = {"Nyam"},
["nmj"] = {"Ngombe (Central African Republic)"},
["nmk"] = {"Namakura"},
["nml"] = {"Ndemli"},
["nmm"] = {"Manangba"},
["nmn"] = {"ǃXóõ"},
["nmo"] = {"Moyon Naga"},
["nmp"] = {"Nimanbur"},
["nmq"] = {"Nambya"},
["nmr"] = {"Nimbari"},
["nms"] = {"Letemboi"},
["nmt"] = {"Namonuito"},
["nmu"] = {"Northeast Maidu"},
["nmv"] = {"Ngamini"},
["nmw"] = {"Nimoa", "Rifao"},
["nmx"] = {"Nama (Papua New Guinea)"},
["nmy"] = {"Namuyi"},
["nmz"] = {"Nawdm"},
["nna"] = {"Nyangumarta"},
["nnb"] = {"Nande"},
["nnc"] = {"Nancere"},
["nnd"] = {"West Ambae"},
["nne"] = {"Ngandyera"},
["nnf"] = {"Ngaing"},
["nng"] = {"Maring Naga"},
["nnh"] = {"Ngiemboon"},
["nni"] = {"North Nuaulu"},
["nnj"] = {"Nyangatom"},
["nnk"] = {"Nankina"},
["nnl"] = {"Northern Rengma Naga"},
["nnm"] = {"Namia"},
["nnn"] = {"Ngete"},
["nnp"] = {"Wancho Naga"},
["nnq"] = {"Ngindo"},
["nnr"] = {"Narungga"},
["nnt"] = {"Nanticoke"},
["nnu"] = {"Dwang"},
["nnv"] = {"Nugunu (Australia)"},
["nnw"] = {"Southern Nuni"},
["nny"] = {"Nyangga"},
["nnz"] = {"Nda'nda'"},
["noa"] = {"Woun Meu"},
["noc"] = {"Nuk"},
["nod"] = {"Northern Thai"},
["noe"] = {"Nimadi"},
["nof"] = {"Nomane"},
["nog"] = {"Nogai"},
["noh"] = {"Nomu"},
["noi"] = {"Noiri"},
["noj"] = {"Nonuya"},
["nok"] = {"Nooksack", "Lhéchelesem"},
["nol"] = {"Nomlaki"},
["non"] = {"Old Norse"},
["nop"] = {"Numanggang"},
["noq"] = {"Ngongo"},
["nos"] = {"Eastern Nisu"},
["not"] = {"Nomatsiguenga"},
["nou"] = {"Ewage-Notu"},
["nov"] = {"Novial"},
["now"] = {"Nyambo"},
["noy"] = {"Noy"},
["noz"] = {"Nayi"},
["npa"] = {"Nar Phu"},
["npb"] = {"Nupbikha"},
["npg"] = {"Ponyo-Gongwang Naga"},
["nph"] = {"Phom Naga"},
["npi"] = {"Nepali (individual language)"},
["npl"] = {"Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl"},
["npn"] = {"Mondropolon"},
["npo"] = {"Pochuri Naga"},
["nps"] = {"Nipsan"},
["npu"] = {"Puimei Naga"},
["npx"] = {"Noipx"},
["npy"] = {"Napu"},
["nqg"] = {"Southern Nago"},
["nqk"] = {"Kura Ede Nago"},
["nql"] = {"Ngendelengo"},
["nqm"] = {"Ndom"},
["nqn"] = {"Nen"},
["nqo"] = {"N'Ko", "N’Ko"},
["nqq"] = {"Kyan-Karyaw Naga"},
["nqt"] = {"Nteng"},
["nqy"] = {"Akyaung Ari Naga"},
["nra"] = {"Ngom"},
["nrb"] = {"Nara"},
["nrc"] = {"Noric"},
["nre"] = {"Southern Rengma Naga"},
["nrf"] = {"Jèrriais", "Guernésiais", "Sercquiais"},
["nrg"] = {"Narango"},
["nri"] = {"Chokri Naga"},
["nrk"] = {"Ngarla"},
["nrl"] = {"Ngarluma"},
["nrm"] = {"Narom"},
["nrn"] = {"Norn"},
["nrp"] = {"North Picene"},
["nrr"] = {"Norra", "Nora"},
["nrt"] = {"Northern Kalapuya"},
["nru"] = {"Narua"},
["nrx"] = {"Ngurmbur"},
["nrz"] = {"Lala"},
["nsa"] = {"Sangtam Naga"},
["nsb"] = {"Lower Nossob"},
["nsc"] = {"Nshi"},
["nsd"] = {"Southern Nisu"},
["nse"] = {"Nsenga"},
["nsf"] = {"Northwestern Nisu"},
["nsg"] = {"Ngasa"},
["nsh"] = {"Ngoshie"},
["nsi"] = {"Nigerian Sign Language"},
["nsk"] = {"Naskapi"},
["nsl"] = {"Norwegian Sign Language"},
["nsm"] = {"Sumi Naga"},
["nsn"] = {"Nehan"},
["nso"] = {"Pedi", "Northern Sotho", "Sepedi"},
["nsp"] = {"Nepalese Sign Language"},
["nsq"] = {"Northern Sierra Miwok"},
["nsr"] = {"Maritime Sign Language"},
["nss"] = {"Nali"},
["nst"] = {"Tase Naga"},
["nsu"] = {"Sierra Negra Nahuatl"},
["nsv"] = {"Southwestern Nisu"},
["nsw"] = {"Navut"},
["nsx"] = {"Nsongo"},
["nsy"] = {"Nasal"},
["nsz"] = {"Nisenan"},
["ntd"] = {"Northern Tidung"},
["ntg"] = {"Ngantangarra"},
["nti"] = {"Natioro"},
["ntj"] = {"Ngaanyatjarra"},
["ntk"] = {"Ikoma-Nata-Isenye"},
["ntm"] = {"Nateni"},
["nto"] = {"Ntomba"},
["ntp"] = {"Northern Tepehuan"},
["ntr"] = {"Delo"},
["ntu"] = {"Natügu"},
["ntw"] = {"Nottoway"},
["ntx"] = {"Tangkhul Naga (Myanmar)"},
["nty"] = {"Mantsi"},
["ntz"] = {"Natanzi"},
["nua"] = {"Yuanga"},
["nub"] = {"Nubian languages"},
["nuc"] = {"Nukuini"},
["nud"] = {"Ngala"},
["nue"] = {"Ngundu"},
["nuf"] = {"Nusu"},
["nug"] = {"Nungali"},
["nuh"] = {"Ndunda"},
["nui"] = {"Ngumbi"},
["nuj"] = {"Nyole"},
["nuk"] = {"Nuu-chah-nulth", "Nuuchahnulth"},
["nul"] = {"Nusa Laut"},
["num"] = {"Niuafo'ou"},
["nun"] = {"Anong"},
["nuo"] = {"Nguôn"},
["nup"] = {"Nupe-Nupe-Tako"},
["nuq"] = {"Nukumanu"},
["nur"] = {"Nukuria"},
["nus"] = {"Nuer"},
["nut"] = {"Nung (Viet Nam)"},
["nuu"] = {"Ngbundu"},
["nuv"] = {"Northern Nuni"},
["nuw"] = {"Nguluwan"},
["nux"] = {"Mehek"},
["nuy"] = {"Nunggubuyu"},
["nuz"] = {"Tlamacazapa Nahuatl"},
["nvh"] = {"Nasarian"},
["nvm"] = {"Namiae"},
["nvo"] = {"Nyokon"},
["nwa"] = {"Nawathinehena"},
["nwb"] = {"Nyabwa"},
["nwc"] = {"Classical Newari", "Classical Nepal Bhasa", "Old Newari"},
["nwe"] = {"Ngwe"},
["nwg"] = {"Ngayawung"},
["nwi"] = {"Southwest Tanna"},
["nwm"] = {"Nyamusa-Molo"},
["nwo"] = {"Nauo"},
["nwr"] = {"Nawaru"},
["nww"] = {"Ndwewe"},
["nwx"] = {"Middle Newar"},
["nwy"] = {"Nottoway-Meherrin"},
["nxa"] = {"Nauete"},
["nxd"] = {"Ngando (Democratic Republic of Congo)"},
["nxe"] = {"Nage"},
["nxg"] = {"Ngad'a"},
["nxi"] = {"Nindi"},
["nxk"] = {"Koki Naga"},
["nxl"] = {"South Nuaulu"},
["nxm"] = {"Numidian"},
["nxn"] = {"Ngawun"},
["nxo"] = {"Ndambomo"},
["nxq"] = {"Naxi"},
["nxr"] = {"Ninggerum"},
["nxx"] = {"Nafri"},
["nyb"] = {"Nyangbo"},
["nyc"] = {"Nyanga-li"},
["nyd"] = {"Nyore", "Olunyole"},
["nye"] = {"Nyengo"},
["nyf"] = {"Giryama", "Kigiryama"},
["nyg"] = {"Nyindu"},
["nyh"] = {"Nyikina"},
["nyi"] = {"Ama (Sudan)"},
["nyj"] = {"Nyanga"},
["nyk"] = {"Nyaneka"},
["nyl"] = {"Nyeu"},
["nym"] = {"Nyamwezi"},
["nyn"] = {"Nyankole"},
["nyo"] = {"Nyoro"},
["nyp"] = {"Nyang'i"},
["nyq"] = {"Nayini"},
["nyr"] = {"Nyiha (Malawi)"},
["nys"] = {"Nyungar"},
["nyt"] = {"Nyawaygi"},
["nyu"] = {"Nyungwe"},
["nyv"] = {"Nyulnyul"},
["nyw"] = {"Nyaw"},
["nyx"] = {"Nganyaywana"},
["nyy"] = {"Nyakyusa-Ngonde"},
["nza"] = {"Tigon Mbembe"},
["nzb"] = {"Njebi"},
["nzd"] = {"Nzadi"},
["nzi"] = {"Nzima"},
["nzk"] = {"Nzakara"},
["nzm"] = {"Zeme Naga"},
["nzr"] = {"Dir-Nyamzak-Mbarimi"},
["nzs"] = {"New Zealand Sign Language"},
["nzu"] = {"Teke-Nzikou"},
["nzy"] = {"Nzakambay"},
["nzz"] = {"Nanga Dama Dogon"},
["oaa"] = {"Orok"},
["oac"] = {"Oroch"},
["oak"] = {"Noakhali", "Noakhailla"},
["oar"] = {"Old Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)", "Ancient Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)"},
["oav"] = {"Old Avar"},
["obi"] = {"Obispeño"},
["obk"] = {"Southern Bontok"},
["obl"] = {"Oblo"},
["obm"] = {"Moabite"},
["obo"] = {"Obo Manobo"},
["obr"] = {"Old Burmese"},
["obt"] = {"Old Breton"},
["obu"] = {"Obulom"},
["oca"] = {"Ocaina"},
["och"] = {"Old Chinese"},
["ocm"] = {"Old Cham"},
["oco"] = {"Old Cornish"},
["ocu"] = {"Atzingo Matlatzinca"},
["oda"] = {"Odut"},
["odk"] = {"Od"},
["odt"] = {"Old Dutch"},
["odu"] = {"Odual"},
["ofo"] = {"Ofo"},
["ofs"] = {"Old Frisian"},
["ofu"] = {"Efutop"},
["ogb"] = {"Ogbia"},
["ogc"] = {"Ogbah"},
["oge"] = {"Old Georgian"},
["ogg"] = {"Ogbogolo"},
["ogo"] = {"Khana"},
["ogu"] = {"Ogbronuagum"},
["oht"] = {"Old Hittite"},
["ohu"] = {"Old Hungarian"},
["oia"] = {"Oirata"},
["oie"] = {"Okolie"},
["oin"] = {"Inebu One"},
["ojb"] = {"Northwestern Ojibwa"},
["ojc"] = {"Central Ojibwa"},
["ojg"] = {"Eastern Ojibwa"},
["ojp"] = {"Old Japanese"},
["ojs"] = {"Severn Ojibwa"},
["ojv"] = {"Ontong Java"},
["ojw"] = {"Western Ojibwa"},
["oka"] = {"Okanagan"},
["okb"] = {"Okobo"},
["okc"] = {"Kobo"},
["okd"] = {"Okodia"},
["oke"] = {"Okpe (Southwestern Edo)"},
["okg"] = {"Koko Babangk"},
["okh"] = {"Koresh-e Rostam"},
["oki"] = {"Okiek"},
["okj"] = {"Oko-Juwoi"},
["okk"] = {"Kwamtim One"},
["okl"] = {"Old Kentish Sign Language"},
["okm"] = {"Middle Korean (10th-16th cent.)"},
["okn"] = {"Oki-No-Erabu"},
["oko"] = {"Old Korean (3rd-9th cent.)"},
["okr"] = {"Kirike"},
["oks"] = {"Oko-Eni-Osayen"},
["oku"] = {"Oku"},
["okv"] = {"Orokaiva"},
["okx"] = {"Okpe (Northwestern Edo)"},
["okz"] = {"Old Khmer"},
["ola"] = {"Walungge"},
["olb"] = {"Oli-Bodiman"},
["old"] = {"Mochi"},
["ole"] = {"Olekha"},
["olk"] = {"Olkol"},
["olm"] = {"Oloma"},
["olo"] = {"Livvi"},
["olr"] = {"Olrat"},
["olt"] = {"Old Lithuanian"},
["olu"] = {"Kuvale"},
["oma"] = {"Omaha-Ponca"},
["omb"] = {"East Ambae"},
["omc"] = {"Mochica"},
["omg"] = {"Omagua"},
["omi"] = {"Omi"},
["omk"] = {"Omok"},
["oml"] = {"Ombo"},
["omn"] = {"Minoan"},
["omo"] = {"Utarmbung"},
["omp"] = {"Old Manipuri"},
["omq"] = {"Oto-Manguean languages"},
["omr"] = {"Old Marathi"},
["omt"] = {"Omotik"},
["omu"] = {"Omurano"},
["omv"] = {"Omotic languages"},
["omw"] = {"South Tairora"},
["omx"] = {"Old Mon"},
["omy"] = {"Old Malay"},
["ona"] = {"Ona"},
["onb"] = {"Lingao"},
["one"] = {"Oneida"},
["ong"] = {"Olo"},
["oni"] = {"Onin"},
["onj"] = {"Onjob"},
["onk"] = {"Kabore One"},
["onn"] = {"Onobasulu"},
["ono"] = {"Onondaga"},
["onp"] = {"Sartang"},
["onr"] = {"Northern One"},
["ons"] = {"Ono"},
["ont"] = {"Ontenu"},
["onu"] = {"Unua"},
["onw"] = {"Old Nubian"},
["onx"] = {"Onin Based Pidgin"},
["ood"] = {"Tohono O'odham"},
["oog"] = {"Ong"},
["oon"] = {"Önge"},
["oor"] = {"Oorlams"},
["oos"] = {"Old Ossetic"},
["opa"] = {"Okpamheri"},
["opk"] = {"Kopkaka"},
["opm"] = {"Oksapmin"},
["opo"] = {"Opao"},
["opt"] = {"Opata"},
["opy"] = {"Ofayé"},
["ora"] = {"Oroha"},
["orc"] = {"Orma"},
["ore"] = {"Orejón"},
["org"] = {"Oring"},
["orh"] = {"Oroqen"},
["orn"] = {"Orang Kanaq"},
["oro"] = {"Orokolo"},
["orr"] = {"Oruma"},
["ors"] = {"Orang Seletar"},
["ort"] = {"Adivasi Oriya"},
["oru"] = {"Ormuri"},
["orv"] = {"Old Russian"},
["orw"] = {"Oro Win"},
["orx"] = {"Oro"},
["ory"] = {"Odia (individual language)", "Oriya (individual language)"},
["orz"] = {"Ormu"},
["osa"] = {"Osage"},
["osc"] = {"Oscan"},
["osd"] = {"Digor Ossetic", "Digor", "Digor Ossetian"},
["osi"] = {"Osing"},
["osn"] = {"Old Sundanese"},
["oso"] = {"Ososo"},
["osp"] = {"Old Spanish"},
["ost"] = {"Osatu"},
["osu"] = {"Southern One"},
["osx"] = {"Old Saxon"},
["ota"] = {"Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)"},
["otb"] = {"Old Tibetan"},
["otd"] = {"Ot Danum"},
["ote"] = {"Mezquital Otomi"},
["oti"] = {"Oti"},
["otk"] = {"Old Turkish"},
["otl"] = {"Tilapa Otomi"},
["otm"] = {"Eastern Highland Otomi"},
["otn"] = {"Tenango Otomi"},
["oto"] = {"Otomian languages"},
["otq"] = {"Querétaro Otomi"},
["otr"] = {"Otoro"},
["ots"] = {"Estado de México Otomi"},
["ott"] = {"Temoaya Otomi"},
["otu"] = {"Otuke"},
["otw"] = {"Ottawa"},
["otx"] = {"Texcatepec Otomi"},
["oty"] = {"Old Tamil"},
["otz"] = {"Ixtenco Otomi"},
["oua"] = {"Tagargrent"},
["oub"] = {"Glio-Oubi"},
["oue"] = {"Oune"},
["oui"] = {"Old Uighur"},
["oum"] = {"Ouma"},
["ovd"] = {"Elfdalian", "Övdalian"},
["owi"] = {"Owiniga"},
["owl"] = {"Old Welsh"},
["oyb"] = {"Oy"},
["oyd"] = {"Oyda"},
["oym"] = {"Wayampi"},
["oyy"] = {"Oya'oya"},
["ozm"] = {"Koonzime"},
["paa"] = {"Papuan languages"},
["pab"] = {"Parecís"},
["pac"] = {"Pacoh"},
["pad"] = {"Paumarí"},
["pae"] = {"Pagibete"},
["paf"] = {"Paranawát"},
["pag"] = {"Pangasinan"},
["pah"] = {"Tenharim"},
["pai"] = {"Pe"},
["pak"] = {"Parakanã"},
["pal"] = {"Pahlavi"},
["pam"] = {"Pampanga", "Kapampangan"},
["pao"] = {"Northern Paiute"},
["pap"] = {"Papiamento"},
["paq"] = {"Parya"},
["par"] = {"Panamint", "Timbisha"},
["pas"] = {"Papasena"},
["pau"] = {"Palauan"},
["pav"] = {"Pakaásnovos"},
["paw"] = {"Pawnee"},
["pax"] = {"Pankararé"},
["pay"] = {"Pech"},
["paz"] = {"Pankararú"},
["pbb"] = {"Páez"},
["pbc"] = {"Patamona"},
["pbe"] = {"Mezontla Popoloca"},
["pbf"] = {"Coyotepec Popoloca"},
["pbg"] = {"Paraujano"},
["pbh"] = {"E'ñapa Woromaipu"},
["pbi"] = {"Parkwa"},
["pbl"] = {"Mak (Nigeria)"},
["pbm"] = {"Puebla Mazatec"},
["pbn"] = {"Kpasam"},
["pbo"] = {"Papel"},
["pbp"] = {"Badyara"},
["pbr"] = {"Pangwa"},
["pbs"] = {"Central Pame"},
["pbt"] = {"Southern Pashto"},
["pbu"] = {"Northern Pashto"},
["pbv"] = {"Pnar"},
["pby"] = {"Pyu (Papua New Guinea)"},
["pca"] = {"Santa Inés Ahuatempan Popoloca"},
["pcb"] = {"Pear"},
["pcc"] = {"Bouyei"},
["pcd"] = {"Picard"},
["pce"] = {"Ruching Palaung"},
["pcf"] = {"Paliyan"},
["pcg"] = {"Paniya"},
["pch"] = {"Pardhan"},
["pci"] = {"Duruwa"},
["pcj"] = {"Parenga"},
["pck"] = {"Paite Chin"},
["pcl"] = {"Pardhi"},
["pcm"] = {"Nigerian Pidgin"},
["pcn"] = {"Piti"},
["pcp"] = {"Pacahuara"},
["pcw"] = {"Pyapun"},
["pda"] = {"Anam"},
["pdc"] = {"Pennsylvania German"},
["pdi"] = {"Pa Di"},
["pdn"] = {"Podena", "Fedan"},
["pdo"] = {"Padoe"},
["pdt"] = {"Plautdietsch"},
["pdu"] = {"Kayan"},
["pea"] = {"Peranakan Indonesian"},
["peb"] = {"Eastern Pomo"},
["ped"] = {"Mala (Papua New Guinea)"},
["pee"] = {"Taje"},
["pef"] = {"Northeastern Pomo"},
["peg"] = {"Pengo"},
["peh"] = {"Bonan"},
["pei"] = {"Chichimeca-Jonaz"},
["pej"] = {"Northern Pomo"},
["pek"] = {"Penchal"},
["pel"] = {"Pekal"},
["pem"] = {"Phende"},
["peo"] = {"Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)"},
["pep"] = {"Kunja"},
["peq"] = {"Southern Pomo"},
["pes"] = {"Iranian Persian"},
["pev"] = {"Pémono"},
["pex"] = {"Petats"},
["pey"] = {"Petjo"},
["pez"] = {"Eastern Penan"},
["pfa"] = {"Pááfang"},
["pfe"] = {"Pere"},
["pfl"] = {"Pfaelzisch"},
["pga"] = {"Sudanese Creole Arabic"},
["pgd"] = {"Gāndhārī"},
["pgg"] = {"Pangwali"},
["pgi"] = {"Pagi"},
["pgk"] = {"Rerep"},
["pgl"] = {"Primitive Irish"},
["pgn"] = {"Paelignian"},
["pgs"] = {"Pangseng"},
["pgu"] = {"Pagu"},
["pgz"] = {"Papua New Guinean Sign Language"},
["pha"] = {"Pa-Hng"},
["phd"] = {"Phudagi"},
["phg"] = {"Phuong"},
["phh"] = {"Phukha"},
["phi"] = {"Philippine languages"},
["phj"] = {"Pahari"},
["phk"] = {"Phake"},
["phl"] = {"Phalura", "Palula"},
["phm"] = {"Phimbi"},
["phn"] = {"Phoenician"},
["pho"] = {"Phunoi"},
["phq"] = {"Phana'"},
["phr"] = {"Pahari-Potwari"},
["pht"] = {"Phu Thai"},
["phu"] = {"Phuan"},
["phv"] = {"Pahlavani"},
["phw"] = {"Phangduwali"},
["pia"] = {"Pima Bajo"},
["pib"] = {"Yine"},
["pic"] = {"Pinji"},
["pid"] = {"Piaroa"},
["pie"] = {"Piro"},
["pif"] = {"Pingelapese"},
["pig"] = {"Pisabo"},
["pih"] = {"Pitcairn-Norfolk"},
["pij"] = {"Pijao"},
["pil"] = {"Yom"},
["pim"] = {"Powhatan"},
["pin"] = {"Piame"},
["pio"] = {"Piapoco"},
["pip"] = {"Pero"},
["pir"] = {"Piratapuyo"},
["pis"] = {"Pijin"},
["pit"] = {"Pitta Pitta"},
["piu"] = {"Pintupi-Luritja"},
["piv"] = {"Pileni", "Vaeakau-Taumako"},
["piw"] = {"Pimbwe"},
["pix"] = {"Piu"},
["piy"] = {"Piya-Kwonci"},
["piz"] = {"Pije"},
["pjt"] = {"Pitjantjatjara"},
["pka"] = {"Ardhamāgadhī Prākrit"},
["pkb"] = {"Pokomo", "Kipfokomo"},
["pkc"] = {"Paekche"},
["pkg"] = {"Pak-Tong"},
["pkh"] = {"Pankhu"},
["pkn"] = {"Pakanha"},
["pko"] = {"Pökoot"},
["pkp"] = {"Pukapuka"},
["pkr"] = {"Attapady Kurumba"},
["pks"] = {"Pakistan Sign Language"},
["pkt"] = {"Maleng"},
["pku"] = {"Paku"},
["pla"] = {"Miani"},
["plb"] = {"Polonombauk"},
["plc"] = {"Central Palawano"},
["pld"] = {"Polari"},
["ple"] = {"Palu'e"},
["plf"] = {"Central Malayo-Polynesian languages"},
["plg"] = {"Pilagá"},
["plh"] = {"Paulohi"},
["plk"] = {"Kohistani Shina"},
["pll"] = {"Shwe Palaung"},
["pln"] = {"Palenquero"},
["plo"] = {"Oluta Popoluca"},
["plq"] = {"Palaic"},
["plr"] = {"Palaka Senoufo"},
["pls"] = {"San Marcos Tlacoyalco Popoloca", "San Marcos Tlalcoyalco Popoloca"},
["plt"] = {"Plateau Malagasy"},
["plu"] = {"Palikúr"},
["plv"] = {"Southwest Palawano"},
["plw"] = {"Brooke's Point Palawano"},
["ply"] = {"Bolyu"},
["plz"] = {"Paluan"},
["pma"] = {"Paama"},
["pmb"] = {"Pambia"},
["pmd"] = {"Pallanganmiddang"},
["pme"] = {"Pwaamei"},
["pmf"] = {"Pamona"},
["pmh"] = {"Māhārāṣṭri Prākrit"},
["pmi"] = {"Northern Pumi"},
["pmj"] = {"Southern Pumi"},
["pml"] = {"Lingua Franca"},
["pmm"] = {"Pomo"},
["pmn"] = {"Pam"},
["pmo"] = {"Pom"},
["pmq"] = {"Northern Pame"},
["pmr"] = {"Paynamar"},
["pms"] = {"Piemontese"},
["pmt"] = {"Tuamotuan"},
["pmw"] = {"Plains Miwok"},
["pmx"] = {"Poumei Naga"},
["pmy"] = {"Papuan Malay"},
["pmz"] = {"Southern Pame"},
["pna"] = {"Punan Bah-Biau"},
["pnb"] = {"Western Panjabi"},
["pnc"] = {"Pannei"},
["pnd"] = {"Mpinda"},
["pne"] = {"Western Penan"},
["png"] = {"Pangu", "Pongu"},
["pnh"] = {"Penrhyn"},
["pni"] = {"Aoheng"},
["pnj"] = {"Pinjarup"},
["pnk"] = {"Paunaka"},
["pnl"] = {"Paleni"},
["pnm"] = {"Punan Batu 1"},
["pnn"] = {"Pinai-Hagahai"},
["pno"] = {"Panobo"},
["pnp"] = {"Pancana"},
["pnq"] = {"Pana (Burkina Faso)"},
["pnr"] = {"Panim"},
["pns"] = {"Ponosakan"},
["pnt"] = {"Pontic"},
["pnu"] = {"Jiongnai Bunu"},
["pnv"] = {"Pinigura"},
["pnw"] = {"Banyjima", "Panytyima"},
["pnx"] = {"Phong-Kniang"},
["pny"] = {"Pinyin"},
["pnz"] = {"Pana (Central African Republic)"},
["poc"] = {"Poqomam"},
["poe"] = {"San Juan Atzingo Popoloca"},
["pof"] = {"Poke"},
["pog"] = {"Potiguára"},
["poh"] = {"Poqomchi'"},
["poi"] = {"Highland Popoluca"},
["pok"] = {"Pokangá"},
["pom"] = {"Southeastern Pomo"},
["pon"] = {"Pohnpeian"},
["poo"] = {"Central Pomo"},
["pop"] = {"Pwapwâ"},
["poq"] = {"Texistepec Popoluca"},
["pos"] = {"Sayula Popoluca"},
["pot"] = {"Potawatomi"},
["pov"] = {"Upper Guinea Crioulo"},
["pow"] = {"San Felipe Otlaltepec Popoloca"},
["pox"] = {"Polabian"},
["poy"] = {"Pogolo"},
["poz"] = {"Malayo-Polynesian languages"},
["ppe"] = {"Papi"},
["ppi"] = {"Paipai"},
["ppk"] = {"Uma"},
["ppl"] = {"Pipil", "Nicarao"},
["ppm"] = {"Papuma"},
["ppn"] = {"Papapana"},
["ppo"] = {"Folopa"},
["ppp"] = {"Pelende"},
["ppq"] = {"Pei"},
["pps"] = {"San Luís Temalacayuca Popoloca"},
["ppt"] = {"Pare"},
["ppu"] = {"Papora"},
["pqa"] = {"Pa'a"},
["pqe"] = {"Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages"},
["pqm"] = {"Malecite-Passamaquoddy"},
["pqw"] = {"Western Malayo-Polynesian languages"},
["pra"] = {"Prakrit languages"},
["prc"] = {"Parachi"},
["prd"] = {"Parsi-Dari"},
["pre"] = {"Principense"},
["prf"] = {"Paranan"},
["prg"] = {"Prussian"},
["prh"] = {"Porohanon"},
["pri"] = {"Paicî"},
["prk"] = {"Parauk"},
["prl"] = {"Peruvian Sign Language"},
["prm"] = {"Kibiri"},
["prn"] = {"Prasuni"},
["pro"] = {"Old Provençal (to 1500)", "Old Occitan (to 1500)"},
["prq"] = {"Ashéninka Perené"},
["prr"] = {"Puri"},
["prs"] = {"Dari", "Afghan Persian"},
["prt"] = {"Phai"},
["pru"] = {"Puragi"},
["prw"] = {"Parawen"},
["prx"] = {"Purik"},
["prz"] = {"Providencia Sign Language"},
["psa"] = {"Asue Awyu"},
["psc"] = {"Iranian Sign Language", "Persian Sign Language"},
["psd"] = {"Plains Indian Sign Language"},
["pse"] = {"Central Malay"},
["psg"] = {"Penang Sign Language"},
["psh"] = {"Southwest Pashai", "Southwest Pashayi"},
["psi"] = {"Southeast Pashai", "Southeast Pashayi"},
["psl"] = {"Puerto Rican Sign Language"},
["psm"] = {"Pauserna"},
["psn"] = {"Panasuan"},
["pso"] = {"Polish Sign Language"},
["psp"] = {"Philippine Sign Language"},
["psq"] = {"Pasi"},
["psr"] = {"Portuguese Sign Language"},
["pss"] = {"Kaulong"},
["pst"] = {"Central Pashto"},
["psu"] = {"Sauraseni Prākrit"},
["psw"] = {"Port Sandwich"},
["psy"] = {"Piscataway"},
["pta"] = {"Pai Tavytera"},
["pth"] = {"Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe"},
["pti"] = {"Pindiini", "Wangkatha"},
["ptn"] = {"Patani"},
["pto"] = {"Zo'é"},
["ptp"] = {"Patep"},
["ptq"] = {"Pattapu"},
["ptr"] = {"Piamatsina"},
["ptt"] = {"Enrekang"},
["ptu"] = {"Bambam"},
["ptv"] = {"Port Vato"},
["ptw"] = {"Pentlatch"},
["pty"] = {"Pathiya"},
["pua"] = {"Western Highland Purepecha"},
["pub"] = {"Purum"},
["puc"] = {"Punan Merap"},
["pud"] = {"Punan Aput"},
["pue"] = {"Puelche"},
["puf"] = {"Punan Merah"},
["pug"] = {"Phuie"},
["pui"] = {"Puinave"},
["puj"] = {"Punan Tubu"},
["pum"] = {"Puma"},
["puo"] = {"Puoc"},
["pup"] = {"Pulabu"},
["puq"] = {"Puquina"},
["pur"] = {"Puruborá"},
["put"] = {"Putoh"},
["puu"] = {"Punu"},
["puw"] = {"Puluwatese"},
["pux"] = {"Puare"},
["puy"] = {"Purisimeño"},
["pwa"] = {"Pawaia"},
["pwb"] = {"Panawa"},
["pwg"] = {"Gapapaiwa"},
["pwi"] = {"Patwin"},
["pwm"] = {"Molbog"},
["pwn"] = {"Paiwan"},
["pwo"] = {"Pwo Western Karen"},
["pwr"] = {"Powari"},
["pww"] = {"Pwo Northern Karen"},
["pxm"] = {"Quetzaltepec Mixe"},
["pye"] = {"Pye Krumen"},
["pym"] = {"Fyam"},
["pyn"] = {"Poyanáwa"},
["pys"] = {"Paraguayan Sign Language", "Lengua de Señas del Paraguay"},
["pyu"] = {"Puyuma"},
["pyx"] = {"Pyu (Myanmar)"},
["pyy"] = {"Pyen"},
["pze"] = {"Pesse"},
["pzh"] = {"Pazeh"},
["pzn"] = {"Jejara Naga", "Para Naga"},
["qua"] = {"Quapaw"},
["qub"] = {"Huallaga Huánuco Quechua"},
["quc"] = {"K'iche'", "Quiché"},
["qud"] = {"Calderón Highland Quichua"},
["quf"] = {"Lambayeque Quechua"},
["qug"] = {"Chimborazo Highland Quichua"},
["quh"] = {"South Bolivian Quechua"},
["qui"] = {"Quileute"},
["quk"] = {"Chachapoyas Quechua"},
["qul"] = {"North Bolivian Quechua"},
["qum"] = {"Sipacapense"},
["qun"] = {"Quinault"},
["qup"] = {"Southern Pastaza Quechua"},
["quq"] = {"Quinqui"},
["qur"] = {"Yanahuanca Pasco Quechua"},
["qus"] = {"Santiago del Estero Quichua"},
["quv"] = {"Sacapulteco"},
["quw"] = {"Tena Lowland Quichua"},
["qux"] = {"Yauyos Quechua"},
["quy"] = {"Ayacucho Quechua"},
["quz"] = {"Cusco Quechua"},
["qva"] = {"Ambo-Pasco Quechua"},
["qvc"] = {"Cajamarca Quechua"},
["qve"] = {"Eastern Apurímac Quechua"},
["qvh"] = {"Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco Quechua"},
["qvi"] = {"Imbabura Highland Quichua"},
["qvj"] = {"Loja Highland Quichua"},
["qvl"] = {"Cajatambo North Lima Quechua"},
["qvm"] = {"Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha Quechua"},
["qvn"] = {"North Junín Quechua"},
["qvo"] = {"Napo Lowland Quechua"},
["qvp"] = {"Pacaraos Quechua"},
["qvs"] = {"San Martín Quechua"},
["qvw"] = {"Huaylla Wanca Quechua"},
["qvy"] = {"Queyu"},
["qvz"] = {"Northern Pastaza Quichua"},
["qwa"] = {"Corongo Ancash Quechua"},
["qwc"] = {"Classical Quechua"},
["qwe"] = {"Quechuan (family)"},
["qwh"] = {"Huaylas Ancash Quechua"},
["qwm"] = {"Kuman (Russia)"},
["qws"] = {"Sihuas Ancash Quechua"},
["qwt"] = {"Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai"},
["qxa"] = {"Chiquián Ancash Quechua"},
["qxc"] = {"Chincha Quechua"},
["qxh"] = {"Panao Huánuco Quechua"},
["qxl"] = {"Salasaca Highland Quichua"},
["qxn"] = {"Northern Conchucos Ancash Quechua"},
["qxo"] = {"Southern Conchucos Ancash Quechua"},
["qxp"] = {"Puno Quechua"},
["qxq"] = {"Qashqa'i"},
["qxr"] = {"Cañar Highland Quichua"},
["qxs"] = {"Southern Qiang"},
["qxt"] = {"Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco Quechua"},
["qxu"] = {"Arequipa-La Unión Quechua"},
["qxw"] = {"Jauja Wanca Quechua"},
["qya"] = {"Quenya"},
["qyp"] = {"Quiripi"},
["raa"] = {"Dungmali"},
["rab"] = {"Camling"},
["rac"] = {"Rasawa"},
["rad"] = {"Rade"},
["raf"] = {"Western Meohang"},
["rag"] = {"Logooli", "Lulogooli"},
["rah"] = {"Rabha"},
["rai"] = {"Ramoaaina"},
["raj"] = {"Rajasthani"},
["rak"] = {"Tulu-Bohuai"},
["ral"] = {"Ralte"},
["ram"] = {"Canela"},
["ran"] = {"Riantana"},
["rao"] = {"Rao"},
["rap"] = {"Rapanui"},
["raq"] = {"Saam"},
["rar"] = {"Rarotongan", "Cook Islands Maori"},
["ras"] = {"Tegali"},
["rat"] = {"Razajerdi"},
["rau"] = {"Raute"},
["rav"] = {"Sampang"},
["raw"] = {"Rawang"},
["rax"] = {"Rang"},
["ray"] = {"Rapa"},
["raz"] = {"Rahambuu"},
["rbb"] = {"Rumai Palaung"},
["rbk"] = {"Northern Bontok"},
["rbl"] = {"Miraya Bikol"},
["rbp"] = {"Barababaraba"},
["rcf"] = {"Réunion Creole French"},
["rdb"] = {"Rudbari"},
["rea"] = {"Rerau"},
["reb"] = {"Rembong"},
["ree"] = {"Rejang Kayan"},
["reg"] = {"Kara (Tanzania)"},
["rei"] = {"Reli"},
["rej"] = {"Rejang"},
["rel"] = {"Rendille"},
["rem"] = {"Remo"},
["ren"] = {"Rengao"},
["rer"] = {"Rer Bare"},
["res"] = {"Reshe"},
["ret"] = {"Retta"},
["rey"] = {"Reyesano"},
["rga"] = {"Roria"},
["rge"] = {"Romano-Greek"},
["rgk"] = {"Rangkas"},
["rgn"] = {"Romagnol"},
["rgr"] = {"Resígaro"},
["rgs"] = {"Southern Roglai"},
["rgu"] = {"Ringgou"},
["rhg"] = {"Rohingya"},
["rhp"] = {"Yahang"},
["ria"] = {"Riang (India)"},
["rib"] = {"Bribri Sign Language"},
["rif"] = {"Tarifit"},
["ril"] = {"Riang Lang", "Riang (Myanmar)"},
["rim"] = {"Nyaturu"},
["rin"] = {"Nungu"},
["rir"] = {"Ribun"},
["rit"] = {"Ritharrngu"},
["riu"] = {"Riung"},
["rjg"] = {"Rajong"},
["rji"] = {"Raji"},
["rjs"] = {"Rajbanshi"},
["rka"] = {"Kraol"},
["rkb"] = {"Rikbaktsa"},
["rkh"] = {"Rakahanga-Manihiki"},
["rki"] = {"Rakhine"},
["rkm"] = {"Marka"},
["rkt"] = {"Rangpuri", "Kamta"},
["rkw"] = {"Arakwal"},
["rma"] = {"Rama"},
["rmb"] = {"Rembarrnga"},
["rmc"] = {"Carpathian Romani"},
["rmd"] = {"Traveller Danish"},
["rme"] = {"Angloromani"},
["rmf"] = {"Kalo Finnish Romani"},
["rmg"] = {"Traveller Norwegian"},
["rmh"] = {"Murkim"},
["rmi"] = {"Lomavren"},
["rmk"] = {"Romkun"},
["rml"] = {"Baltic Romani"},
["rmm"] = {"Roma"},
["rmn"] = {"Balkan Romani"},
["rmo"] = {"Sinte Romani"},
["rmp"] = {"Rempi"},
["rmq"] = {"Caló"},
["rms"] = {"Romanian Sign Language"},
["rmt"] = {"Domari"},
["rmu"] = {"Tavringer Romani"},
["rmv"] = {"Romanova"},
["rmw"] = {"Welsh Romani"},
["rmx"] = {"Romam"},
["rmy"] = {"Vlax Romani"},
["rmz"] = {"Marma"},
["rnb"] = {"Brunca Sign Language"},
["rnd"] = {"Ruund"},
["rng"] = {"Ronga"},
["rnl"] = {"Ranglong"},
["rnn"] = {"Roon"},
["rnp"] = {"Rongpo"},
["rnr"] = {"Nari Nari"},
["rnw"] = {"Rungwa"},
["roa"] = {"Romance languages"},
["rob"] = {"Tae'"},
["roc"] = {"Cacgia Roglai"},
["rod"] = {"Rogo"},
["roe"] = {"Ronji"},
["rof"] = {"Rombo"},
["rog"] = {"Northern Roglai"},
["rol"] = {"Romblomanon"},
["rom"] = {"Romany"},
["roo"] = {"Rotokas"},
["rop"] = {"Kriol"},
["ror"] = {"Rongga"},
["rou"] = {"Runga"},
["row"] = {"Dela-Oenale"},
["rpn"] = {"Repanbitip"},
["rpt"] = {"Rapting"},
["rri"] = {"Ririo"},
["rrm"] = {"Moriori"},
["rro"] = {"Waima"},
["rrt"] = {"Arritinngithigh"},
["rsb"] = {"Romano-Serbian"},
["rsk"] = {"Ruthenian", "Rusnak"},
["rsl"] = {"Russian Sign Language"},
["rsm"] = {"Miriwoong Sign Language"},
["rsn"] = {"Rwandan Sign Language"},
["rsw"] = {"Rishiwa"},
["rtc"] = {"Rungtu Chin"},
["rth"] = {"Ratahan"},
["rtm"] = {"Rotuman"},
["rts"] = {"Yurats"},
["rtw"] = {"Rathawi"},
["rub"] = {"Gungu"},
["ruc"] = {"Ruuli"},
["rue"] = {"Rusyn"},
["ruf"] = {"Luguru"},
["rug"] = {"Roviana"},
["ruh"] = {"Ruga"},
["rui"] = {"Rufiji"},
["ruk"] = {"Che"},
["ruo"] = {"Istro Romanian"},
["rup"] = {"Macedo-Romanian", "Aromanian", "Arumanian"},
["ruq"] = {"Megleno Romanian"},
["rut"] = {"Rutul"},
["ruu"] = {"Lanas Lobu"},
["ruy"] = {"Mala (Nigeria)"},
["ruz"] = {"Ruma"},
["rwa"] = {"Rawo"},
["rwk"] = {"Rwa"},
["rwl"] = {"Ruwila"},
["rwm"] = {"Amba (Uganda)"},
["rwo"] = {"Rawa"},
["rwr"] = {"Marwari (India)"},
["rxd"] = {"Ngardi"},
["rxw"] = {"Karuwali", "Garuwali"},
["ryn"] = {"Northern Amami-Oshima"},
["rys"] = {"Yaeyama"},
["ryu"] = {"Central Okinawan"},
["rzh"] = {"Rāziḥī"},
["saa"] = {"Saba"},
["sab"] = {"Buglere"},
["sac"] = {"Meskwaki"},
["sad"] = {"Sandawe"},
["sae"] = {"Sabanê"},
["saf"] = {"Safaliba"},
["sah"] = {"Yakut"},
["sai"] = {"South American Indian languages"},
["saj"] = {"Sahu"},
["sak"] = {"Sake"},
["sal"] = {"Salishan languages"},
["sam"] = {"Samaritan Aramaic"},
["sao"] = {"Sause"},
["saq"] = {"Samburu"},
["sar"] = {"Saraveca"},
["sas"] = {"Sasak"},
["sat"] = {"Santali"},
["sau"] = {"Saleman"},
["sav"] = {"Saafi-Saafi"},
["saw"] = {"Sawi"},
["sax"] = {"Sa"},
["say"] = {"Saya"},
["saz"] = {"Saurashtra"},
["sba"] = {"Ngambay"},
["sbb"] = {"Simbo"},
["sbc"] = {"Kele (Papua New Guinea)"},
["sbd"] = {"Southern Samo"},
["sbe"] = {"Saliba"},
["sbf"] = {"Chabu", "Shabo"},
["sbg"] = {"Seget"},
["sbh"] = {"Sori-Harengan"},
["sbi"] = {"Seti"},
["sbj"] = {"Surbakhal"},
["sbk"] = {"Safwa"},
["sbl"] = {"Botolan Sambal"},
["sbm"] = {"Sagala"},
["sbn"] = {"Sindhi Bhil"},
["sbo"] = {"Sabüm"},
["sbp"] = {"Sangu (Tanzania)"},
["sbq"] = {"Sileibi"},
["sbr"] = {"Sembakung Murut"},
["sbs"] = {"Subiya"},
["sbt"] = {"Kimki"},
["sbu"] = {"Stod Bhoti"},
["sbv"] = {"Sabine"},
["sbw"] = {"Simba"},
["sbx"] = {"Seberuang"},
["sby"] = {"Soli"},
["sbz"] = {"Sara Kaba"},
["scb"] = {"Chut"},
["sce"] = {"Dongxiang"},
["scf"] = {"San Miguel Creole French"},
["scg"] = {"Sanggau"},
["sch"] = {"Sakachep"},
["sci"] = {"Sri Lankan Creole Malay"},
["sck"] = {"Sadri"},
["scl"] = {"Shina"},
["scn"] = {"Sicilian"},
["sco"] = {"Scots"},
["scp"] = {"Hyolmo", "Helambu Sherpa"},
["scq"] = {"Sa'och"},
["scs"] = {"North Slavey", "Dene Kedé"},
["sct"] = {"Southern Katang"},
["scu"] = {"Shumcho"},
["scv"] = {"Sheni"},
["scw"] = {"Sha"},
["scx"] = {"Sicel"},
["scz"] = {"Shaetlan"},
["sda"] = {"Toraja-Sa'dan"},
["sdb"] = {"Shabak"},
["sdc"] = {"Sassarese Sardinian"},
["sde"] = {"Surubu"},
["sdf"] = {"Sarli"},
["sdg"] = {"Savi"},
["sdh"] = {"Southern Kurdish"},
["sdj"] = {"Suundi"},
["sdk"] = {"Sos Kundi"},
["sdl"] = {"Saudi Arabian Sign Language"},
["sdn"] = {"Gallurese Sardinian"},
["sdo"] = {"Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh"},
["sdp"] = {"Sherdukpen"},
["sdq"] = {"Semandang"},
["sdr"] = {"Oraon Sadri"},
["sds"] = {"Sened"},
["sdt"] = {"Shuadit"},
["sdu"] = {"Sarudu"},
["sdv"] = {"Eastern Sudanic languages"},
["sdx"] = {"Sibu Melanau"},
["sdz"] = {"Sallands"},
["sea"] = {"Semai"},
["seb"] = {"Shempire Senoufo"},
["sec"] = {"Sechelt", "She shashishalhem"},
["sed"] = {"Sedang"},
["see"] = {"Seneca"},
["sef"] = {"Cebaara Senoufo"},
["seg"] = {"Segeju"},
["seh"] = {"Sena"},
["sei"] = {"Seri"},
["sej"] = {"Sene"},
["sek"] = {"Sekani"},
["sel"] = {"Selkup"},
["sem"] = {"Semitic languages"},
["sen"] = {"Nanerigé Sénoufo"},
["seo"] = {"Suarmin"},
["sep"] = {"Sìcìté Sénoufo"},
["seq"] = {"Senara Sénoufo"},
["ser"] = {"Serrano"},
["ses"] = {"Koyraboro Senni Songhai"},
["set"] = {"Sentani"},
["seu"] = {"Serui-Laut"},
["sev"] = {"Nyarafolo Senoufo"},
["sew"] = {"Sewa Bay"},
["sey"] = {"Secoya"},
["sez"] = {"Senthang Chin"},
["sfb"] = {"Langue des signes de Belgique Francophone", "French Belgian Sign Language"},
["sfe"] = {"Eastern Subanen"},
["sfm"] = {"Small Flowery Miao"},
["sfs"] = {"South African Sign Language"},
["sfw"] = {"Sehwi"},
["sga"] = {"Old Irish (to 900)"},
["sgb"] = {"Mag-antsi Ayta"},
["sgc"] = {"Kipsigis"},
["sgd"] = {"Surigaonon"},
["sge"] = {"Segai"},
["sgg"] = {"Swiss-German Sign Language"},
["sgh"] = {"Shughni"},
["sgi"] = {"Suga"},
["sgj"] = {"Surgujia"},
["sgk"] = {"Sangkong"},
["sgm"] = {"Singa"},
["sgn"] = {"Sign languages"},
["sgp"] = {"Singpho"},
["sgr"] = {"Sangisari"},
["sgs"] = {"Samogitian"},
["sgt"] = {"Brokpake"},
["sgu"] = {"Salas"},
["sgw"] = {"Sebat Bet Gurage"},
["sgx"] = {"Sierra Leone Sign Language"},
["sgy"] = {"Sanglechi"},
["sgz"] = {"Sursurunga"},
["sha"] = {"Shall-Zwall"},
["shb"] = {"Ninam"},
["shc"] = {"Sonde"},
["shd"] = {"Kundal Shahi"},
["she"] = {"Sheko"},
["shg"] = {"Shua"},
["shh"] = {"Shoshoni"},
["shi"] = {"Tachelhit"},
["shj"] = {"Shatt"},
["shk"] = {"Shilluk"},
["shm"] = {"Shahrudi"},
["shn"] = {"Shan"},
["sho"] = {"Shanga"},
["shp"] = {"Shipibo-Conibo"},
["shq"] = {"Sala"},
["shr"] = {"Shi"},
["shs"] = {"Shuswap", "Secwepemctsín"},
["sht"] = {"Shasta"},
["shu"] = {"Chadian Arabic"},
["shv"] = {"Shehri"},
["shw"] = {"Shwai"},
["shx"] = {"She"},
["shy"] = {"Tachawit"},
["shz"] = {"Syenara Senoufo"},
["sia"] = {"Akkala Sami"},
["sib"] = {"Sebop"},
["sid"] = {"Sidamo"},
["sie"] = {"Simaa"},
["sif"] = {"Siamou"},
["sig"] = {"Paasaal"},
["sih"] = {"Zire", "Sîshëë"},
["sii"] = {"Shom Peng"},
["sij"] = {"Numbami"},
["sik"] = {"Sikiana"},
["sil"] = {"Tumulung Sisaala"},
["sim"] = {"Mende (Papua New Guinea)"},
["sio"] = {"Siouan languages"},
["sip"] = {"Sikkimese"},
["siq"] = {"Sonia"},
["sir"] = {"Siri"},
["sis"] = {"Siuslaw"},
["sit"] = {"Sino-Tibetan languages"},
["siu"] = {"Sinagen"},
["siv"] = {"Sumariup"},
["siw"] = {"Siwai"},
["six"] = {"Sumau"},
["siy"] = {"Sivandi"},
["siz"] = {"Siwi"},
["sja"] = {"Epena"},
["sjb"] = {"Sajau Basap"},
["sjc"] = {"Shaojiang Chinese"},
["sjd"] = {"Kildin Sami"},
["sje"] = {"Pite Sami"},
["sjg"] = {"Assangori"},
["sjk"] = {"Kemi Sami"},
["sjl"] = {"Sajalong", "Miji"},
["sjm"] = {"Mapun"},
["sjn"] = {"Sindarin"},
["sjo"] = {"Xibe"},
["sjp"] = {"Surjapuri"},
["sjr"] = {"Siar-Lak"},
["sjs"] = {"Senhaja De Srair"},
["sjt"] = {"Ter Sami"},
["sju"] = {"Ume Sami"},
["sjw"] = {"Shawnee"},
["ska"] = {"Skagit"},
["skb"] = {"Saek"},
["skc"] = {"Ma Manda"},
["skd"] = {"Southern Sierra Miwok"},
["ske"] = {"Seke (Vanuatu)"},
["skf"] = {"Sakirabiá"},
["skg"] = {"Sakalava Malagasy"},
["skh"] = {"Sikule"},
["ski"] = {"Sika"},
["skj"] = {"Seke (Nepal)"},
["skm"] = {"Kutong"},
["skn"] = {"Kolibugan Subanon"},
["sko"] = {"Seko Tengah"},
["skp"] = {"Sekapan"},
["skq"] = {"Sininkere"},
["skr"] = {"Saraiki", "Seraiki"},
["sks"] = {"Maia"},
["skt"] = {"Sakata"},
["sku"] = {"Sakao"},
["skv"] = {"Skou"},
["skw"] = {"Skepi Creole Dutch"},
["skx"] = {"Seko Padang"},
["sky"] = {"Sikaiana"},
["skz"] = {"Sekar"},
["sla"] = {"Slavic languages"},
["slc"] = {"Sáliba"},
["sld"] = {"Sissala"},
["sle"] = {"Sholaga"},
["slf"] = {"Swiss-Italian Sign Language"},
["slg"] = {"Selungai Murut"},
["slh"] = {"Southern Puget Sound Salish"},
["sli"] = {"Lower Silesian"},
["slj"] = {"Salumá"},
["sll"] = {"Salt-Yui"},
["slm"] = {"Pangutaran Sama"},
["sln"] = {"Salinan"},
["slp"] = {"Lamaholot"},
["slr"] = {"Salar"},
["sls"] = {"Singapore Sign Language"},
["slt"] = {"Sila"},
["slu"] = {"Selaru"},
["slw"] = {"Sialum"},
["slx"] = {"Salampasu"},
["sly"] = {"Selayar"},
["slz"] = {"Ma'ya"},
["sma"] = {"Southern Sami"},
["smb"] = {"Simbari"},
["smc"] = {"Som"},
["smf"] = {"Auwe"},
["smg"] = {"Simbali"},
["smh"] = {"Samei"},
["smi"] = {"Sami languages"},
["smj"] = {"Lule Sami"},
["smk"] = {"Bolinao"},
["sml"] = {"Central Sama"},
["smm"] = {"Musasa"},
["smn"] = {"Inari Sami"},
["smp"] = {"Samaritan"},
["smq"] = {"Samo"},
["smr"] = {"Simeulue"},
["sms"] = {"Skolt Sami"},
["smt"] = {"Simte"},
["smu"] = {"Somray"},
["smv"] = {"Samvedi"},
["smw"] = {"Sumbawa"},
["smx"] = {"Samba"},
["smy"] = {"Semnani"},
["smz"] = {"Simeku"},
["snc"] = {"Sinaugoro"},
["sne"] = {"Bau Bidayuh"},
["snf"] = {"Noon"},
["sng"] = {"Sanga (Democratic Republic of Congo)"},
["sni"] = {"Sensi"},
["snj"] = {"Riverain Sango"},
["snk"] = {"Soninke"},
["snl"] = {"Sangil"},
["snm"] = {"Southern Ma'di"},
["snn"] = {"Siona"},
["sno"] = {"Snohomish"},
["snp"] = {"Siane"},
["snq"] = {"Sangu (Gabon)"},
["snr"] = {"Sihan"},
["sns"] = {"South West Bay", "Nahavaq"},
["snu"] = {"Senggi", "Viid"},
["snv"] = {"Sa'ban"},
["snw"] = {"Selee"},
["snx"] = {"Sam"},
["sny"] = {"Saniyo-Hiyewe"},
["snz"] = {"Kou"},
["soa"] = {"Thai Song"},
["sob"] = {"Sobei"},
["soc"] = {"So (Democratic Republic of Congo)"},
["sod"] = {"Songoora"},
["soe"] = {"Songomeno"},
["sog"] = {"Sogdian"},
["soh"] = {"Aka"},
["soi"] = {"Sonha"},
["soj"] = {"Soi"},
["sok"] = {"Sokoro"},
["sol"] = {"Solos"},
["son"] = {"Songhai languages"},
["soo"] = {"Songo"},
["sop"] = {"Songe"},
["soq"] = {"Kanasi"},
["sor"] = {"Somrai"},
["sos"] = {"Seeku"},
["sou"] = {"Southern Thai"},
["sov"] = {"Sonsorol"},
["sow"] = {"Sowanda"},
["sox"] = {"Swo"},
["soy"] = {"Miyobe"},
["soz"] = {"Temi"},
["spb"] = {"Sepa (Indonesia)"},
["spc"] = {"Sapé"},
["spd"] = {"Saep"},
["spe"] = {"Sepa (Papua New Guinea)"},
["spg"] = {"Sian"},
["spi"] = {"Saponi"},
["spk"] = {"Sengo"},
["spl"] = {"Selepet"},
["spm"] = {"Akukem"},
["spn"] = {"Sanapaná"},
["spo"] = {"Spokane"},
["spp"] = {"Supyire Senoufo"},
["spq"] = {"Loreto-Ucayali Spanish"},
["spr"] = {"Saparua"},
["sps"] = {"Saposa"},
["spt"] = {"Spiti Bhoti"},
["spu"] = {"Sapuan"},
["spv"] = {"Sambalpuri", "Kosli"},
["spx"] = {"South Picene"},
["spy"] = {"Sabaot"},
["sqa"] = {"Shama-Sambuga"},
["sqh"] = {"Shau"},
["sqj"] = {"Albanian languages"},
["sqk"] = {"Albanian Sign Language"},
["sqm"] = {"Suma"},
["sqn"] = {"Susquehannock"},
["sqo"] = {"Sorkhei"},
["sqq"] = {"Sou"},
["sqr"] = {"Siculo Arabic"},
["sqs"] = {"Sri Lankan Sign Language"},
["sqt"] = {"Soqotri"},
["squ"] = {"Squamish", "Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim"},
["sqx"] = {"Kufr Qassem Sign Language (KQSL)"},
["sra"] = {"Saruga"},
["srb"] = {"Sora"},
["src"] = {"Logudorese Sardinian"},
["sre"] = {"Sara"},
["srf"] = {"Nafi"},
["srg"] = {"Sulod"},
["srh"] = {"Sarikoli"},
["sri"] = {"Siriano"},
["srk"] = {"Serudung Murut"},
["srl"] = {"Isirawa"},
["srm"] = {"Saramaccan"},
["srn"] = {"Sranan Tongo"},
["sro"] = {"Campidanese Sardinian"},
["srq"] = {"Sirionó"},
["srr"] = {"Serer"},
["srs"] = {"Tsuut'ina", "Sarsi"},
["srt"] = {"Sauri"},
["sru"] = {"Suruí"},
["srv"] = {"Southern Sorsoganon"},
["srw"] = {"Serua"},
["srx"] = {"Sirmauri"},
["sry"] = {"Sera"},
["srz"] = {"Shahmirzadi"},
["ssa"] = {"Nilo-Saharan languages"},
["ssb"] = {"Southern Sama"},
["ssc"] = {"Suba-Simbiti"},
["ssd"] = {"Siroi"},
["sse"] = {"Balangingi", "Bangingih Sama"},
["ssf"] = {"Thao"},
["ssg"] = {"Seimat"},
["ssh"] = {"Shihhi Arabic"},
["ssi"] = {"Sansi"},
["ssj"] = {"Sausi"},
["ssk"] = {"Sunam"},
["ssl"] = {"Western Sisaala"},
["ssm"] = {"Semnam"},
["ssn"] = {"Waata"},
["sso"] = {"Sissano"},
["ssp"] = {"Spanish Sign Language"},
["ssq"] = {"So'a"},
["ssr"] = {"Swiss-French Sign Language"},
["sss"] = {"Sô"},
["sst"] = {"Sinasina"},
["ssu"] = {"Susuami"},
["ssv"] = {"Shark Bay"},
["ssx"] = {"Samberigi"},
["ssy"] = {"Saho"},
["ssz"] = {"Sengseng"},
["sta"] = {"Settla"},
["stb"] = {"Northern Subanen"},
["std"] = {"Sentinel"},
["ste"] = {"Liana-Seti"},
["stf"] = {"Seta"},
["stg"] = {"Trieng"},
["sth"] = {"Shelta"},
["sti"] = {"Bulo Stieng"},
["stj"] = {"Matya Samo"},
["stk"] = {"Arammba"},
["stl"] = {"Stellingwerfs"},
["stm"] = {"Setaman"},
["stn"] = {"Owa"},
["sto"] = {"Stoney"},
["stp"] = {"Southeastern Tepehuan"},
["stq"] = {"Saterfriesisch"},
["str"] = {"Straits Salish"},
["sts"] = {"Shumashti"},
["stt"] = {"Budeh Stieng"},
["stu"] = {"Samtao"},
["stv"] = {"Silt'e"},
["stw"] = {"Satawalese"},
["sty"] = {"Siberian Tatar"},
["sua"] = {"Sulka"},
["sub"] = {"Suku"},
["suc"] = {"Western Subanon"},
["sue"] = {"Suena"},
["sug"] = {"Suganga"},
["sui"] = {"Suki"},
["suj"] = {"Shubi"},
["suk"] = {"Sukuma"},
["suo"] = {"Bouni"},
["suq"] = {"Tirmaga-Chai Suri", "Suri"},
["sur"] = {"Mwaghavul"},
["sus"] = {"Susu"},
["sut"] = {"Subtiaba"},
["suv"] = {"Puroik"},
["suw"] = {"Sumbwa"},
["sux"] = {"Sumerian"},
["suy"] = {"Suyá"},
["suz"] = {"Sunwar"},
["sva"] = {"Svan"},
["svb"] = {"Ulau-Suain"},
["svc"] = {"Vincentian Creole English"},
["sve"] = {"Serili"},
["svk"] = {"Slovakian Sign Language"},
["svm"] = {"Slavomolisano"},
["svs"] = {"Savosavo"},
["svx"] = {"Skalvian"},
["swb"] = {"Maore Comorian"},
["swc"] = {"Congo Swahili"},
["swf"] = {"Sere"},
["swg"] = {"Swabian"},
["swh"] = {"Swahili (individual language)", "Kiswahili"},
["swi"] = {"Sui"},
["swj"] = {"Sira"},
["swk"] = {"Malawi Sena"},
["swl"] = {"Swedish Sign Language"},
["swm"] = {"Samosa"},
["swn"] = {"Sawknah"},
["swo"] = {"Shanenawa"},
["swp"] = {"Suau"},
["swq"] = {"Sharwa"},
["swr"] = {"Saweru"},
["sws"] = {"Seluwasan"},
["swt"] = {"Sawila"},
["swu"] = {"Suwawa"},
["swv"] = {"Shekhawati"},
["sww"] = {"Sowa"},
["swx"] = {"Suruahá"},
["swy"] = {"Sarua"},
["sxb"] = {"Suba"},
["sxc"] = {"Sicanian"},
["sxe"] = {"Sighu"},
["sxg"] = {"Shuhi", "Shixing"},
["sxk"] = {"Southern Kalapuya"},
["sxl"] = {"Selian"},
["sxm"] = {"Samre"},
["sxn"] = {"Sangir"},
["sxo"] = {"Sorothaptic"},
["sxr"] = {"Saaroa"},
["sxs"] = {"Sasaru"},
["sxu"] = {"Upper Saxon"},
["sxw"] = {"Saxwe Gbe"},
["sya"] = {"Siang"},
["syb"] = {"Central Subanen"},
["syc"] = {"Classical Syriac"},
["syd"] = {"Samoyedic languages"},
["syi"] = {"Seki"},
["syk"] = {"Sukur"},
["syl"] = {"Sylheti"},
["sym"] = {"Maya Samo"},
["syn"] = {"Senaya"},
["syo"] = {"Suoy"},
["syr"] = {"Syriac"},
["sys"] = {"Sinyar"},
["syw"] = {"Kagate"},
["syx"] = {"Samay"},
["syy"] = {"Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language"},
["sza"] = {"Semelai"},
["szb"] = {"Ngalum"},
["szc"] = {"Semaq Beri"},
["sze"] = {"Seze"},
["szg"] = {"Sengele"},
["szl"] = {"Silesian"},
["szn"] = {"Sula"},
["szp"] = {"Suabo"},
["szs"] = {"Solomon Islands Sign Language"},
["szv"] = {"Isubu", "Isu (Fako Division)"},
["szw"] = {"Sawai"},
["szy"] = {"Sakizaya"},
["taa"] = {"Lower Tanana"},
["tab"] = {"Tabassaran"},
["tac"] = {"Lowland Tarahumara"},
["tad"] = {"Tause"},
["tae"] = {"Tariana"},
["taf"] = {"Tapirapé"},
["tag"] = {"Tagoi"},
["tai"] = {"Tai languages"},
["taj"] = {"Eastern Tamang"},
["tak"] = {"Tala"},
["tal"] = {"Tal"},
["tan"] = {"Tangale"},
["tao"] = {"Yami"},
["tap"] = {"Taabwa"},
["taq"] = {"Tamasheq"},
["tar"] = {"Central Tarahumara"},
["tas"] = {"Tay Boi"},
["tau"] = {"Upper Tanana"},
["tav"] = {"Tatuyo"},
["taw"] = {"Tai"},
["tax"] = {"Tamki"},
["tay"] = {"Atayal"},
["taz"] = {"Tocho"},
["tba"] = {"Aikanã"},
["tbc"] = {"Takia"},
["tbd"] = {"Kaki Ae"},
["tbe"] = {"Tanimbili"},
["tbf"] = {"Mandara"},
["tbg"] = {"North Tairora"},
["tbh"] = {"Dharawal", "Thurawal"},
["tbi"] = {"Gaam"},
["tbj"] = {"Tiang"},
["tbk"] = {"Calamian Tagbanwa"},
["tbl"] = {"Tboli"},
["tbm"] = {"Tagbu"},
["tbn"] = {"Barro Negro Tunebo"},
["tbo"] = {"Tawala"},
["tbp"] = {"Taworta", "Diebroud"},
["tbq"] = {"Tibeto-Burman languages"},
["tbr"] = {"Tumtum"},
["tbs"] = {"Tanguat"},
["tbt"] = {"Tembo (Kitembo)"},
["tbu"] = {"Tubar"},
["tbv"] = {"Tobo"},
["tbw"] = {"Tagbanwa"},
["tbx"] = {"Kapin"},
["tby"] = {"Tabaru"},
["tbz"] = {"Ditammari"},
["tca"] = {"Ticuna"},
["tcb"] = {"Tanacross"},
["tcc"] = {"Datooga"},
["tcd"] = {"Tafi"},
["tce"] = {"Southern Tutchone", "Dän K'è"},
["tcf"] = {"Malinaltepec Me'phaa", "Malinaltepec Tlapanec"},
["tcg"] = {"Tamagario"},
["tch"] = {"Turks And Caicos Creole English"},
["tci"] = {"Wára"},
["tck"] = {"Tchitchege"},
["tcl"] = {"Taman (Myanmar)"},
["tcm"] = {"Tanahmerah"},
["tcn"] = {"Tichurong"},
["tco"] = {"Taungyo"},
["tcp"] = {"Tawr Chin"},
["tcq"] = {"Kaiy"},
["tcs"] = {"Torres Strait Creole", "Yumplatok"},
["tct"] = {"T'en"},
["tcu"] = {"Southeastern Tarahumara"},
["tcw"] = {"Tecpatlán Totonac"},
["tcx"] = {"Toda"},
["tcy"] = {"Tulu"},
["tcz"] = {"Thado Chin"},
["tda"] = {"Tagdal"},
["tdb"] = {"Panchpargania"},
["tdc"] = {"Emberá-Tadó"},
["tdd"] = {"Tai Nüa"},
["tde"] = {"Tiranige Diga Dogon"},
["tdf"] = {"Talieng"},
["tdg"] = {"Western Tamang"},
["tdh"] = {"Thulung"},
["tdi"] = {"Tomadino"},
["tdj"] = {"Tajio"},
["tdk"] = {"Tambas"},
["tdl"] = {"Sur"},
["tdm"] = {"Taruma"},
["tdn"] = {"Tondano"},
["tdo"] = {"Teme"},
["tdq"] = {"Tita"},
["tdr"] = {"Todrah"},
["tds"] = {"Doutai"},
["tdt"] = {"Tetun Dili"},
["tdv"] = {"Toro"},
["tdx"] = {"Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy"},
["tdy"] = {"Tadyawan"},
["tea"] = {"Temiar"},
["teb"] = {"Tetete"},
["tec"] = {"Terik"},
["ted"] = {"Tepo Krumen"},
["tee"] = {"Huehuetla Tepehua"},
["tef"] = {"Teressa"},
["teg"] = {"Teke-Tege"},
["teh"] = {"Tehuelche"},
["tei"] = {"Torricelli"},
["tek"] = {"Ibali Teke"},
["tem"] = {"Timne"},
["ten"] = {"Tama (Colombia)"},
["teo"] = {"Teso"},
["tep"] = {"Tepecano"},
["teq"] = {"Temein"},
["ter"] = {"Tereno"},
["tes"] = {"Tengger"},
["tet"] = {"Tetum"},
["teu"] = {"Soo"},
["tev"] = {"Teor"},
["tew"] = {"Tewa (USA)"},
["tex"] = {"Tennet"},
["tey"] = {"Tulishi"},
["tez"] = {"Tetserret"},
["tfi"] = {"Tofin Gbe"},
["tfn"] = {"Tanaina"},
["tfo"] = {"Tefaro"},
["tfr"] = {"Teribe"},
["tft"] = {"Ternate"},
["tga"] = {"Sagalla"},
["tgb"] = {"Tobilung"},
["tgc"] = {"Tigak"},
["tgd"] = {"Ciwogai"},
["tge"] = {"Eastern Gorkha Tamang"},
["tgf"] = {"Chalikha"},
["tgh"] = {"Tobagonian Creole English"},
["tgi"] = {"Lawunuia"},
["tgj"] = {"Tagin"},
["tgn"] = {"Tandaganon"},
["tgo"] = {"Sudest"},
["tgp"] = {"Tangoa"},
["tgq"] = {"Tring"},
["tgr"] = {"Tareng"},
["tgs"] = {"Nume"},
["tgt"] = {"Central Tagbanwa"},
["tgu"] = {"Tanggu"},
["tgv"] = {"Tingui-Boto"},
["tgw"] = {"Tagwana Senoufo"},
["tgx"] = {"Tagish"},
["tgy"] = {"Togoyo"},
["tgz"] = {"Tagalaka"},
["thd"] = {"Kuuk Thaayorre", "Thayore"},
["the"] = {"Chitwania Tharu"},
["thf"] = {"Thangmi"},
["thh"] = {"Northern Tarahumara"},
["thi"] = {"Tai Long"},
["thk"] = {"Tharaka", "Kitharaka"},
["thl"] = {"Dangaura Tharu"},
["thm"] = {"Aheu"},
["thn"] = {"Thachanadan"},
["thp"] = {"Thompson", "Nłeʔkepmxcín", "Thompson River Salish"},
["thq"] = {"Kochila Tharu"},
["thr"] = {"Rana Tharu"},
["ths"] = {"Thakali"},
["tht"] = {"Tahltan", "Tāłtān"},
["thu"] = {"Thuri"},
["thv"] = {"Tahaggart Tamahaq"},
["thy"] = {"Tha"},
["thz"] = {"Tayart Tamajeq"},
["tia"] = {"Tidikelt Tamazight"},
["tic"] = {"Tira"},
["tif"] = {"Tifal"},
["tig"] = {"Tigre"},
["tih"] = {"Timugon Murut"},
["tii"] = {"Tiene"},
["tij"] = {"Tilung"},
["tik"] = {"Tikar"},
["til"] = {"Tillamook"},
["tim"] = {"Timbe"},
["tin"] = {"Tindi"},
["tio"] = {"Teop"},
["tip"] = {"Trimuris"},
["tiq"] = {"Tiéfo"},
["tis"] = {"Masadiit Itneg"},
["tit"] = {"Tinigua"},
["tiu"] = {"Adasen"},
["tiv"] = {"Tiv"},
["tiw"] = {"Tiwi"},
["tix"] = {"Southern Tiwa"},
["tiy"] = {"Tiruray"},
["tiz"] = {"Tai Hongjin"},
["tja"] = {"Tajuasohn"},
["tjg"] = {"Tunjung"},
["tji"] = {"Northern Tujia"},
["tjj"] = {"Tjungundji"},
["tjl"] = {"Tai Laing"},
["tjm"] = {"Timucua"},
["tjn"] = {"Tonjon"},
["tjo"] = {"Temacine Tamazight"},
["tjp"] = {"Tjupany"},
["tjs"] = {"Southern Tujia"},
["tju"] = {"Tjurruru"},
["tjw"] = {"Djabwurrung"},
["tka"] = {"Truká"},
["tkb"] = {"Buksa"},
["tkd"] = {"Tukudede"},
["tke"] = {"Takwane"},
["tkf"] = {"Tukumanféd"},
["tkg"] = {"Tesaka Malagasy"},
["tkl"] = {"Tokelau"},
["tkm"] = {"Takelma"},
["tkn"] = {"Toku-No-Shima"},
["tkp"] = {"Tikopia"},
["tkq"] = {"Tee"},
["tkr"] = {"Tsakhur"},
["tks"] = {"Takestani"},
["tkt"] = {"Kathoriya Tharu"},
["tku"] = {"Upper Necaxa Totonac"},
["tkv"] = {"Mur Pano"},
["tkw"] = {"Teanu"},
["tkx"] = {"Tangko"},
["tkz"] = {"Takua"},
["tla"] = {"Southwestern Tepehuan"},
["tlb"] = {"Tobelo"},
["tlc"] = {"Yecuatla Totonac"},
["tld"] = {"Talaud"},
["tlf"] = {"Telefol"},
["tlg"] = {"Tofanma"},
["tlh"] = {"Klingon", "tlhIngan Hol"},
["tli"] = {"Tlingit"},
["tlj"] = {"Talinga-Bwisi"},
["tlk"] = {"Taloki"},
["tll"] = {"Tetela"},
["tlm"] = {"Tolomako"},
["tln"] = {"Talondo'"},
["tlo"] = {"Talodi"},
["tlp"] = {"Filomena Mata-Coahuitlán Totonac"},
["tlq"] = {"Tai Loi"},
["tlr"] = {"Talise"},
["tls"] = {"Tambotalo"},
["tlt"] = {"Sou Nama", "Teluti"},
["tlu"] = {"Tulehu"},
["tlv"] = {"Taliabu"},
["tlx"] = {"Khehek"},
["tly"] = {"Talysh"},
["tma"] = {"Tama (Chad)"},
["tmb"] = {"Katbol", "Avava"},
["tmc"] = {"Tumak"},
["tmd"] = {"Haruai"},
["tme"] = {"Tremembé"},
["tmf"] = {"Toba-Maskoy"},
["tmg"] = {"Ternateño"},
["tmh"] = {"Tamashek"},
["tmi"] = {"Tutuba"},
["tmj"] = {"Samarokena"},
["tml"] = {"Tamnim Citak"},
["tmm"] = {"Tai Thanh"},
["tmn"] = {"Taman (Indonesia)"},
["tmo"] = {"Temoq"},
["tmq"] = {"Tumleo"},
["tmr"] = {"Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (ca. 200-1200 CE)"},
["tms"] = {"Tima"},
["tmt"] = {"Tasmate"},
["tmu"] = {"Iau"},
["tmv"] = {"Tembo (Motembo)"},
["tmw"] = {"Temuan"},
["tmy"] = {"Tami"},
["tmz"] = {"Tamanaku"},
["tna"] = {"Tacana"},
["tnb"] = {"Western Tunebo"},
["tnc"] = {"Tanimuca-Retuarã"},
["tnd"] = {"Angosturas Tunebo"},
["tng"] = {"Tobanga"},
["tnh"] = {"Maiani"},
["tni"] = {"Tandia"},
["tnk"] = {"Kwamera"},
["tnl"] = {"Lenakel"},
["tnm"] = {"Tabla"},
["tnn"] = {"North Tanna"},
["tno"] = {"Toromono"},
["tnp"] = {"Whitesands"},
["tnq"] = {"Taino"},
["tnr"] = {"Ménik"},
["tns"] = {"Tenis"},
["tnt"] = {"Tontemboan"},
["tnu"] = {"Tay Khang"},
["tnv"] = {"Tangchangya"},
["tnw"] = {"Tonsawang"},
["tnx"] = {"Tanema"},
["tny"] = {"Tongwe"},
["tnz"] = {"Ten'edn"},
["tob"] = {"Toba"},
["toc"] = {"Coyutla Totonac"},
["tod"] = {"Toma"},
["tof"] = {"Gizrra"},
["tog"] = {"Tonga (Nyasa)"},
["toh"] = {"Gitonga"},
["toi"] = {"Tonga (Zambia)"},
["toj"] = {"Tojolabal"},
["tok"] = {"Toki Pona"},
["tol"] = {"Tolowa"},
["tom"] = {"Tombulu"},
["too"] = {"Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac"},
["top"] = {"Papantla Totonac"},
["toq"] = {"Toposa"},
["tor"] = {"Togbo-Vara Banda"},
["tos"] = {"Highland Totonac"},
["tou"] = {"Tho"},
["tov"] = {"Upper Taromi"},
["tow"] = {"Jemez"},
["tox"] = {"Tobian"},
["toy"] = {"Topoiyo"},
["toz"] = {"To"},
["tpa"] = {"Taupota"},
["tpc"] = {"Azoyú Me'phaa", "Azoyú Tlapanec"},
["tpe"] = {"Tippera"},
["tpf"] = {"Tarpia"},
["tpg"] = {"Kula"},
["tpi"] = {"Tok Pisin"},
["tpj"] = {"Tapieté"},
["tpk"] = {"Tupinikin"},
["tpl"] = {"Tlacoapa Me'phaa", "Tlacoapa Tlapanec"},
["tpm"] = {"Tampulma"},
["tpn"] = {"Tupinambá"},
["tpo"] = {"Tai Pao"},
["tpp"] = {"Pisaflores Tepehua"},
["tpq"] = {"Tukpa"},
["tpr"] = {"Tuparí"},
["tpt"] = {"Tlachichilco Tepehua"},
["tpu"] = {"Tampuan"},
["tpv"] = {"Tanapag"},
["tpx"] = {"Acatepec Me'phaa", "Acatepec Tlapanec"},
["tpy"] = {"Trumai"},
["tpz"] = {"Tinputz"},
["tqb"] = {"Tembé"},
["tql"] = {"Lehali"},
["tqm"] = {"Turumsa"},
["tqn"] = {"Tenino"},
["tqo"] = {"Toaripi"},
["tqp"] = {"Tomoip"},
["tqq"] = {"Tunni"},
["tqr"] = {"Torona"},
["tqt"] = {"Western Totonac"},
["tqu"] = {"Touo"},
["tqw"] = {"Tonkawa"},
["tra"] = {"Tirahi"},
["trb"] = {"Terebu"},
["trc"] = {"Copala Triqui"},
["trd"] = {"Turi"},
["tre"] = {"East Tarangan"},
["trf"] = {"Trinidadian Creole English"},
["trg"] = {"Lishán Didán"},
["trh"] = {"Turaka"},
["tri"] = {"Trió"},
["trj"] = {"Toram"},
["trk"] = {"Turkic languages"},
["trl"] = {"Traveller Scottish"},
["trm"] = {"Tregami"},
["trn"] = {"Trinitario"},
["tro"] = {"Tarao Naga"},
["trp"] = {"Kok Borok"},
["trq"] = {"San Martín Itunyoso Triqui"},
["trr"] = {"Taushiro"},
["trs"] = {"Chicahuaxtla Triqui"},
["trt"] = {"Tunggare"},
["tru"] = {"Turoyo", "Surayt"},
["trv"] = {"Sediq", "Seediq", "Taroko"},
["trw"] = {"Torwali"},
["trx"] = {"Tringgus-Sembaan Bidayuh"},
["try"] = {"Turung"},
["trz"] = {"Torá"},
["tsa"] = {"Tsaangi"},
["tsb"] = {"Tsamai"},
["tsc"] = {"Tswa"},
["tsd"] = {"Tsakonian"},
["tse"] = {"Tunisian Sign Language"},
["tsg"] = {"Tausug"},
["tsh"] = {"Tsuvan"},
["tsi"] = {"Tsimshian"},
["tsj"] = {"Tshangla"},
["tsk"] = {"Tseku"},
["tsl"] = {"Ts'ün-Lao"},
["tsm"] = {"Turkish Sign Language", "Türk İşaret Dili"},
["tsp"] = {"Northern Toussian"},
["tsq"] = {"Thai Sign Language"},
["tsr"] = {"Akei"},
["tss"] = {"Taiwan Sign Language"},
["tst"] = {"Tondi Songway Kiini"},
["tsu"] = {"Tsou"},
["tsv"] = {"Tsogo"},
["tsw"] = {"Tsishingini"},
["tsx"] = {"Mubami"},
["tsy"] = {"Tebul Sign Language"},
["tsz"] = {"Purepecha"},
["tta"] = {"Tutelo"},
["ttb"] = {"Gaa"},
["ttc"] = {"Tektiteko"},
["ttd"] = {"Tauade"},
["tte"] = {"Bwanabwana"},
["ttf"] = {"Tuotomb"},
["ttg"] = {"Tutong"},
["tth"] = {"Upper Ta'oih"},
["tti"] = {"Tobati"},
["ttj"] = {"Tooro"},
["ttk"] = {"Totoro"},
["ttl"] = {"Totela"},
["ttm"] = {"Northern Tutchone"},
["ttn"] = {"Towei"},
["tto"] = {"Lower Ta'oih"},
["ttp"] = {"Tombelala"},
["ttq"] = {"Tawallammat Tamajaq"},
["ttr"] = {"Tera"},
["tts"] = {"Northeastern Thai"},
["ttt"] = {"Muslim Tat"},
["ttu"] = {"Torau"},
["ttv"] = {"Titan"},
["ttw"] = {"Long Wat"},
["tty"] = {"Sikaritai"},
["ttz"] = {"Tsum"},
["tua"] = {"Wiarumus"},
["tub"] = {"Tübatulabal"},
["tuc"] = {"Mutu"},
["tud"] = {"Tuxá"},
["tue"] = {"Tuyuca"},
["tuf"] = {"Central Tunebo"},
["tug"] = {"Tunia"},
["tuh"] = {"Taulil"},
["tui"] = {"Tupuri"},
["tuj"] = {"Tugutil"},
["tul"] = {"Tula"},
["tum"] = {"Tumbuka"},
["tun"] = {"Tunica"},
["tuo"] = {"Tucano"},
["tup"] = {"Tupi languages"},
["tuq"] = {"Tedaga"},
["tus"] = {"Tuscarora"},
["tut"] = {"Altaic languages"},
["tuu"] = {"Tututni"},
["tuv"] = {"Turkana"},
["tuw"] = {"Tungus languages"},
["tux"] = {"Tuxináwa"},
["tuy"] = {"Tugen"},
["tuz"] = {"Turka"},
["tva"] = {"Vaghua"},
["tvd"] = {"Tsuvadi"},
["tve"] = {"Te'un"},
["tvg"] = {"Tugunese", "Batavian Portuguese Creole", "Mardijker Creole"},
["tvi"] = {"Tulai"},
["tvk"] = {"Southeast Ambrym"},
["tvl"] = {"Tuvalu"},
["tvm"] = {"Tela-Masbuar"},
["tvn"] = {"Tavoyan"},
["tvo"] = {"Tidore"},
["tvs"] = {"Taveta"},
["tvt"] = {"Tutsa Naga"},
["tvu"] = {"Tunen"},
["tvw"] = {"Sedoa"},
["tvx"] = {"Taivoan"},
["tvy"] = {"Timor Pidgin"},
["twa"] = {"Twana"},
["twb"] = {"Western Tawbuid"},
["twc"] = {"Teshenawa"},
["twd"] = {"Twents"},
["twe"] = {"Tewa (Indonesia)"},
["twf"] = {"Northern Tiwa"},
["twg"] = {"Tereweng"},
["twh"] = {"Tai Dón"},
["twl"] = {"Tawara"},
["twm"] = {"Tawang Monpa"},
["twn"] = {"Twendi"},
["two"] = {"Tswapong"},
["twp"] = {"Ere"},
["twq"] = {"Tasawaq"},
["twr"] = {"Southwestern Tarahumara"},
["twt"] = {"Turiwára"},
["twu"] = {"Termanu"},
["tww"] = {"Tuwari"},
["twx"] = {"Tewe"},
["twy"] = {"Tawoyan"},
["txa"] = {"Tombonuo"},
["txb"] = {"Tokharian B"},
["txc"] = {"Tsetsaut"},
["txe"] = {"Totoli"},
["txg"] = {"Tangut"},
["txh"] = {"Thracian"},
["txi"] = {"Ikpeng"},
["txj"] = {"Tarjumo"},
["txm"] = {"Tomini"},
["txn"] = {"West Tarangan"},
["txo"] = {"Toto"},
["txq"] = {"Tii"},
["txr"] = {"Tartessian"},
["txs"] = {"Tonsea"},
["txt"] = {"Citak"},
["txu"] = {"Kayapó"},
["txx"] = {"Tatana"},
["txy"] = {"Tanosy Malagasy"},
["tya"] = {"Tauya"},
["tye"] = {"Kyanga"},
["tyh"] = {"O'du"},
["tyi"] = {"Teke-Tsaayi"},
["tyj"] = {"Tai Do", "Tai Yo"},
["tyl"] = {"Thu Lao"},
["tyn"] = {"Kombai"},
["typ"] = {"Thaypan"},
["tyr"] = {"Tai Daeng"},
["tys"] = {"Tày Sa Pa"},
["tyt"] = {"Tày Tac"},
["tyu"] = {"Kua"},
["tyv"] = {"Tuvinian"},
["tyx"] = {"Teke-Tyee"},
["tyy"] = {"Tiyaa"},
["tyz"] = {"Tày"},
["tza"] = {"Tanzanian Sign Language"},
["tzh"] = {"Tzeltal"},
["tzj"] = {"Tz'utujil"},
["tzl"] = {"Talossan"},
["tzm"] = {"Central Atlas Tamazight"},
["tzn"] = {"Tugun"},
["tzo"] = {"Tzotzil"},
["tzx"] = {"Tabriak"},
["uam"] = {"Uamué"},
["uan"] = {"Kuan"},
["uar"] = {"Tairuma"},
["uba"] = {"Ubang"},
["ubi"] = {"Ubi"},
["ubl"] = {"Buhi'non Bikol"},
["ubr"] = {"Ubir"},
["ubu"] = {"Umbu-Ungu"},
["uby"] = {"Ubykh"},
["uda"] = {"Uda"},
["ude"] = {"Udihe"},
["udg"] = {"Muduga"},
["udi"] = {"Udi"},
["udj"] = {"Ujir"},
["udl"] = {"Wuzlam"},
["udm"] = {"Udmurt"},
["udu"] = {"Uduk"},
["ues"] = {"Kioko"},
["ufi"] = {"Ufim"},
["uga"] = {"Ugaritic"},
["ugb"] = {"Kuku-Ugbanh"},
["uge"] = {"Ughele"},
["ugh"] = {"Kubachi"},
["ugn"] = {"Ugandan Sign Language"},
["ugo"] = {"Ugong"},
["ugy"] = {"Uruguayan Sign Language"},
["uha"] = {"Uhami"},
["uhn"] = {"Damal"},
["uis"] = {"Uisai"},
["uiv"] = {"Iyive"},
["uji"] = {"Tanjijili"},
["uka"] = {"Kaburi"},
["ukg"] = {"Ukuriguma"},
["ukh"] = {"Ukhwejo"},
["uki"] = {"Kui (India)"},
["ukk"] = {"Muak Sa-aak"},
["ukl"] = {"Ukrainian Sign Language"},
["ukp"] = {"Ukpe-Bayobiri"},
["ukq"] = {"Ukwa"},
["uks"] = {"Urubú-Kaapor Sign Language", "Kaapor Sign Language"},
["uku"] = {"Ukue"},
["ukv"] = {"Kuku"},
["ukw"] = {"Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni"},
["uky"] = {"Kuuk-Yak"},
["ula"] = {"Fungwa"},
["ulb"] = {"Ulukwumi"},
["ulc"] = {"Ulch"},
["ule"] = {"Lule"},
["ulf"] = {"Usku", "Afra"},
["uli"] = {"Ulithian"},
["ulk"] = {"Meriam Mir"},
["ull"] = {"Ullatan"},
["ulm"] = {"Ulumanda'"},
["uln"] = {"Unserdeutsch"},
["ulu"] = {"Uma' Lung"},
["ulw"] = {"Ulwa"},
["uly"] = {"Buli"},
["uma"] = {"Umatilla"},
["umb"] = {"Umbundu"},
["umc"] = {"Marrucinian"},
["umd"] = {"Umbindhamu"},
["umg"] = {"Morrobalama", "Umbuygamu"},
["umi"] = {"Ukit"},
["umm"] = {"Umon"},
["umn"] = {"Makyan Naga"},
["umo"] = {"Umotína"},
["ump"] = {"Umpila"},
["umr"] = {"Umbugarla"},
["ums"] = {"Pendau"},
["umu"] = {"Munsee"},
["una"] = {"North Watut"},
["und"] = {"Undetermined"},
["une"] = {"Uneme"},
["ung"] = {"Ngarinyin"},
["uni"] = {"Uni"},
["unk"] = {"Enawené-Nawé"},
["unm"] = {"Unami"},
["unn"] = {"Kurnai"},
["unr"] = {"Mundari"},
["unu"] = {"Unubahe"},
["unx"] = {"Munda"},
["unz"] = {"Unde Kaili"},
["uon"] = {"Kulon"},
["upi"] = {"Umeda"},
["upv"] = {"Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin"},
["ura"] = {"Urarina"},
["urb"] = {"Urubú-Kaapor", "Kaapor"},
["urc"] = {"Urningangg"},
["ure"] = {"Uru"},
["urf"] = {"Uradhi"},
["urg"] = {"Urigina"},
["urh"] = {"Urhobo"},
["uri"] = {"Urim"},
["urj"] = {"Uralic languages"},
["urk"] = {"Urak Lawoi'"},
["url"] = {"Urali"},
["urm"] = {"Urapmin"},
["urn"] = {"Uruangnirin"},
["uro"] = {"Ura (Papua New Guinea)"},
["urp"] = {"Uru-Pa-In"},
["urr"] = {"Lehalurup", "Löyöp"},
["urt"] = {"Urat"},
["uru"] = {"Urumi"},
["urv"] = {"Uruava"},
["urw"] = {"Sop"},
["urx"] = {"Urimo"},
["ury"] = {"Orya"},
["urz"] = {"Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau"},
["usa"] = {"Usarufa"},
["ush"] = {"Ushojo"},
["usi"] = {"Usui"},
["usk"] = {"Usaghade"},
["usp"] = {"Uspanteco"},
["uss"] = {"us-Saare"},
["usu"] = {"Uya"},
["uta"] = {"Otank"},
["ute"] = {"Ute-Southern Paiute"},
["uth"] = {"ut-Hun"},
["utp"] = {"Amba (Solomon Islands)"},
["utr"] = {"Etulo"},
["utu"] = {"Utu"},
["uum"] = {"Urum"},
["uur"] = {"Ura (Vanuatu)"},
["uuu"] = {"U"},
["uve"] = {"West Uvean", "Fagauvea"},
["uvh"] = {"Uri"},
["uvl"] = {"Lote"},
["uwa"] = {"Kuku-Uwanh"},
["uya"] = {"Doko-Uyanga"},
["uzn"] = {"Northern Uzbek"},
["uzs"] = {"Southern Uzbek"},
["vaa"] = {"Vaagri Booli"},
["vae"] = {"Vale"},
["vaf"] = {"Vafsi"},
["vag"] = {"Vagla"},
["vah"] = {"Varhadi-Nagpuri"},
["vai"] = {"Vai"},
["vaj"] = {"Sekele", "Northwestern ǃKung", "Vasekele"},
["val"] = {"Vehes"},
["vam"] = {"Vanimo"},
["van"] = {"Valman"},
["vao"] = {"Vao"},
["vap"] = {"Vaiphei"},
["var"] = {"Huarijio"},
["vas"] = {"Vasavi"},
["vau"] = {"Vanuma"},
["vav"] = {"Varli"},
["vay"] = {"Wayu"},
["vbb"] = {"Southeast Babar"},
["vbk"] = {"Southwestern Bontok"},
["vec"] = {"Venetian"},
["ved"] = {"Veddah"},
["vel"] = {"Veluws"},
["vem"] = {"Vemgo-Mabas"},
["veo"] = {"Ventureño"},
["vep"] = {"Veps"},
["ver"] = {"Mom Jango"},
["vgr"] = {"Vaghri"},
["vgt"] = {"Vlaamse Gebarentaal", "Flemish Sign Language"},
["vic"] = {"Virgin Islands Creole English"},
["vid"] = {"Vidunda"},
["vif"] = {"Vili"},
["vig"] = {"Viemo"},
["vil"] = {"Vilela"},
["vin"] = {"Vinza"},
["vis"] = {"Vishavan"},
["vit"] = {"Viti"},
["viv"] = {"Iduna"},
["vjk"] = {"Bajjika"},
["vka"] = {"Kariyarra"},
["vkj"] = {"Kujarge"},
["vkk"] = {"Kaur"},
["vkl"] = {"Kulisusu"},
["vkm"] = {"Kamakan"},
["vkn"] = {"Koro Nulu"},
["vko"] = {"Kodeoha"},
["vkp"] = {"Korlai Creole Portuguese"},
["vkt"] = {"Tenggarong Kutai Malay"},
["vku"] = {"Kurrama"},
["vkz"] = {"Koro Zuba"},
["vlp"] = {"Valpei"},
["vls"] = {"Vlaams"},
["vma"] = {"Martuyhunira"},
["vmb"] = {"Barbaram"},
["vmc"] = {"Juxtlahuaca Mixtec"},
["vmd"] = {"Mudu Koraga"},
["vme"] = {"East Masela"},
["vmf"] = {"Mainfränkisch"},
["vmg"] = {"Lungalunga"},
["vmh"] = {"Maraghei"},
["vmi"] = {"Miwa"},
["vmj"] = {"Ixtayutla Mixtec"},
["vmk"] = {"Makhuwa-Shirima"},
["vml"] = {"Malgana"},
["vmm"] = {"Mitlatongo Mixtec"},
["vmp"] = {"Soyaltepec Mazatec"},
["vmq"] = {"Soyaltepec Mixtec"},
["vmr"] = {"Marenje"},
["vms"] = {"Moksela"},
["vmu"] = {"Muluridyi"},
["vmv"] = {"Valley Maidu"},
["vmw"] = {"Makhuwa"},
["vmx"] = {"Tamazola Mixtec"},
["vmy"] = {"Ayautla Mazatec"},
["vmz"] = {"Mazatlán Mazatec"},
["vnk"] = {"Vano", "Lovono"},
["vnm"] = {"Vinmavis", "Neve'ei"},
["vnp"] = {"Vunapu"},
["vor"] = {"Voro"},
["vot"] = {"Votic"},
["vra"] = {"Vera'a"},
["vro"] = {"Võro"},
["vrs"] = {"Varisi"},
["vrt"] = {"Burmbar", "Banam Bay"},
["vsi"] = {"Moldova Sign Language"},
["vsl"] = {"Venezuelan Sign Language"},
["vsn"] = {"Vedic Sanskrit"},
["vsv"] = {"Valencian Sign Language", "Llengua de signes valenciana"},
["vto"] = {"Vitou"},
["vum"] = {"Vumbu"},
["vun"] = {"Vunjo"},
["vut"] = {"Vute"},
["vwa"] = {"Awa (China)"},
["waa"] = {"Walla Walla"},
["wab"] = {"Yote", "Wab"},
["wac"] = {"Wasco-Wishram"},
["wad"] = {"Wamesa", "Wondama"},
["wae"] = {"Walser"},
["waf"] = {"Wakoná"},
["wag"] = {"Wa'ema"},
["wah"] = {"Watubela"},
["wai"] = {"Wares"},
["waj"] = {"Waffa"},
["wak"] = {"Wakashan languages"},
["wal"] = {"Wolaytta", "Wolaitta"},
["wam"] = {"Wampanoag"},
["wan"] = {"Wan"},
["wao"] = {"Wappo"},
["wap"] = {"Wapishana"},
["waq"] = {"Wagiman"},
["war"] = {"Waray (Philippines)"},
["was"] = {"Washo"},
["wat"] = {"Kaninuwa"},
["wau"] = {"Waurá"},
["wav"] = {"Waka"},
["waw"] = {"Waiwai"},
["wax"] = {"Watam", "Marangis"},
["way"] = {"Wayana"},
["waz"] = {"Wampur"},
["wba"] = {"Warao"},
["wbb"] = {"Wabo"},
["wbe"] = {"Waritai"},
["wbf"] = {"Wara"},
["wbh"] = {"Wanda"},
["wbi"] = {"Vwanji"},
["wbj"] = {"Alagwa"},
["wbk"] = {"Waigali"},
["wbl"] = {"Wakhi"},
["wbm"] = {"Wa"},
["wbp"] = {"Warlpiri"},
["wbq"] = {"Waddar"},
["wbr"] = {"Wagdi"},
["wbs"] = {"West Bengal Sign Language"},
["wbt"] = {"Warnman"},
["wbv"] = {"Wajarri"},
["wbw"] = {"Woi"},
["wca"] = {"Yanomámi"},
["wci"] = {"Waci Gbe"},
["wdd"] = {"Wandji"},
["wdg"] = {"Wadaginam"},
["wdj"] = {"Wadjiginy"},
["wdk"] = {"Wadikali"},
["wdt"] = {"Wendat"},
["wdu"] = {"Wadjigu"},
["wdy"] = {"Wadjabangayi"},
["wea"] = {"Wewaw"},
["wec"] = {"Wè Western"},
["wed"] = {"Wedau"},
["weg"] = {"Wergaia"},
["weh"] = {"Weh"},
["wei"] = {"Kiunum"},
["wem"] = {"Weme Gbe"},
["wen"] = {"Sorbian languages"},
["weo"] = {"Wemale"},
["wep"] = {"Westphalien"},
["wer"] = {"Weri"},
["wes"] = {"Cameroon Pidgin"},
["wet"] = {"Perai"},
["weu"] = {"Rawngtu Chin"},
["wew"] = {"Wejewa"},
["wfg"] = {"Yafi", "Zorop"},
["wga"] = {"Wagaya"},
["wgb"] = {"Wagawaga"},
["wgg"] = {"Wangkangurru", "Wangganguru"},
["wgi"] = {"Wahgi"},
["wgo"] = {"Waigeo"},
["wgu"] = {"Wirangu"},
["wgy"] = {"Warrgamay"},
["wha"] = {"Sou Upaa", "Manusela"},
["whg"] = {"North Wahgi"},
["whk"] = {"Wahau Kenyah"},
["whu"] = {"Wahau Kayan"},
["wib"] = {"Southern Toussian"},
["wic"] = {"Wichita"},
["wie"] = {"Wik-Epa"},
["wif"] = {"Wik-Keyangan"},
["wig"] = {"Wik Ngathan"},
["wih"] = {"Wik-Me'anha"},
["wii"] = {"Minidien"},
["wij"] = {"Wik-Iiyanh"},
["wik"] = {"Wikalkan"},
["wil"] = {"Wilawila"},
["wim"] = {"Wik-Mungkan"},
["win"] = {"Ho-Chunk"},
["wir"] = {"Wiraféd"},
["wiu"] = {"Wiru"},
["wiv"] = {"Vitu"},
["wiy"] = {"Wiyot"},
["wja"] = {"Waja"},
["wji"] = {"Warji"},
["wka"] = {"Kw'adza"},
["wkb"] = {"Kumbaran"},
["wkd"] = {"Wakde", "Mo"},
["wkl"] = {"Kalanadi"},
["wkr"] = {"Keerray-Woorroong"},
["wku"] = {"Kunduvadi"},
["wkw"] = {"Wakawaka"},
["wky"] = {"Wangkayutyuru"},
["wla"] = {"Walio"},
["wlc"] = {"Mwali Comorian"},
["wle"] = {"Wolane"},
["wlg"] = {"Kunbarlang"},
["wlh"] = {"Welaun"},
["wli"] = {"Waioli"},
["wlk"] = {"Wailaki"},
["wll"] = {"Wali (Sudan)"},
["wlm"] = {"Middle Welsh"},
["wlo"] = {"Wolio"},
["wlr"] = {"Wailapa"},
["wls"] = {"Wallisian"},
["wlu"] = {"Wuliwuli"},
["wlv"] = {"Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz"},
["wlw"] = {"Walak"},
["wlx"] = {"Wali (Ghana)"},
["wly"] = {"Waling"},
["wma"] = {"Mawa (Nigeria)"},
["wmb"] = {"Wambaya"},
["wmc"] = {"Wamas"},
["wmd"] = {"Mamaindé"},
["wme"] = {"Wambule"},
["wmg"] = {"Western Minyag"},
["wmh"] = {"Waima'a"},
["wmi"] = {"Wamin"},
["wmm"] = {"Maiwa (Indonesia)"},
["wmn"] = {"Waamwang"},
["wmo"] = {"Wom (Papua New Guinea)"},
["wms"] = {"Wambon"},
["wmt"] = {"Walmajarri"},
["wmw"] = {"Mwani"},
["wmx"] = {"Womo"},
["wnb"] = {"Mokati"},
["wnc"] = {"Wantoat"},
["wnd"] = {"Wandarang"},
["wne"] = {"Waneci"},
["wng"] = {"Wanggom"},
["wni"] = {"Ndzwani Comorian"},
["wnk"] = {"Wanukaka"},
["wnm"] = {"Wanggamala"},
["wnn"] = {"Wunumara"},
["wno"] = {"Wano"},
["wnp"] = {"Wanap"},
["wnu"] = {"Usan"},
["wnw"] = {"Wintu"},
["wny"] = {"Wanyi", "Waanyi"},
["woa"] = {"Kuwema", "Tyaraity"},
["wob"] = {"Wè Northern"},
["woc"] = {"Wogeo"},
["wod"] = {"Wolani"},
["woe"] = {"Woleaian"},
["wof"] = {"Gambian Wolof"},
["wog"] = {"Wogamusin"},
["woi"] = {"Kamang"},
["wok"] = {"Longto"},
["wom"] = {"Wom (Nigeria)"},
["won"] = {"Wongo"},
["woo"] = {"Manombai"},
["wor"] = {"Woria"},
["wos"] = {"Hanga Hundi"},
["wow"] = {"Wawonii"},
["woy"] = {"Weyto"},
["wpc"] = {"Maco"},
["wrb"] = {"Waluwarra", "Warluwara"},
["wrg"] = {"Warungu", "Gudjal"},
["wrh"] = {"Wiradjuri"},
["wri"] = {"Wariyangga"},
["wrk"] = {"Garrwa"},
["wrl"] = {"Warlmanpa"},
["wrm"] = {"Warumungu"},
["wrn"] = {"Warnang"},
["wro"] = {"Worrorra"},
["wrp"] = {"Waropen"},
["wrr"] = {"Wardaman"},
["wrs"] = {"Waris"},
["wru"] = {"Waru"},
["wrv"] = {"Waruna"},
["wrw"] = {"Gugu Warra"},
["wrx"] = {"Wae Rana"},
["wry"] = {"Merwari"},
["wrz"] = {"Waray (Australia)"},
["wsa"] = {"Warembori"},
["wsg"] = {"Adilabad Gondi"},
["wsi"] = {"Wusi"},
["wsk"] = {"Waskia"},
["wsr"] = {"Owenia"},
["wss"] = {"Wasa"},
["wsu"] = {"Wasu"},
["wsv"] = {"Wotapuri-Katarqalai"},
["wtb"] = {"Matambwe"},
["wtf"] = {"Watiwa"},
["wth"] = {"Wathawurrung"},
["wti"] = {"Berta"},
["wtk"] = {"Watakataui"},
["wtm"] = {"Mewati"},
["wtw"] = {"Wotu"},
["wua"] = {"Wikngenchera"},
["wub"] = {"Wunambal"},
["wud"] = {"Wudu"},
["wuh"] = {"Wutunhua"},
["wul"] = {"Silimo"},
["wum"] = {"Wumbvu"},
["wun"] = {"Bungu"},
["wur"] = {"Wurrugu"},
["wut"] = {"Wutung"},
["wuu"] = {"Wu Chinese"},
["wuv"] = {"Wuvulu-Aua"},
["wux"] = {"Wulna"},
["wuy"] = {"Wauyai"},
["wwa"] = {"Waama"},
["wwb"] = {"Wakabunga"},
["wwo"] = {"Wetamut", "Dorig"},
["wwr"] = {"Warrwa"},
["www"] = {"Wawa"},
["wxa"] = {"Waxianghua"},
["wxw"] = {"Wardandi"},
["wyb"] = {"Wangaaybuwan-Ngiyambaa"},
["wyi"] = {"Woiwurrung"},
["wym"] = {"Wymysorys"},
["wyn"] = {"Wyandot"},
["wyr"] = {"Wayoró"},
["wyy"] = {"Western Fijian"},
["xaa"] = {"Andalusian Arabic"},
["xab"] = {"Sambe"},
["xac"] = {"Kachari"},
["xad"] = {"Adai"},
["xae"] = {"Aequian"},
["xag"] = {"Aghwan"},
["xai"] = {"Kaimbé"},
["xaj"] = {"Ararandewára"},
["xak"] = {"Máku"},
["xal"] = {"Kalmyk", "Oirat"},
["xam"] = {"ǀXam"},
["xan"] = {"Xamtanga"},
["xao"] = {"Khao"},
["xap"] = {"Apalachee"},
["xaq"] = {"Aquitanian"},
["xar"] = {"Karami"},
["xas"] = {"Kamas"},
["xat"] = {"Katawixi"},
["xau"] = {"Kauwera"},
["xav"] = {"Xavánte"},
["xaw"] = {"Kawaiisu"},
["xay"] = {"Kayan Mahakam"},
["xbb"] = {"Lower Burdekin"},
["xbc"] = {"Bactrian"},
["xbd"] = {"Bindal"},
["xbe"] = {"Bigambal"},
["xbg"] = {"Bunganditj"},
["xbi"] = {"Kombio"},
["xbj"] = {"Birrpayi"},
["xbm"] = {"Middle Breton"},
["xbn"] = {"Kenaboi"},
["xbo"] = {"Bolgarian"},
["xbp"] = {"Bibbulman"},
["xbr"] = {"Kambera"},
["xbw"] = {"Kambiwá"},
["xby"] = {"Batjala", "Batyala"},
["xcb"] = {"Cumbric"},
["xcc"] = {"Camunic"},
["xce"] = {"Celtiberian"},
["xcg"] = {"Cisalpine Gaulish"},
["xch"] = {"Chemakum", "Chimakum"},
["xcl"] = {"Classical Armenian"},
["xcm"] = {"Comecrudo"},
["xcn"] = {"Cotoname"},
["xco"] = {"Chorasmian"},
["xcr"] = {"Carian"},
["xct"] = {"Classical Tibetan"},
["xcu"] = {"Curonian"},
["xcv"] = {"Chuvantsy"},
["xcw"] = {"Coahuilteco"},
["xcy"] = {"Cayuse"},
["xda"] = {"Darkinyung"},
["xdc"] = {"Dacian"},
["xdk"] = {"Dharuk"},
["xdm"] = {"Edomite"},
["xdo"] = {"Kwandu"},
["xdq"] = {"Kaitag"},
["xdy"] = {"Malayic Dayak"},
["xeb"] = {"Eblan"},
["xed"] = {"Hdi"},
["xeg"] = {"ǁXegwi"},
["xel"] = {"Kelo"},
["xem"] = {"Kembayan"},
["xep"] = {"Epi-Olmec"},
["xer"] = {"Xerénte"},
["xes"] = {"Kesawai"},
["xet"] = {"Xetá"},
["xeu"] = {"Keoru-Ahia"},
["xfa"] = {"Faliscan"},
["xga"] = {"Galatian"},
["xgb"] = {"Gbin"},
["xgd"] = {"Gudang"},
["xgf"] = {"Gabrielino-Fernandeño"},
["xgg"] = {"Goreng"},
["xgi"] = {"Garingbal"},
["xgl"] = {"Galindan"},
["xgm"] = {"Dharumbal", "Guwinmal"},
["xgn"] = {"Mongolian languages"},
["xgr"] = {"Garza"},
["xgu"] = {"Unggumi"},
["xgw"] = {"Guwa"},
["xha"] = {"Harami"},
["xhc"] = {"Hunnic"},
["xhd"] = {"Hadrami"},
["xhe"] = {"Khetrani"},
["xhm"] = {"Middle Khmer (1400 to 1850 CE)"},
["xhr"] = {"Hernican"},
["xht"] = {"Hattic"},
["xhu"] = {"Hurrian"},
["xhv"] = {"Khua"},
["xib"] = {"Iberian"},
["xii"] = {"Xiri"},
["xil"] = {"Illyrian"},
["xin"] = {"Xinca"},
["xir"] = {"Xiriâna"},
["xis"] = {"Kisan"},
["xiv"] = {"Indus Valley Language"},
["xiy"] = {"Xipaya"},
["xjb"] = {"Minjungbal"},
["xjt"] = {"Jaitmatang"},
["xka"] = {"Kalkoti"},
["xkb"] = {"Northern Nago"},
["xkc"] = {"Kho'ini"},
["xkd"] = {"Mendalam Kayan"},
["xke"] = {"Kereho"},
["xkf"] = {"Khengkha"},
["xkg"] = {"Kagoro"},
["xki"] = {"Kenyan Sign Language"},
["xkj"] = {"Kajali"},
["xkk"] = {"Kachok", "Kaco'"},
["xkl"] = {"Mainstream Kenyah"},
["xkn"] = {"Kayan River Kayan"},
["xko"] = {"Kiorr"},
["xkp"] = {"Kabatei"},
["xkq"] = {"Koroni"},
["xkr"] = {"Xakriabá"},
["xks"] = {"Kumbewaha"},
["xkt"] = {"Kantosi"},
["xku"] = {"Kaamba"},
["xkv"] = {"Kgalagadi"},
["xkw"] = {"Kembra"},
["xkx"] = {"Karore"},
["xky"] = {"Uma' Lasan"},
["xkz"] = {"Kurtokha"},
["xla"] = {"Kamula"},
["xlb"] = {"Loup B"},
["xlc"] = {"Lycian"},
["xld"] = {"Lydian"},
["xle"] = {"Lemnian"},
["xlg"] = {"Ligurian (Ancient)"},
["xli"] = {"Liburnian"},
["xln"] = {"Alanic"},
["xlo"] = {"Loup A"},
["xlp"] = {"Lepontic"},
["xls"] = {"Lusitanian"},
["xlu"] = {"Cuneiform Luwian"},
["xly"] = {"Elymian"},
["xma"] = {"Mushungulu"},
["xmb"] = {"Mbonga"},
["xmc"] = {"Makhuwa-Marrevone"},
["xmd"] = {"Mbudum"},
["xme"] = {"Median"},
["xmf"] = {"Mingrelian"},
["xmg"] = {"Mengaka"},
["xmh"] = {"Kugu-Muminh"},
["xmj"] = {"Majera"},
["xmk"] = {"Ancient Macedonian"},
["xml"] = {"Malaysian Sign Language"},
["xmm"] = {"Manado Malay"},
["xmn"] = {"Manichaean Middle Persian"},
["xmo"] = {"Morerebi"},
["xmp"] = {"Kuku-Mu'inh"},
["xmq"] = {"Kuku-Mangk"},
["xmr"] = {"Meroitic"},
["xms"] = {"Moroccan Sign Language"},
["xmt"] = {"Matbat"},
["xmu"] = {"Kamu"},
["xmv"] = {"Antankarana Malagasy", "Tankarana Malagasy"},
["xmw"] = {"Tsimihety Malagasy"},
["xmx"] = {"Salawati", "Maden"},
["xmy"] = {"Mayaguduna"},
["xmz"] = {"Mori Bawah"},
["xna"] = {"Ancient North Arabian"},
["xnb"] = {"Kanakanabu"},
["xnd"] = {"Na-Dene languages"},
["xng"] = {"Middle Mongolian"},
["xnh"] = {"Kuanhua"},
["xni"] = {"Ngarigu"},
["xnj"] = {"Ngoni (Tanzania)"},
["xnk"] = {"Nganakarti"},
["xnm"] = {"Ngumbarl"},
["xnn"] = {"Northern Kankanay"},
["xno"] = {"Anglo-Norman"},
["xnq"] = {"Ngoni (Mozambique)"},
["xnr"] = {"Kangri"},
["xns"] = {"Kanashi"},
["xnt"] = {"Narragansett"},
["xnu"] = {"Nukunul"},
["xny"] = {"Nyiyaparli"},
["xnz"] = {"Kenzi", "Mattoki"},
["xoc"] = {"O'chi'chi'"},
["xod"] = {"Kokoda"},
["xog"] = {"Soga"},
["xoi"] = {"Kominimung"},
["xok"] = {"Xokleng"},
["xom"] = {"Komo (Sudan)"},
["xon"] = {"Konkomba"},
["xoo"] = {"Xukurú"},
["xop"] = {"Kopar"},
["xor"] = {"Korubo"},
["xow"] = {"Kowaki"},
["xpa"] = {"Pirriya"},
["xpb"] = {"Northeastern Tasmanian", "Pyemmairrener"},
["xpc"] = {"Pecheneg"},
["xpd"] = {"Oyster Bay Tasmanian"},
["xpe"] = {"Liberia Kpelle"},
["xpf"] = {"Southeast Tasmanian", "Nuenonne"},
["xpg"] = {"Phrygian"},
["xph"] = {"North Midlands Tasmanian", "Tyerrenoterpanner"},
["xpi"] = {"Pictish"},
["xpj"] = {"Mpalitjanh"},
["xpk"] = {"Kulina Pano"},
["xpl"] = {"Port Sorell Tasmanian"},
["xpm"] = {"Pumpokol"},
["xpn"] = {"Kapinawá"},
["xpo"] = {"Pochutec"},
["xpp"] = {"Puyo-Paekche"},
["xpq"] = {"Mohegan-Pequot"},
["xpr"] = {"Parthian"},
["xps"] = {"Pisidian"},
["xpt"] = {"Punthamara"},
["xpu"] = {"Punic"},
["xpv"] = {"Northern Tasmanian", "Tommeginne"},
["xpw"] = {"Northwestern Tasmanian", "Peerapper"},
["xpx"] = {"Southwestern Tasmanian", "Toogee"},
["xpy"] = {"Puyo"},
["xpz"] = {"Bruny Island Tasmanian"},
["xqa"] = {"Karakhanid"},
["xqt"] = {"Qatabanian"},
["xra"] = {"Krahô"},
["xrb"] = {"Eastern Karaboro"},
["xrd"] = {"Gundungurra"},
["xre"] = {"Kreye"},
["xrg"] = {"Minang"},
["xri"] = {"Krikati-Timbira"},
["xrm"] = {"Armazic"},
["xrn"] = {"Arin"},
["xrr"] = {"Raetic"},
["xrt"] = {"Aranama-Tamique"},
["xru"] = {"Marriammu"},
["xrw"] = {"Karawa"},
["xsa"] = {"Sabaean"},
["xsb"] = {"Sambal"},
["xsc"] = {"Scythian"},
["xsd"] = {"Sidetic"},
["xse"] = {"Sempan"},
["xsh"] = {"Shamang"},
["xsi"] = {"Sio"},
["xsj"] = {"Subi"},
["xsl"] = {"South Slavey", "Dene Zhatié"},
["xsm"] = {"Kasem"},
["xsn"] = {"Sanga (Nigeria)"},
["xso"] = {"Solano"},
["xsp"] = {"Silopi"},
["xsq"] = {"Makhuwa-Saka"},
["xsr"] = {"Sherpa"},
["xsu"] = {"Sanumá"},
["xsv"] = {"Sudovian"},
["xsy"] = {"Saisiyat"},
["xta"] = {"Alcozauca Mixtec"},
["xtb"] = {"Chazumba Mixtec"},
["xtc"] = {"Katcha-Kadugli-Miri"},
["xtd"] = {"Diuxi-Tilantongo Mixtec"},
["xte"] = {"Ketengban"},
["xtg"] = {"Transalpine Gaulish"},
["xth"] = {"Yitha Yitha"},
["xti"] = {"Sinicahua Mixtec"},
["xtj"] = {"San Juan Teita Mixtec"},
["xtl"] = {"Tijaltepec Mixtec"},
["xtm"] = {"Magdalena Peñasco Mixtec"},
["xtn"] = {"Northern Tlaxiaco Mixtec"},
["xto"] = {"Tokharian A"},
["xtp"] = {"San Miguel Piedras Mixtec"},
["xtq"] = {"Tumshuqese"},
["xtr"] = {"Early Tripuri"},
["xts"] = {"Sindihui Mixtec"},
["xtt"] = {"Tacahua Mixtec"},
["xtu"] = {"Cuyamecalco Mixtec"},
["xtv"] = {"Thawa"},
["xtw"] = {"Tawandê"},
["xty"] = {"Yoloxochitl Mixtec"},
["xua"] = {"Alu Kurumba"},
["xub"] = {"Betta Kurumba"},
["xud"] = {"Umiida"},
["xug"] = {"Kunigami"},
["xuj"] = {"Jennu Kurumba"},
["xul"] = {"Ngunawal", "Nunukul"},
["xum"] = {"Umbrian"},
["xun"] = {"Unggaranggu"},
["xuo"] = {"Kuo"},
["xup"] = {"Upper Umpqua"},
["xur"] = {"Urartian"},
["xut"] = {"Kuthant"},
["xuu"] = {"Kxoe", "Khwedam"},
["xve"] = {"Venetic"},
["xvi"] = {"Kamviri"},
["xvn"] = {"Vandalic"},
["xvo"] = {"Volscian"},
["xvs"] = {"Vestinian"},
["xwa"] = {"Kwaza"},
["xwc"] = {"Woccon"},
["xwd"] = {"Wadi Wadi"},
["xwe"] = {"Xwela Gbe"},
["xwg"] = {"Kwegu"},
["xwj"] = {"Wajuk"},
["xwk"] = {"Wangkumara"},
["xwl"] = {"Western Xwla Gbe"},
["xwo"] = {"Written Oirat"},
["xwr"] = {"Kwerba Mamberamo"},
["xwt"] = {"Wotjobaluk"},
["xww"] = {"Wemba Wemba"},
["xxb"] = {"Boro (Ghana)"},
["xxk"] = {"Ke'o"},
["xxm"] = {"Minkin"},
["xxr"] = {"Koropó"},
["xxt"] = {"Tambora"},
["xya"] = {"Yaygir"},
["xyb"] = {"Yandjibara"},
["xyj"] = {"Mayi-Yapi"},
["xyk"] = {"Mayi-Kulan"},
["xyl"] = {"Yalakalore"},
["xyt"] = {"Mayi-Thakurti"},
["xyy"] = {"Yorta Yorta"},
["xzh"] = {"Zhang-Zhung"},
["xzm"] = {"Zemgalian"},
["xzp"] = {"Ancient Zapotec"},
["yaa"] = {"Yaminahua"},
["yab"] = {"Yuhup"},
["yac"] = {"Pass Valley Yali"},
["yad"] = {"Yagua"},
["yae"] = {"Pumé"},
["yaf"] = {"Yaka (Democratic Republic of Congo)"},
["yag"] = {"Yámana"},
["yah"] = {"Yazgulyam"},
["yai"] = {"Yagnobi"},
["yaj"] = {"Banda-Yangere"},
["yak"] = {"Yakama"},
["yal"] = {"Yalunka"},
["yam"] = {"Yamba"},
["yan"] = {"Mayangna"},
["yao"] = {"Yao"},
["yap"] = {"Yapese"},
["yaq"] = {"Yaqui"},
["yar"] = {"Yabarana"},
["yas"] = {"Nugunu (Cameroon)"},
["yat"] = {"Yambeta"},
["yau"] = {"Yuwana"},
["yav"] = {"Yangben"},
["yaw"] = {"Yawalapití"},
["yax"] = {"Yauma"},
["yay"] = {"Agwagwune"},
["yaz"] = {"Lokaa"},
["yba"] = {"Yala"},
["ybb"] = {"Yemba"},
["ybe"] = {"West Yugur"},
["ybh"] = {"Yakha"},
["ybi"] = {"Yamphu"},
["ybj"] = {"Hasha"},
["ybk"] = {"Bokha"},
["ybl"] = {"Yukuben"},
["ybm"] = {"Yaben"},
["ybn"] = {"Yabaâna"},
["ybo"] = {"Yabong"},
["ybx"] = {"Yawiyo"},
["yby"] = {"Yaweyuha"},
["ych"] = {"Chesu"},
["ycl"] = {"Lolopo"},
["ycn"] = {"Yucuna"},
["ycp"] = {"Chepya"},
["ycr"] = {"Yilan Creole"},
["yda"] = {"Yanda"},
["ydd"] = {"Eastern Yiddish"},
["yde"] = {"Yangum Dey"},
["ydg"] = {"Yidgha"},
["ydk"] = {"Yoidik"},
["yea"] = {"Ravula"},
["yec"] = {"Yeniche"},
["yee"] = {"Yimas"},
["yei"] = {"Yeni"},
["yej"] = {"Yevanic"},
["yel"] = {"Yela"},
["yer"] = {"Tarok"},
["yes"] = {"Nyankpa"},
["yet"] = {"Yetfa"},
["yeu"] = {"Yerukula"},
["yev"] = {"Yapunda"},
["yey"] = {"Yeyi"},
["yga"] = {"Malyangapa"},
["ygi"] = {"Yiningayi"},
["ygl"] = {"Yangum Gel"},
["ygm"] = {"Yagomi"},
["ygp"] = {"Gepo"},
["ygr"] = {"Yagaria"},
["ygs"] = {"Yolŋu Sign Language"},
["ygu"] = {"Yugul"},
["ygw"] = {"Yagwoia"},
["yha"] = {"Baha Buyang"},
["yhd"] = {"Judeo-Iraqi Arabic"},
["yhl"] = {"Hlepho Phowa"},
["yhs"] = {"Yan-nhaŋu Sign Language"},
["yia"] = {"Yinggarda"},
["yif"] = {"Ache"},
["yig"] = {"Wusa Nasu"},
["yih"] = {"Western Yiddish"},
["yii"] = {"Yidiny"},
["yij"] = {"Yindjibarndi"},
["yik"] = {"Dongshanba Lalo"},
["yil"] = {"Yindjilandji"},
["yim"] = {"Yimchungru Naga"},
["yin"] = {"Riang Lai", "Yinchia"},
["yip"] = {"Pholo"},
["yiq"] = {"Miqie"},
["yir"] = {"North Awyu"},
["yis"] = {"Yis"},
["yit"] = {"Eastern Lalu"},
["yiu"] = {"Awu"},
["yiv"] = {"Northern Nisu"},
["yix"] = {"Axi Yi"},
["yiz"] = {"Azhe"},
["yka"] = {"Yakan"},
["ykg"] = {"Northern Yukaghir"},
["ykh"] = {"Khamnigan Mongol"},
["yki"] = {"Yoke"},
["ykk"] = {"Yakaikeke"},
["ykl"] = {"Khlula"},
["ykm"] = {"Kap"},
["ykn"] = {"Kua-nsi"},
["yko"] = {"Iyasa", "Yasa"},
["ykr"] = {"Yekora"},
["ykt"] = {"Kathu"},
["yku"] = {"Kuamasi"},
["yky"] = {"Yakoma"},
["yla"] = {"Yaul"},
["ylb"] = {"Yaleba"},
["yle"] = {"Yele"},
["ylg"] = {"Yelogu"},
["yli"] = {"Angguruk Yali"},
["yll"] = {"Yil"},
["ylm"] = {"Limi"},
["yln"] = {"Langnian Buyang"},
["ylo"] = {"Naluo Yi"},
["ylr"] = {"Yalarnnga"},
["ylu"] = {"Aribwaung"},
["yly"] = {"Nyâlayu", "Nyelâyu"},
["ymb"] = {"Yambes"},
["ymc"] = {"Southern Muji"},
["ymd"] = {"Muda"},
["yme"] = {"Yameo"},
["ymg"] = {"Yamongeri"},
["ymh"] = {"Mili"},
["ymi"] = {"Moji"},
["ymk"] = {"Makwe"},
["yml"] = {"Iamalele"},
["ymm"] = {"Maay"},
["ymn"] = {"Yamna", "Sunum"},
["ymo"] = {"Yangum Mon"},
["ymp"] = {"Yamap"},
["ymq"] = {"Qila Muji"},
["ymr"] = {"Malasar"},
["yms"] = {"Mysian"},
["ymx"] = {"Northern Muji"},
["ymz"] = {"Muzi"},
["yna"] = {"Aluo"},
["ynb"] = {"Yamben"},
["ynd"] = {"Yandruwandha"},
["yne"] = {"Lang'e"},
["yng"] = {"Yango"},
["ynk"] = {"Naukan Yupik"},
["ynl"] = {"Yangulam"},
["ynn"] = {"Yana"},
["yno"] = {"Yong"},
["ynq"] = {"Yendang"},
["yns"] = {"Yansi"},
["ynu"] = {"Yahuna"},
["yob"] = {"Yoba"},
["yog"] = {"Yogad"},
["yoi"] = {"Yonaguni"},
["yok"] = {"Yokuts"},
["yom"] = {"Yombe"},
["yon"] = {"Yongkom"},
["yot"] = {"Yotti"},
["yox"] = {"Yoron"},
["yoy"] = {"Yoy"},
["ypa"] = {"Phala"},
["ypb"] = {"Labo Phowa"},
["ypg"] = {"Phola"},
["yph"] = {"Phupha"},
["ypk"] = {"Yupik languages"},
["ypm"] = {"Phuma"},
["ypn"] = {"Ani Phowa"},
["ypo"] = {"Alo Phola"},
["ypp"] = {"Phupa"},
["ypz"] = {"Phuza"},
["yra"] = {"Yerakai"},
["yrb"] = {"Yareba"},
["yre"] = {"Yaouré"},
["yrk"] = {"Nenets"},
["yrl"] = {"Nhengatu"},
["yrm"] = {"Yirrk-Mel"},
["yrn"] = {"Yerong"},
["yro"] = {"Yaroamë"},
["yrs"] = {"Yarsun"},
["yrw"] = {"Yarawata"},
["yry"] = {"Yarluyandi"},
["ysc"] = {"Yassic"},
["ysd"] = {"Samatao"},
["ysg"] = {"Sonaga"},
["ysl"] = {"Yugoslavian Sign Language"},
["ysm"] = {"Myanmar Sign Language"},
["ysn"] = {"Sani"},
["yso"] = {"Nisi (China)"},
["ysp"] = {"Southern Lolopo"},
["ysr"] = {"Sirenik Yupik"},
["yss"] = {"Yessan-Mayo"},
["ysy"] = {"Sanie"},
["yta"] = {"Talu"},
["ytl"] = {"Tanglang"},
["ytp"] = {"Thopho"},
["ytw"] = {"Yout Wam"},
["yty"] = {"Yatay"},
["yua"] = {"Yucateco", "Yucatec Maya"},
["yub"] = {"Yugambal"},
["yuc"] = {"Yuchi"},
["yud"] = {"Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic"},
["yue"] = {"Yue Chinese", "Cantonese"},
["yuf"] = {"Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai"},
["yug"] = {"Yug"},
["yui"] = {"Yurutí"},
["yuj"] = {"Karkar-Yuri"},
["yuk"] = {"Yuki"},
["yul"] = {"Yulu"},
["yum"] = {"Quechan"},
["yun"] = {"Bena (Nigeria)"},
["yup"] = {"Yukpa"},
["yuq"] = {"Yuqui"},
["yur"] = {"Yurok"},
["yut"] = {"Yopno"},
["yuw"] = {"Yau (Morobe Province)"},
["yux"] = {"Southern Yukaghir"},
["yuy"] = {"East Yugur"},
["yuz"] = {"Yuracare"},
["yva"] = {"Yawa"},
["yvt"] = {"Yavitero"},
["ywa"] = {"Kalou"},
["ywg"] = {"Yinhawangka"},
["ywl"] = {"Western Lalu"},
["ywn"] = {"Yawanawa"},
["ywq"] = {"Wuding-Luquan Yi"},
["ywr"] = {"Yawuru"},
["ywt"] = {"Xishanba Lalo", "Central Lalo"},
["ywu"] = {"Wumeng Nasu"},
["yww"] = {"Yawarawarga"},
["yxa"] = {"Mayawali"},
["yxg"] = {"Yagara"},
["yxl"] = {"Yardliyawarra"},
["yxm"] = {"Yinwum"},
["yxu"] = {"Yuyu"},
["yxy"] = {"Yabula Yabula"},
["yyr"] = {"Yir Yoront"},
["yyu"] = {"Yau (Sandaun Province)"},
["yyz"] = {"Ayizi"},
["yzg"] = {"E'ma Buyang"},
["yzk"] = {"Zokhuo"},
["zaa"] = {"Sierra de Juárez Zapotec"},
["zab"] = {"Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec", "San Juan Guelavía Zapotec"},
["zac"] = {"Ocotlán Zapotec"},
["zad"] = {"Cajonos Zapotec"},
["zae"] = {"Yareni Zapotec"},
["zaf"] = {"Ayoquesco Zapotec"},
["zag"] = {"Zaghawa"},
["zah"] = {"Zangwal"},
["zai"] = {"Isthmus Zapotec"},
["zaj"] = {"Zaramo"},
["zak"] = {"Zanaki"},
["zal"] = {"Zauzou"},
["zam"] = {"Miahuatlán Zapotec"},
["zao"] = {"Ozolotepec Zapotec"},
["zap"] = {"Zapotec"},
["zaq"] = {"Aloápam Zapotec"},
["zar"] = {"Rincón Zapotec"},
["zas"] = {"Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec"},
["zat"] = {"Tabaa Zapotec"},
["zau"] = {"Zangskari"},
["zav"] = {"Yatzachi Zapotec"},
["zaw"] = {"Mitla Zapotec"},
["zax"] = {"Xadani Zapotec"},
["zay"] = {"Zayse-Zergulla", "Zaysete"},
["zaz"] = {"Zari"},
["zba"] = {"Balaibalan"},
["zbc"] = {"Central Berawan"},
["zbe"] = {"East Berawan"},
["zbl"] = {"Blissymbols", "Bliss", "Blissymbolics"},
["zbt"] = {"Batui"},
["zbu"] = {"Bu (Bauchi State)"},
["zbw"] = {"West Berawan"},
["zca"] = {"Coatecas Altas Zapotec"},
["zcd"] = {"Las Delicias Zapotec"},
["zch"] = {"Central Hongshuihe Zhuang"},
["zdj"] = {"Ngazidja Comorian"},
["zea"] = {"Zeeuws"},
["zeg"] = {"Zenag"},
["zeh"] = {"Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang"},
["zem"] = {"Zeem"},
["zen"] = {"Zenaga"},
["zga"] = {"Kinga"},
["zgb"] = {"Guibei Zhuang"},
["zgh"] = {"Standard Moroccan Tamazight"},
["zgm"] = {"Minz Zhuang"},
["zgn"] = {"Guibian Zhuang"},
["zgr"] = {"Magori"},
["zhb"] = {"Zhaba"},
["zhd"] = {"Dai Zhuang"},
["zhi"] = {"Zhire"},
["zhk"] = {"Kurdish Sign Language"},
["zhn"] = {"Nong Zhuang"},
["zhw"] = {"Zhoa"},
["zhx"] = {"Chinese (family)"},
["zia"] = {"Zia"},
["zib"] = {"Zimbabwe Sign Language"},
["zik"] = {"Zimakani"},
["zil"] = {"Zialo"},
["zim"] = {"Mesme"},
["zin"] = {"Zinza"},
["ziw"] = {"Zigula"},
["ziz"] = {"Zizilivakan"},
["zka"] = {"Kaimbulawa"},
["zkd"] = {"Kadu"},
["zkg"] = {"Koguryo"},
["zkh"] = {"Khorezmian"},
["zkk"] = {"Karankawa"},
["zkn"] = {"Kanan"},
["zko"] = {"Kott"},
["zkp"] = {"São Paulo Kaingáng"},
["zkr"] = {"Zakhring"},
["zkt"] = {"Kitan"},
["zku"] = {"Kaurna"},
["zkv"] = {"Krevinian"},
["zkz"] = {"Khazar"},
["zla"] = {"Zula"},
["zle"] = {"East Slavic languages"},
["zlj"] = {"Liujiang Zhuang"},
["zlm"] = {"Malay (individual language)"},
["zln"] = {"Lianshan Zhuang"},
["zlq"] = {"Liuqian Zhuang"},
["zls"] = {"South Slavic languages"},
["zlu"] = {"Zul"},
["zlw"] = {"West Slavic languages"},
["zma"] = {"Manda (Australia)"},
["zmb"] = {"Zimba"},
["zmc"] = {"Margany"},
["zmd"] = {"Maridan"},
["zme"] = {"Mangerr"},
["zmf"] = {"Mfinu"},
["zmg"] = {"Marti Ke"},
["zmh"] = {"Makolkol"},
["zmi"] = {"Negeri Sembilan Malay"},
["zmj"] = {"Maridjabin"},
["zmk"] = {"Mandandanyi"},
["zml"] = {"Matngala"},
["zmm"] = {"Marimanindji", "Marramaninyshi"},
["zmn"] = {"Mbangwe"},
["zmo"] = {"Molo"},
["zmp"] = {"Mbuun"},
["zmq"] = {"Mituku"},
["zmr"] = {"Maranunggu"},
["zms"] = {"Mbesa"},
["zmt"] = {"Maringarr"},
["zmu"] = {"Muruwari"},
["zmv"] = {"Mbariman-Gudhinma"},
["zmw"] = {"Mbo (Democratic Republic of Congo)"},
["zmx"] = {"Bomitaba"},
["zmy"] = {"Mariyedi"},
["zmz"] = {"Mbandja"},
["zna"] = {"Zan Gula"},
["znd"] = {"Zande languages"},
["zne"] = {"Zande (individual language)"},
["zng"] = {"Mang"},
["znk"] = {"Manangkari"},
["zns"] = {"Mangas"},
["zoc"] = {"Copainalá Zoque"},
["zoh"] = {"Chimalapa Zoque"},
["zom"] = {"Zou"},
["zoo"] = {"Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec"},
["zoq"] = {"Tabasco Zoque"},
["zor"] = {"Rayón Zoque"},
["zos"] = {"Francisco León Zoque"},
["zpa"] = {"Lachiguiri Zapotec"},
["zpb"] = {"Yautepec Zapotec"},
["zpc"] = {"Choapan Zapotec"},
["zpd"] = {"Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec"},
["zpe"] = {"Petapa Zapotec"},
["zpf"] = {"San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec"},
["zpg"] = {"Guevea De Humboldt Zapotec"},
["zph"] = {"Totomachapan Zapotec"},
["zpi"] = {"Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec"},
["zpj"] = {"Quiavicuzas Zapotec"},
["zpk"] = {"Tlacolulita Zapotec"},
["zpl"] = {"Lachixío Zapotec"},
["zpm"] = {"Mixtepec Zapotec"},
["zpn"] = {"Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec"},
["zpo"] = {"Amatlán Zapotec"},
["zpp"] = {"El Alto Zapotec"},
["zpq"] = {"Zoogocho Zapotec"},
["zpr"] = {"Santiago Xanica Zapotec"},
["zps"] = {"Coatlán Zapotec"},
["zpt"] = {"San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec"},
["zpu"] = {"Yalálag Zapotec"},
["zpv"] = {"Chichicapan Zapotec"},
["zpw"] = {"Zaniza Zapotec"},
["zpx"] = {"San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec"},
["zpy"] = {"Mazaltepec Zapotec"},
["zpz"] = {"Texmelucan Zapotec"},
["zqe"] = {"Qiubei Zhuang"},
["zra"] = {"Kara (Korea)"},
["zrg"] = {"Mirgan"},
["zrn"] = {"Zerenkel"},
["zro"] = {"Záparo"},
["zrp"] = {"Zarphatic"},
["zrs"] = {"Mairasi"},
["zsa"] = {"Sarasira"},
["zsk"] = {"Kaskean"},
["zsl"] = {"Zambian Sign Language"},
["zsm"] = {"Standard Malay"},
["zsr"] = {"Southern Rincon Zapotec"},
["zsu"] = {"Sukurum"},
["zte"] = {"Elotepec Zapotec"},
["ztg"] = {"Xanaguía Zapotec"},
["ztl"] = {"Lapaguía-Guivini Zapotec"},
["ztm"] = {"San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec"},
["ztn"] = {"Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec"},
["ztp"] = {"Loxicha Zapotec"},
["ztq"] = {"Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec"},
["zts"] = {"Tilquiapan Zapotec"},
["ztt"] = {"Tejalapan Zapotec"},
["ztu"] = {"Güilá Zapotec"},
["ztx"] = {"Zaachila Zapotec"},
["zty"] = {"Yatee Zapotec"},
["zuh"] = {"Tokano"},
["zum"] = {"Kumzari"},
["zun"] = {"Zuni"},
["zuy"] = {"Zumaya"},
["zwa"] = {"Zay"},
["zxx"] = {"No linguistic content", "Not applicable"},
["zyb"] = {"Yongbei Zhuang"},
["zyg"] = {"Yang Zhuang"},
["zyj"] = {"Youjiang Zhuang"},
["zyn"] = {"Yongnan Zhuang"},
["zyp"] = {"Zyphe Chin"},
["zza"] = {"Zaza", "Dimili", "Dimli (macrolanguage)", "Kirdki", "Kirmanjki (macrolanguage)", "Zazaki"},
["zzj"] = {"Zuojiang Zhuang"}
}

local deprecated = {
["bh"] = {"Bihari languages"},
["in"] = {"Indonesian"},
["iw"] = {"Hebrew"},
["ji"] = {"Yiddish"},
["jw"] = {"Javanese"},
["mo"] = {"Moldavian", "Moldovan"},
["aam"] = {"Aramanik"},
["adp"] = {"Adap"},
["agp"] = {"Paranan"},
["ais"] = {"Nataoran Amis"},
["ajp"] = {"South Levantine Arabic"},
["ajt"] = {"Judeo-Tunisian Arabic"},
["aoh"] = {"Arma"},
["asd"] = {"Asas"},
["aue"] = {"ǂKxʼauǁʼein"},
["ayx"] = {"Ayi (China)"},
["ayy"] = {"Tayabas Ayta"},
["baz"] = {"Tunen"},
["bbz"] = {"Babalia Creole Arabic"},
["bgm"] = {"Baga Mboteni"},
["bhk"] = {"Albay Bicolano"},
["bic"] = {"Bikaru"},
["bij"] = {"Vaghat-Ya-Bijim-Legeri"},
["bjd"] = {"Bandjigali"},
["bjq"] = {"Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"},
["bkb"] = {"Finallig"},
["blg"] = {"Balau"},
["bmy"] = {"Bemba (Democratic Republic of Congo)"},
["bpb"] = {"Barbacoas"},
["btb"] = {"Beti (Cameroon)"},
["btl"] = {"Bhatola"},
["bxx"] = {"Borna (Democratic Republic of Congo)"},
["byy"] = {"Buya"},
["cbe"] = {"Chipiajes"},
["cbh"] = {"Cagua"},
["cca"] = {"Cauca"},
["ccq"] = {"Chaungtha"},
["cdg"] = {"Chamari"},
["cjr"] = {"Chorotega"},
["cka"] = {"Khumi Awa Chin"},
["cmk"] = {"Chimakum"},
["coy"] = {"Coyaima"},
["cqu"] = {"Chilean Quechua"},
["cug"] = {"Chungmboko", "Cung"},
["cum"] = {"Cumeral"},
["daf"] = {"Dan"},
["dap"] = {"Nisi (India)"},
["dek"] = {"Dek"},
["dgu"] = {"Degaru"},
["dha"] = {"Dhanwar (India)"},
["dit"] = {"Dirari"},
["djl"] = {"Djiwarli"},
["dkl"] = {"Kolum So Dogon"},
["drh"] = {"Darkhat"},
["drr"] = {"Dororo"},
["drw"] = {"Darwazi"},
["dud"] = {"Hun-Saare"},
["duj"] = {"Dhuwal"},
["dwl"] = {"Walo Kumbe Dogon"},
["ekc"] = {"Eastern Karnic"},
["elp"] = {"Elpaputih"},
["emo"] = {"Emok"},
["gav"] = {"Gabutamon"},
["gbc"] = {"Garawa"},
["gfx"] = {"Mangetti Dune ǃXung"},
["ggn"] = {"Eastern Gurung"},
["ggo"] = {"Southern Gondi"},
["ggr"] = {"Aghu Tharnggalu"},
["gio"] = {"Gelao"},
["gji"] = {"Geji"},
["gli"] = {"Guliguli"},
["gti"] = {"Gbati-ri"},
["guv"] = {"Gey"},
["hrr"] = {"Horuru"},
["iap"] = {"Iapama"},
["ibi"] = {"Ibilo"},
["ill"] = {"Iranun"},
["ilw"] = {"Talur"},
["ime"] = {"Imeraguen"},
["izi"] = {"Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo"},
["jar"] = {"Jarawa (Nigeria)"},
["jeg"] = {"Jeng"},
["kbf"] = {"Kakauhua"},
["kdv"] = {"Kado"},
["kgc"] = {"Kasseng"},
["kgd"] = {"Kataang"},
["kgh"] = {"Upper Tanudan Kalinga"},
["kgm"] = {"Karipúna"},
["kjf"] = {"Khalaj [Indo-Iranian]"},
["koj"] = {"Sara Dunjo"},
["kox"] = {"Coxima"},
["kpp"] = {"Paku Karen"},
["krm"] = {"Krim"},
["ksa"] = {"Shuwa-Zamani"},
["ktr"] = {"Kota Marudu Tinagas"},
["kvs"] = {"Kunggara"},
["kwq"] = {"Kwak"},
["kxe"] = {"Kakihum"},
["kxl"] = {"Nepali Kurux"},
["kxu"] = {"Kui (India)"},
["kzh"] = {"Kenuzi-Dongola"},
["kzj"] = {"Coastal Kadazan"},
["kzt"] = {"Tambunan Dusun"},
["lak"] = {"Laka (Nigeria)"},
["lba"] = {"Lui"},
["leg"] = {"Lengua"},
["lii"] = {"Lingkhim"},
["llo"] = {"Khlor"},
["lmm"] = {"Lamam"},
["lmz"] = {"Lumbee"},
["lno"] = {"Lango (South Sudan)"},
["lsg"] = {"Lyons Sign Language"},
["meg"] = {"Mea"},
["mgx"] = {"Omati"},
["mhh"] = {"Maskoy Pidgin"},
["mja"] = {"Mahei"},
["mld"] = {"Malakhel"},
["mnt"] = {"Maykulan"},
["mof"] = {"Mohegan-Montauk-Narragansett"},
["mrd"] = {"Western Magar"},
["mst"] = {"Cataelano Mandaya"},
["mvm"] = {"Muya"},
["mwd"] = {"Mudbura"},
["mwj"] = {"Maligo"},
["mwx"] = {"Mediak"},
["mwy"] = {"Mosiro"},
["myd"] = {"Maramba"},
["myi"] = {"Mina (India)"},
["myq"] = {"Forest Maninka"},
["myt"] = {"Sangab Mandaya"},
["nad"] = {"Nijadali"},
["nbf"] = {"Naxi"},
["nbx"] = {"Ngura"},
["ncp"] = {"Ndaktup"},
["ngo"] = {"Ngoni"},
["nln"] = {"Durango Nahuatl"},
["nlr"] = {"Ngarla"},
["nns"] = {"Ningye"},
["nnx"] = {"Ngong"},
["nom"] = {"Nocamán"},
["noo"] = {"Nootka"},
["nte"] = {"Nathembo"},
["nts"] = {"Natagaimas"},
["nxu"] = {"Narau"},
["ome"] = {"Omejes"},
["oun"] = {"ǃOǃung"},
["pat"] = {"Papitalai"},
["pbz"] = {"Palu"},
["pcr"] = {"Panang"},
["pgy"] = {"Pongyong"},
["pii"] = {"Pini"},
["plj"] = {"Polci"},
["plp"] = {"Palpa"},
["pmc"] = {"Palumata"},
["pmk"] = {"Pamlico"},
["pmu"] = {"Mirpur Panjabi"},
["pod"] = {"Ponares"},
["ppa"] = {"Pao"},
["ppr"] = {"Piru"},
["prb"] = {"Lua'"},
["prp"] = {"Parsi"},
["pry"] = {"Pray 3"},
["puk"] = {"Pu Ko"},
["puz"] = {"Purum Naga"},
["rie"] = {"Rien"},
["rmr"] = {"Caló"},
["rna"] = {"Runa"},
["rsi"] = {"Rennellese Sign Language"},
["sap"] = {"Sanapaná"},
["sca"] = {"Sansu"},
["sdm"] = {"Semandang"},
["sgl"] = {"Sanglechi-Ishkashimi"},
["sgo"] = {"Songa"},
["shl"] = {"Shendu"},
["skk"] = {"Sok"},
["slq"] = {"Salchuq"},
["smd"] = {"Sama"},
["snb"] = {"Sebuyau"},
["snh"] = {"Shinabo"},
["sul"] = {"Surigaonon"},
["sum"] = {"Sumo-Mayangna"},
["svr"] = {"Savara"},
["szd"] = {"Seru"},
["tbb"] = {"Tapeba"},
["tdu"] = {"Tempasuk Dusun"},
["tgg"] = {"Tangga"},
["thc"] = {"Tai Hang Tong"},
["thw"] = {"Thudam"},
["thx"] = {"The"},
["tid"] = {"Tidong"},
["tie"] = {"Tingal"},
["tkk"] = {"Takpa"},
["tlw"] = {"South Wemale"},
["tmk"] = {"Northwestern Tamang"},
["tmp"] = {"Tai Mène"},
["tne"] = {"Tinoc Kallahan"},
["tnf"] = {"Tangshewi"},
["toe"] = {"Tomedes"},
["tpw"] = {"Tupí"},
["tsf"] = {"Southwestern Tamang"},
["unp"] = {"Worora"},
["uok"] = {"Uokha"},
["uun"] = {"Kulon-Pazeh"},
["vki"] = {"Ija-Zuba"},
["wgw"] = {"Wagawaga"},
["wit"] = {"Wintu"},
["wiw"] = {"Wirangu"},
["wra"] = {"Warapu"},
["wrd"] = {"Warduji"},
["wya"] = {"Wyandot"},
["xba"] = {"Kamba (Brazil)"},
["xbx"] = {"Kabixí"},
["xia"] = {"Xiandao"},
["xip"] = {"Xipináwa"},
["xkh"] = {"Karahawyana"},
["xrq"] = {"Karranga"},
["xss"] = {"Assan"},
["xtz"] = {"Tasmanian"},
["ybd"] = {"Yangbye"},
["yds"] = {"Yiddish Sign Language"},
["yen"] = {"Yendang"},
["yiy"] = {"Yir Yoront"},
["yma"] = {"Yamphe"},
["ymt"] = {"Mator-Taygi-Karagas"},
["ynh"] = {"Yangho"},
["yol"] = {"Yola"},
["yos"] = {"Yos"},
["yri"] = {"Yarí"},
["yuu"] = {"Yugh"},
["zir"] = {"Ziriya"},
["zkb"] = {"Koibal"},
["zua"] = {"Zeem"}
}

return {
active = active,
deprecated = deprecated,
}

Template:Taxonomy/Limosilactobacillus

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Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}}
|rank=genus
|link=Limosilactobacillus
|parent=Lactobacillaceae
|refs=
}}

Template:Taxonomy/Lactobacillaceae

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{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}}
|rank=familia
|link=Lactobacillaceae
|parent=Lactobacillales
|refs={{Lpsn3|family/lactobacillaceae|Lactobacillaceae}}
}}

Template:Yogurts

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Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

{{Navbox
|name = Yogurts
|title = [[Yogurt]]
|bodyclass = hlist
|image = [[File:Obstjoghurt01.jpg|80px]]

|group1 = Varieties
|list1 =
*[[Curd (India)|Curd]]
*[[Dadiah]]
*[[Dhau]]
*[[Frozen yogurt|Frozen]]
*[[Matzoon]]
*[[Nai lao]]
*[[Qatiq]]
*[[Strained yogurt|Strained]]

|group2 = [[Fermentation starter|Cultures]]
|list2 =
*[[Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus|''Lactobacillus delbrueckii'' subsp. ''bulgaricus'']]
*''[[Streptococcus thermophilus]]''
*''[[Lactobacillus]]''
*''[[Bifidobacterium]]''

|group3 = [[List of yogurt-based dishes and beverages|Dishes]]
|list3 =
*[[Borani]]
*[[Churri]]
*[[Çılbır]]
*[[Chukauni]]
*[[Cucumber raita]]
*[[Dahi chutney]]
*[[Dahi baigana]]
*[[Dahi machha]]
*[[Dahi puri]]
*[[Dahi vada]]
*[[Dahibara Aludam]]
*[[Dovga]]
*[[Jameed]]
*[[Kadhi]]
*[[Kashk]]
*[[Mitha dahi]]
*[[Parfait]]
*[[Papri chaat]]
*[[Raita]]
*[[Shrikhand]]
*[[Spas (soup)|Spas]]
*[[Tarator]]
*[[Tzatziki]]
*[[Zhoixo]]

|group4 = [[List of yogurt-based dishes and beverages|Drinks]]
|list4 =
*[[Acidophiline]]
*[[Ayran]]
*[[Chaas]]
*[[Chal]]
*[[Chalap]]
*[[Doogh]]
*[[Lassi]]
*[[Leben (milk product)|Leben]]
*[[Mattha]]
*[[Nai lao]]
*[[Omaere]]
*[[Ryazhenka]]
*[[Varenets]]

|group5 = Related
|list5 =
*[[Fermented milk products]]
*[[Amasi]]
*[[Buttermilk]]
*[[Calpis]]
*[[Clabber (food)|Clabber]]
*[[Crème fraîche]]
*[[Filmjölk]]
*[[Jocoque]]
*[[Kefir]]
*[[Kumis]]
*[[Mursik]]
*[[Quark (dairy product)|Quark]]
*[[Skyr]]
*[[Smetana (dairy product)|Smetana]]
*[[Sour cream]]
*[[Soured milk]]
*[[Suorat]]
*[[Viili]]
*[[Yakult]]
*[[Yayık ayranı]]
*[[Ymer (dairy product)|Ymer]]
*[[Whey]]
}}<noinclude>
{{navbox documentation}}
[[Category:Food and drink navigational boxes]]
</noinclude>

Template:Taxonomy/Lactobacillales

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Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}}
|rank=ordo
|link=Lactic acid bacteria|Lactobacillales
|parent=Bacilli
|refs={{Lpsn3|order/lactobacillales|Lactobacillales}}
}}

Template:Pluralise rank

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Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

<includeonly>{{#switch:{{lc:{{{1|}}}}}
|clade = Clades
|classis|class=Classes
|family|familia=Families
|genus=Genera
|ichnoclassis|ichnoclass=Ichnoclasses
|ichnofamily|ichnofamilia=Ichnofamilies
|ichnogenus=Ichnogenera
|ichnoordo|ichnoorder=Ichnoorders
|ichnospecies=Ichnospecies
|included taxon = Included taxa
|kingdom|regnum=Kingdoms
|ooclassis|ooclass=Ooclasses
|oofamily|oofamilia=Oofamilies
|oogenus=Oogenera
|oordo|oorder=Oorders
|oospecies=Oospecies
|ordo|order=Orders
|phylum=Phyla
|species=Species
|strain=Strains
|subspecies=Subspecies
|unranked = Unranked
|unranked taxon = Unranked taxa
|{{#ifeq:{{substr|{{{1}}}|3|8}}|Template|{{ns:0}}|{{error|Unrecognised rank: {{{1}}} [[Template:pluralise rank|fix]][[Category:Automatic taxobox cleanup]]}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>

Template:Children rank

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Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

<includeonly>{{pluralise rank|{{child rank|{{{1|}}} }} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation|Template:child rank/doc}}</noinclude>

Template:Child rank

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Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

<includeonly>{{#switch:{{#invoke:string|replace|{{lc:{{{1|}}}}}|^unranked_||1|0}}
|domain|subdomain|superkingdom|superregnum=regnum
|superdivisio=divisio
|kingdom|subkingdom|regnum|subregnum|superphylum=phylum
|phylum|subphylum|superclass|superclassis|divisio|subdivisio=classis
|ichnostem|ichnostem-group|ichnosuperclassis=ichnoclassis
|class|classis|subclass|subclassis|infraclassis|superorder|superordo|cohort=ordo
|ichnoclass|ichnoclassis|ichnosubclassis|ichnoinfraclassis|ichnodivisio|ichnomagnordo|ichnosuperordo|ichnograndordo=ichnordo
|ooclass|ooclassis|oosubclassis|oosupercohort|oocohort|oomagnordo|oosuperordo=oordo
|ichnorder|ichnordo|ichnomicrordo|ichnosubordo|ichnoinfraordo|ichnoparvordo|ichnosuperfamilia=ichnofamilia
|order|ordo|suborder|subordo|superfamilia=familia
|ichnofamily|ichnofamilia|ichnosubfamilia=ichnogenus
|oorder|oordo|morphotype=oofamilia
|family|familia|subfamily|subfamilia|tribus|supergenus=genus
|ichnogenus|ichnosubgenus=ichnospecies
|oofamily|oofamilia=oogenus
|genus|subgenus|superspecies=species
|ichnogenus|ichnosubgenus=ichnospecies
|oogenus|oosubgenus=oospecies
|species=subspecies
|ichnospecies=ichnosubspecies
|oospecies=oosubspecies
|informal group=grouping
|unranked = unranked
|{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:string|sub|s={{{1}}}|i=4|j=11}}|Template|{{ns:0}}|{{error|Unrecognised rank: {{{1}}} [[Template:Child rank|fix]][[Category:Automatic taxobox cleanup]]}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>

Template:Taxonomy/Bacilli

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Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}}
|rank=classis
|link=Bacilli
|parent=Bacillota
|refs={{Lpsn3|class/bacilli|Bacilli}}
}}

Template:Taxobox/species

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Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

{{#if:{{{2|}}}|
! colspan = 2 {{!}} <div style = "text-align: center">[[Conservation status]]</div>
{{!}}-
{{!}} colspan = 2 {{!}} <div style = "text-align: center">{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#switch:{{{1}}} | iucn2.3 | IUCN2.3 = {{#invoke:Conservation status|status|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3|}}}}}| iucn | IUCN | iucn3.1 | IUCN3.1 = {{#invoke:Conservation status|status|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3|}}}}}| epbc | EPBC = {{#invoke:Conservation status|status|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3|}}}}}| tnc | TNC | natureserve | NatureServe ={{#invoke:Conservation status|status|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3|}}}}}| esa | ESA ={{#invoke:Conservation status|status|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | cosewic | COSEWIC = {{#invoke:Conservation status|status|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | decf | DECF = {{#invoke:Conservation status|status|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | CITES | cites = {{#invoke:Conservation status|status|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}|{{{colour|}}}}}| nztcs | NZTCS = {{#invoke:Conservation status|status|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}|{{{colour|}}}}}| tspa | TSPA = {{#invoke:Conservation status|status|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}|{{{colour|}}}}}| CNCFLORA | cncflora |CNCFlora = {{#invoke:Conservation status|status|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}
| NSWBCA = {{#invoke:Conservation status|status|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}
| qldnca | QLDNCA = {{#invoke:Conservation status|status|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}
| rlsap | RLSAP |sanbi |SANBI = {{#invoke:Conservation status|status|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}
|TPWCA |tpwca = {{#invoke:Conservation status|status|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}|{{#invoke:Conservation status|status|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}
}}
| {{#switch:{{{2}}}
| EX
| ex = [[Extinction|Extinct]]{{#switch:{{{extinction_date|}}}|y|yes|true|=| ({{{extinction_date}}})}}
| EW
| ew = [[Extinction|Extinct]] in the wild {{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACEE}} | {{ns: 0}} | [[Category:Species extinct in the wild]][[Category:Taxoboxes needing a status system parameter]]|}}
| CR
| cr = [[Critically endangered species|Critically endangered]] {{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACEE}} | {{ns: 0}} | [[Category:Critically endangered species]][[Category:Taxoboxes needing a status system parameter]]|}}
| EN
| en = [[Endangered species|Endangered]] {{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACEE}} | {{ns: 0}} | [[Category:Endangered species]][[Category:Taxoboxes needing a status system parameter]]|}}
| VU
| vu = [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] {{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACEE}} | {{ns: 0}} | [[Category:Vulnerable species]][[Category:Taxoboxes needing a status system parameter]]|}}
| NT
| nt = [[Near Threatened]] {{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACEE}} | {{ns: 0}} | [[Category:Near threatened species]][[Category:Taxoboxes needing a status system parameter]]|}}
| LC
| lc = [[Least Concern]] {{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACEE}} | {{ns: 0}} | [[Category:Least concern species]][[Category:Taxoboxes needing a status system parameter]]|}}
| SE
| se
| SECURE
| Secure
| secure = Secure {{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACEE}} | {{ns: 0}} | [[Category:Taxoboxes needing a status system parameter]]|}}
| DD
| dd = [[Data deficient|Data Deficient]] {{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACEE}} | {{ns: 0}} | [[Category:Taxoboxes needing a status system parameter]]|}}
| DOM
| dom
| DOMESTICATED
| Domesticated
| domesticated = Domesticated {{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACEE}} | {{ns: 0}} | [[Category:Domesticated animals]]|}}

| {{{2}}} {{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACEE}} | {{ns: 0}} |[[Category:Invalid conservation status]]|}}
}}{{{3|}}}
}}</div>
}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>

Template:Lang

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Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

<includeonly>{{#invoke:Lang|{{{fn|lang}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>
{{Documentation}}
</noinclude>

Module:Check for unknown parameters

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Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

-- This module may be used to compare the arguments passed to the parent
-- with a list of arguments, returning a specified result if an argument is
-- not on the list

require ('strict');

local p = {}

local pushpin_map_params = {
'coordinates',
'pushpin_caption',
'pushpin_relief',
'pushpin_label',
'pushpin_label_position',
'pushpin_label_size',
'pushpin_map',
'pushpin_mark',
'pushpin_mark_size',
'pushpin_alt',
'pushpin_background',
'pushpin_map_size'
}

local mapframe_params = {
'coordinates',
'id',
'qid',
'mapframe',
'mapframe-area_km2',
'mapframe-area_mi2',
'mapframe-caption',
'mapframe-coord',
'mapframe-coordinates',
'mapframe-custom',
'mapframe-frame-coord',
'mapframe-frame-coordinates',
'mapframe-frame-height',
'mapframe-frame-width',
'mapframe-geomask',
'mapframe-geomask-fill',
'mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity',
'mapframe-geomask-stroke-color',
'mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour',
'mapframe-geomask-stroke-width',
'mapframe-height',
'mapframe-id',
'mapframe-length_km',
'mapframe-length_mi',
'mapframe-line',
'mapframe-line-stroke-color',
'mapframe-line-stroke-colour',
'mapframe-marker',
'mapframe-marker-color',
'mapframe-marker-colour',
'mapframe-point',
'mapframe-population',
'mapframe-shape',
'mapframe-shape-fill',
'mapframe-shape-fill-opacity',
'mapframe-shape-stroke-color',
'mapframe-shape-stroke-colour',
'mapframe-stroke-color',
'mapframe-stroke-colour',
'mapframe-stroke-width',
'mapframe-switcher',
'mapframe-type',
'mapframe-width',
'mapframe-wikidata',
'mapframe-zoom'
}

local function trim(s)
return s:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$')
end

local function isnotempty(s)
return s and s:match('%S')
end

local function clean(text)
-- Return text cleaned for display and truncated if too long.
-- Strip markers are replaced with dummy text representing the original wikitext.
local pos, truncated
local function truncate(text)
if truncated then
return ''
end
if mw.ustring.len(text) > 25 then
truncated = true
text = mw.ustring.sub(text, 1, 25) .. '...'
end
return mw.text.nowiki(text)
end
local parts = {}
for before, tag, remainder in text:gmatch('([^\127]*)\127[^\127]*%-(%l+)%-[^\127]*\127()') do
pos = remainder
table.insert(parts, truncate(before) .. '<' .. tag .. '>...</' .. tag .. '>')
end
table.insert(parts, truncate(text:sub(pos or 1)))
return table.concat(parts)
end

function p._check(args, pargs)
if type(args) ~= "table" or type(pargs) ~= "table" then
-- TODO: error handling
return
end

-- create the list of known args, regular expressions, and the return string
local knownargs = {}

if isnotempty(args['mapframe_args']) then
for _, v in ipairs(mapframe_params) do
knownargs[v] = 1
end
end

if isnotempty(args['pushpin_map_args']) then
for _, v in ipairs(pushpin_map_params) do
knownargs[v] = 1
end
end

local regexps = {}
for k, v in pairs(args) do
if type(k) == 'number' then
v = trim(v)
knownargs[v] = 1
elseif k:find('^regexp[1-9][0-9]*$') then
table.insert(regexps, '^' .. v .. '$')
end
end

-- loop over the parent args, and make sure they are on the list
local ignoreblank = isnotempty(args['ignoreblank'])
local showblankpos = isnotempty(args['showblankpositional'])
local values = {}
for k, v in pairs(pargs) do
if type(k) == 'string' and knownargs[k] == nil then
local knownflag = false
for _, regexp in ipairs(regexps) do
if mw.ustring.match(k, regexp) then
knownflag = true
break
end
end
if not knownflag and ( not ignoreblank or isnotempty(v) ) then
table.insert(values, clean(k))
end
elseif type(k) == 'number' and knownargs[tostring(k)] == nil then
local knownflag = false
for _, regexp in ipairs(regexps) do
if mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), regexp) then
knownflag = true
break
end
end
if not knownflag and ( showblankpos or isnotempty(v) ) then
table.insert(values, k .. ' = ' .. clean(v))
end
end
end

-- add results to the output tables
local res = {}
if #values > 0 then
local unknown_text = args['unknown'] or 'Found _VALUE_, '

if mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess( "{{REVISIONID}}" ) == "" then
local preview_text = args['preview']
if isnotempty(preview_text) then
preview_text = require('Module:If preview')._warning({preview_text})
elseif preview_text == nil then
preview_text = unknown_text
end
unknown_text = preview_text
end
for _, v in pairs(values) do
-- Fix odd bug for | = which gets stripped to the empty string and
-- breaks category links
if v == '' then v = ' ' end

-- avoid error with v = 'example%2' ("invalid capture index")
local r = unknown_text:gsub('_VALUE_', {_VALUE_ = v})
table.insert(res, r)
end
end

return table.concat(res)
end

function p.check(frame)
local args = frame.args
local pargs = frame:getParent().args
return p._check(args, pargs)
end

return p

Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms

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Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

-- File-Date: 2013-01-11
return {
["aar"] = "aa",
["abk"] = "ab",
["afr"] = "af",
["aka"] = "ak",
["amh"] = "am",
["ara"] = "ar",
["arg"] = "an",
["asm"] = "as",
["ava"] = "av",
["ave"] = "ae",
["aym"] = "ay",
["aze"] = "az",
["bak"] = "ba",
["bam"] = "bm",
["bel"] = "be",
["ben"] = "bn",
["bih"] = "bh",
["bis"] = "bi",
["bod"] = "bo",
["bos"] = "bs",
["bre"] = "br",
["bul"] = "bg",
["cat"] = "ca",
["ces"] = "cs",
["cha"] = "ch",
["che"] = "ce",
["chu"] = "cu",
["chv"] = "cv",
["cor"] = "kw",
["cos"] = "co",
["cre"] = "cr",
["cym"] = "cy",
["dan"] = "da",
["deu"] = "de",
["div"] = "dv",
["dzo"] = "dz",
["ell"] = "el",
["eng"] = "en",
["epo"] = "eo",
["est"] = "et",
["eus"] = "eu",
["ewe"] = "ee",
["fao"] = "fo",
["fas"] = "fa",
["fij"] = "fj",
["fin"] = "fi",
["fra"] = "fr",
["fry"] = "fy",
["ful"] = "ff",
["gla"] = "gd",
["gle"] = "ga",
["glg"] = "gl",
["glv"] = "gv",
["grn"] = "gn",
["guj"] = "gu",
["hat"] = "ht",
["hau"] = "ha",
["heb"] = "he",
["her"] = "hz",
["hin"] = "hi",
["hmo"] = "ho",
["hrv"] = "hr",
["hun"] = "hu",
["hye"] = "hy",
["ibo"] = "ig",
["ido"] = "io",
["iii"] = "ii",
["iku"] = "iu",
["ile"] = "ie",
["ina"] = "ia",
["ind"] = "id",
["ipk"] = "ik",
["isl"] = "is",
["ita"] = "it",
["jav"] = "jv",
["jpn"] = "ja",
["kal"] = "kl",
["kan"] = "kn",
["kas"] = "ks",
["kat"] = "ka",
["kau"] = "kr",
["kaz"] = "kk",
["khm"] = "km",
["kik"] = "ki",
["kin"] = "rw",
["kir"] = "ky",
["kom"] = "kv",
["kon"] = "kg",
["kor"] = "ko",
["kua"] = "kj",
["kur"] = "ku",
["lao"] = "lo",
["lat"] = "la",
["lav"] = "lv",
["lim"] = "li",
["lin"] = "ln",
["lit"] = "lt",
["ltz"] = "lb",
["lub"] = "lu",
["lug"] = "lg",
["mah"] = "mh",
["mal"] = "ml",
["mar"] = "mr",
["mkd"] = "mk",
["mlg"] = "mg",
["mlt"] = "mt",
["mon"] = "mn",
["mri"] = "mi",
["msa"] = "ms",
["mya"] = "my",
["nau"] = "na",
["nav"] = "nv",
["nbl"] = "nr",
["nde"] = "nd",
["ndo"] = "ng",
["nep"] = "ne",
["nld"] = "nl",
["nno"] = "nn",
["nob"] = "nb",
["nor"] = "no",
["nya"] = "ny",
["oci"] = "oc",
["oji"] = "oj",
["ori"] = "or",
["orm"] = "om",
["oss"] = "os",
["pan"] = "pa",
["pli"] = "pi",
["pol"] = "pl",
["por"] = "pt",
["pus"] = "ps",
["que"] = "qu",
["roh"] = "rm",
["ron"] = "ro",
["run"] = "rn",
["rus"] = "ru",
["sag"] = "sg",
["san"] = "sa",
["sin"] = "si",
["slk"] = "sk",
["slv"] = "sl",
["sme"] = "se",
["smo"] = "sm",
["sna"] = "sn",
["snd"] = "sd",
["som"] = "so",
["sot"] = "st",
["spa"] = "es",
["sqi"] = "sq",
["srd"] = "sc",
["srp"] = "sr",
["ssw"] = "ss",
["sun"] = "su",
["swa"] = "sw",
["swe"] = "sv",
["tah"] = "ty",
["tam"] = "ta",
["tat"] = "tt",
["tel"] = "te",
["tgk"] = "tg",
["tgl"] = "tl",
["tha"] = "th",
["tir"] = "ti",
["ton"] = "to",
["tsn"] = "tn",
["tso"] = "ts",
["tuk"] = "tk",
["tur"] = "tr",
["twi"] = "tw",
["uig"] = "ug",
["ukr"] = "uk",
["urd"] = "ur",
["uzb"] = "uz",
["ven"] = "ve",
["vie"] = "vi",
["vol"] = "vo",
["wln"] = "wa",
["wol"] = "wo",
["xho"] = "xh",
["yid"] = "yi",
["yor"] = "yo",
["zha"] = "za",
["zho"] = "zh",
["zul"] = "zu"
}

Module:Lang/data

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Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

local lang_obj = mw.language.getContentLanguage();
local this_wiki_lang_tag = lang_obj.code; -- get this wiki's language tag

--[[--------------------------< L A N G _ N A M E _ T A B L E >------------------------------------------------

primary table of tables that decode:
lang -> language tags and names
script -> ISO 15924 script tags
region -> ISO 3166 region tags
variant -> IANA registered variant tags
suppressed -> map of scripts tags and their associated language tags

all of these data come from separate modules that are derived from the IANA language-subtag-registry file

key_to_lower() avoids the metatable trap and sets all keys in the subtables to lowercase. Many language codes
have multiple associated names; Module:lang is only concerned with the first name so key_to_lower() only fetches
the first name.

]]

local function key_to_lower (module, src_type)
local out = {};
local source_t = (('var_sup' == src_type) and require (module)) or mw.loadData (module); -- fetch data from this module; require() avoids metatable trap for variant data

if 'var_sup' == src_type then
for k, v in pairs (source_t) do
out[k:lower()] = v; -- for variant and suppressed everything is needed
end

elseif 'lang' == src_type and source_t.active then -- for ~/iana_languages (active)
for k, v in pairs (source_t.active) do
out[k:lower()] = v[1]; -- ignore multiple names; take first name only
end

elseif 'lang_dep' == src_type and source_t.deprecated then -- for ~/iana_languages (deprecated)
for k, v in pairs (source_t.deprecated) do
out[k:lower()] = v[1]; -- ignore multiple names; take first name only
end

else -- here for all other sources
for k, v in pairs (source_t) do
out[k:lower()] = v[1]; -- ignore multiple names; take first name only
end
end
return out;
end

local lang_name_table_t = {
lang = key_to_lower ('Module:Lang/data/iana languages', 'lang'),
lang_dep = key_to_lower ('Module:Lang/data/iana languages', 'lang_dep'),
script = key_to_lower ('Module:Lang/data/iana scripts'), -- script keys are capitalized; set to lower
region = key_to_lower ('Module:Lang/data/iana regions'), -- region keys are uppercase; set to lower
variant = key_to_lower ('Module:Lang/data/iana variants', 'var_sup'),
suppressed = key_to_lower ('Module:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts', 'var_sup'), -- script keys are capitalized; set to lower
}

--[[----------------------------------------------------------

For internationalization; not used at en.wiki

The language names taken from the IANA language-subtag-registry file are given in English. That may not be ideal.
Translating ~8,000 language names is also not ideal. MediaWiki maintains (much) shorter lists of language names
in most languages for which there is a Wikipedia edition. When desired, Module:Lang can use the MediaWiki
language list for the local language.

Caveat lector: the list of MediaWiki language names for your language may not be complete or may not exist at all.
When incomplete, MediaWiki's list will 'fall back' to another language (typically English). When that happens
add an appropriate entry to the override table below.

Caveat lector: the list of MediaWiki language names for your language may not be correct. At en.wiki, the
MediaWiki language names do not agree with the IANA language names for these ISO 639-1 tags. Often it is simply
spelling differences:
bh: IANA: Bihari languages MW: Bhojpuri – the ISO 639-3 tag for Bhojpuri is bho
bn: IANA: Bengali MW: Bangla – Bengali is the exonym, Bangla is the endonym
dv: IANA: Dhivehi MW: Divehi
el: IANA: Modern Greek MW: Greek
ht: IANA: Haitian MW: Haitian Creole
ky: IANA: Kirghiz MW: Kyrgyz
li: IANA: Limburgan MW: Limburgish
or: IANA: Oriya MW: Odia
os: IANA: Ossetian MW: Ossetic
"pa: IANA: Panjabi MW: Punjabi
"ps: IANA: Pushto MW: Pashto
"to: IANA: Tonga MW: Tongan
"ug: IANA: Uighur MW: Uyghur
use the override table to override language names that are incorrect for your project

To see the list of names that MediaWiki has for your language, enter this in the Debug console:
=mw.dumpObject (mw.language.fetchLanguageNames ('<tag>', 'all'))
(replacing <tag> with the language tag for your language)

Use of the MediaWiki language names lists is enabled when media_wiki_override_enable is set to boolean true.

]]

local media_wiki_override_enable = false; -- set to true to override IANA names with MediaWiki names; always false at en.wiki
-- caveat lector: the list of MediaWiki language names for your language may not be complete or may not exist at all
if true == media_wiki_override_enable then
local mw_languages_by_tag_t = mw.language.fetchLanguageNames (this_wiki_lang_tag, 'all'); -- get a table of language tag/name pairs known to MediaWiki
for tag, name in pairs (mw_languages_by_tag_t) do -- loop through each tag/name pair in the MediaWiki list
if lang_name_table_t.lang[tag] then -- if the tag is in the main list
lang_name_table_t.lang[tag] = name; -- overwrite existing name with the name from MediaWiki
end
end
end

--[[--------------------------< O V E R R I D E >--------------------------------------------------------------

Language codes and names in this table override the BCP47 names in lang_name_table.

indexes in this table shall always be lower case

]]

local override = {
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

["ab"] = "Abkhaz", -- to match en.wiki article name
["ca-valencia"] = "Valencian",
["cu"] = "Church Slavonic", -- 2nd IANA name;
["de-at"] = "Austrian German", -- these code-region and code-variant tags to match en.wiki article names
["de-ch"] = "Swiss Standard German",
["en-au"] = "Australian English",
["en-ca"] = "Canadian English",
["en-emodeng"] = "Early Modern English",
["en-gb"] = "British English",
["en-ie"] = "Irish English",
["en-in"] = "Indian English",
["en-nz"] = "New Zealand English",
["en-us"] = "American English",
["en-za"] = "South African English",
["fr-ca"] = "Canadian French",
["fr-gallo"] = "Gallo",
["fy"] = "West Frisian", -- Western Frisian
["mo"] = "Moldovan", -- Moldavian (deprecated code); to match en.wiki article title
["nl-be"] = "Flemish", -- match MediaWiki
["oc-gascon"] = "Gascon",
["oc-provenc"] = "Provençal",
["ps"] = "Pashto", -- Pushto
["pt-br"] = "Brazilian Portuguese", -- match MediaWiki
["ro-md"] = "Moldovan", -- 'not deprecated' form
["ro-cyrl-md"] = "Moldovan", -- 'not deprecated' form
["tw-asante"] = "Asante Twi",
["ug"] = "Uyghur", -- 2nd IANA name; to match en.wiki article name

-- these ISO 639-1 language-name overrides imported from Module:Language/data/wp_languages (since deleted)
--<begin do-not-edit except to comment out>--
["av"] = "Avar", -- Avaric
["bo"] = "Standard Tibetan", -- Tibetan
["el"] = "Greek", -- Modern Greek
-- ["en-SA"] = "South African English", -- English; no; SA is not South Africa it Saudi Arabia; ZA is South Africa
["ff"] = "Fula", -- Fulah
["ht"] = "Haitian Creole", -- Haitian
["hz"] = "Otjiherero", -- Herero
["ii"] = "Yi", -- Sichuan Yi
["ki"] = "Gikuyu", -- Kikuyu
["kl"] = "Greenlandic", -- Kalaallisut
["ky"] = "Kyrgyz", -- Kirghiz
["lg"] = "Luganda", -- Ganda
["li"] = "Limburgish", -- Limburgan
["mi"] = "Māori", -- Maori
["na"] = "Nauruan", -- Nauru
["nb"] = "Bokmål", -- Norwegian Bokmål
["nd"] = "Northern Ndebele", -- North Ndebele
["nn"] = "Nynorsk", -- Norwegian Nynorsk
["nr"] = "Southern Ndebele", -- South Ndebele
["ny"] = "Chichewa", -- Nyanja
["oj"] = "Ojibwe", -- Ojibwa
["or"] = "Odia", -- Oriya
["pa"] = "Punjabi", -- Panjabi
["rn"] = "Kirundi", -- Rundi
["sl"] = "Slovene", -- Slovenian
["ss"] = "Swazi", -- Swati
["st"] = "Sotho", -- Southern Sotho
["to"] = "Tongan", -- Tonga
--<end do-not-edit except to comment out>--

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

["alv"] = "Atlantic–Congo languages", -- to match en.wiki article title (endash)
["arc"] = "Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)", -- Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE), Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE); to match en.wiki article title uses ISO639-2 'preferred' name
["art"] = "constructed", -- to match en.wiki article; lowercase for category name
["arx"] = "Aruá (Rondonia State)", -- Aruá (Rodonia State); to match en.wiki article
["ast-es"] = "Leonese", -- ast in IANA is Asturian; Leonese is a dialect
["bea"] = "Dane-zaa", -- Beaver; to match en.wiki article title
["bha"] = "Bhariati", -- Bharia; to match en.wiki article title
["bhd"] = "Bhadarwahi", -- Bhadrawahi; to match en.wiki article title
["bla"] = "Blackfoot", -- Siksika; to match en.wiki article title
["blc"] = "Nuxalk", -- Bella Coola; to match en.wiki article title
["bua"] = "Buryat", -- Buriat; this is a macro language; these four use wp preferred transliteration;
["bxm"] = "Mongolian Buryat", -- Mongolia Buriat; these three all redirect to Buryat
["bxr"] = "Russian Buryat", -- Russia Buriat;
["bxu"] = "Chinese Buryat", -- China Buriat;
["byr"] = "Yipma", -- Baruya, Yipma
["clm"] = "Klallam", -- Clallam; to match en.wiki article title
["crb"] = "Kalinago", -- Island Carib; to match en.wiki article
["egy"] = "Ancient Egyptian", -- Egyptian (Ancient); distinguish from contemporary arz: Egyptian Arabic
["ems"] = "Alutiiq", -- Pacific Gulf Yupik; to match en.wiki article title
["esx"] = "Eskimo–Aleut languages", -- to match en.wiki article title (endash)
["frr"] = "North Frisian", -- Northern Frisian
["frs"] = "East Frisian Low Saxon", -- Eastern Frisian
["gsw-fr"] = "Alsatian", -- match MediaWiki
["haa"] = "Hän", -- Han; to match en.wiki article title
["hei"] = "Heiltsuk–Oowekyala", -- Heiltsuk; to match en.wiki article title
["hmx"] = "Hmong–Mien languages", -- to match en.wiki article title (endash)
["ilo"] = "Ilocano", -- Iloko; to match en.wiki article title
["jam"] = "Jamaican Patois", -- Jamaican Creole English
["lij-mc"] = "Monégasque", -- Ligurian as spoken in Monaco; this one for proper tool tip; also in <article_name> table
["luo"] = "Dholuo", -- IANA (primary) /ISO 639-3: Luo (Kenya and Tanzania); IANA (secondary): Dholuo
["mhr"] = "Meadow Mari", -- Eastern Mari
["mid"] = "Modern Mandaic", -- Mandaic
['mis'] = "uncoded", -- Uncoded languages; capitalization; special scope, not collective scope;
["mkh"] = "Mon–Khmer languages", -- to match en.wiki article title (endash)
["mla"] = "Tamambo", -- Malo
['mte'] = "Mono-Alu", -- Mono (Solomon Islands)
['mul'] = "multiple", -- Multiple languages; capitalization; special scope, not collective scope;
["nan-tw"] = "Taiwanese Hokkien", -- make room for IANA / 639-3 nan Min Nan Chinese; match en.wiki article title
["new"] = "Newar", -- Newari, Nepal Bhasa; to match en,wiki article title
["ngf"] = "Trans–New Guinea languages", -- to match en.wiki article title (endash)
["nic"] = "Niger–Congo languages", -- Niger-Kordofanian languages; to match en,wiki article title
["nrf"] = "Norman", -- not quite a collective - IANA name: Jèrriais + Guernésiais; categorizes to Norman-language text
["nrf-gg"] = "Guernésiais", -- match MediaWiki
["nrf-je"] = "Jèrriais", -- match MediaWiki
["nzi"] = "Nzema", -- Nzima; to match en.wiki article title
["oma"] = "Omaha–Ponca", -- to match en.wiki article title (endash)
["orv"] = "Old East Slavic", -- Old Russian
["pfl"] = "Palatine German", -- Pfaelzisch; to match en.wiki article
["pie"] = "Piro Pueblo", -- Piro; to match en.wiki article
["pms"] = "Piedmontese", -- Piemontese; to match en.wiki article title
["pnb"] = "Punjabi (Western)", -- Western Panjabi; dab added to override import from ~/wp languages and distinguish pnb from pa in reverse look up tag_from_name()
['qwm'] = "Cuman", -- Kuman (Russia); to match en.wiki article name
["rop"] = "Australian Kriol", -- Kriol; en.wiki article is a dab; point to correct en.wiki article
["rsk"] = "Pannonian Rusyn", -- Ruthenian; en.wiki preferred name
["sco-ulster"] = "Ulster Scots",
["sdo"] = "Bukar–Sadong", -- Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh; to match en.wiki article title
["smp"] = "Samaritan Hebrew", -- to match en.wiki article title
["stq"] = "Saterland Frisian", -- Saterfriesisch
["tet"] = "Tetun", -- to match en.wiki article title
["tfn"] = "Denaʼina", -- to match en.wiki article title
["und"] = "undetermined", -- capitalization to match existing category
["wrg"] = "Warrongo", -- Warungu
["xal-ru"] = "Kalmyk", -- to match en.wiki article title
["xgf"] = "Tongva", -- ISO 639-3 is Gabrielino-Fernandeño
["yuf"] = "Havasupai–Hualapai", -- Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai; to match en.wiki article title
["zkh"] = "Khorezmian Turkic", -- Khorezmian; to match en.wiki article title, avoiding the dab
["zkt"] = "Khitan", -- Kitan; to match en.wiki article title
["zxx"] = "no linguistic content", -- capitalization

-- these ISO 639-2, -3 language-name overrides imported from Module:Language/data/wp_languages (since deleted)
--<begin do-not-edit except to comment out>--
["ace"] = "Acehnese", -- Achinese
["aec"] = "Sa'idi Arabic", -- Saidi Arabic
["akl"] = "Aklan", -- Aklanon
["alt"] = "Altay", -- Southern Altai
["apm"] = "Mescalero-Chiricahua", -- Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache
["bal"] = "Balochi", -- Baluchi
-- ["bcl"] = "Central Bicolano", -- Central Bikol
["bin"] = "Edo", -- Bini
["bpy"] = "Bishnupriya Manipuri", -- Bishnupriya
["chg"] = "Chagatay", -- Chagatai
["ckb"] = "Sorani Kurdish", -- Central Kurdish
["cnu"] = "Shenwa", -- Chenoua
["coc"] = "Cocopah", -- Cocopa
["diq"] = "Zazaki", -- Dimli
["fit"] = "Meänkieli", -- Tornedalen Finnish
["fkv"] = "Kven", -- Kven Finnish
["frk"] = "Old Frankish", -- Frankish
["gez"] = "Ge'ez", -- Geez
["gju"] = "Gujari", -- Gujari
["gsw"] = "Alemannic German", -- Swiss German
["gul"] = "Gullah", -- Sea Island Creole English
["hak"] = "Hakka", -- Hakka Chinese
["hbo"] = "Biblical Hebrew", -- Ancient Hebrew
["hnd"] = "Hindko", -- Southern Hindko
-- ["ikt"] = "Inuvialuk", -- Inuinnaqtun
["kaa"] = "Karakalpak", -- Kara-Kalpak
["khb"] = "Tai Lü", -- Lü
["kmr"] = "Kurmanji Kurdish", -- Northern Kurdish
["kpo"] = "Kposo", -- Ikposo
["krj"] = "Kinaray-a", -- Kinaray-A
-- ["ktz"] = "Juǀ'hoan", -- Juǀʼhoan
["lez"] = "Lezgian", -- Lezghian
["liv"] = "Livonian", -- Liv
["lng"] = "Lombardic", -- Langobardic
["mia"] = "Miami-Illinois", -- Miami
["miq"] = "Miskito", -- Mískito
["mix"] = "Mixtec", -- Mixtepec Mixtec
["mni"] = "Meitei", -- Manipuri
["mrj"] = "Hill Mari", -- Western Mari
["mww"] = "White Hmong", -- Hmong Daw
["nds-nl"] = "Dutch Low Saxon", -- Low German
-- ["new"] = "Nepal Bhasa", -- Newari
["nso"] = "Northern Sotho", -- Pedi
-- ["nwc"] = "Classical Nepal Bhasa", -- Classical Newari, Classical Nepal Bhasa, Old Newari
["ood"] = "O'odham", -- Tohono O'odham
["otk"] = "Old Turkic", -- Old Turkish
["pal"] = "Middle Persian", -- Pahlavi
["pam"] = "Kapampangan", -- Pampanga
["phr"] = "Potwari", -- Pahari-Potwari
["pka"] = "Jain Prakrit", -- Ardhamāgadhī Prākrit
-- ["pnb"] = "Punjabi", -- Western Panjabi
["psu"] = "Shauraseni", -- Sauraseni Prākrit
["rap"] = "Rapa Nui", -- Rapanui
["rar"] = "Cook Islands Māori", -- Rarotongan
["rmu"] = "Scandoromani", -- Tavringer Romani
["rom"] = "Romani", -- Romany
["rup"] = "Aromanian", -- Macedo-Romanian
["ryu"] = "Okinawan", -- Central Okinawan
["sdc"] = "Sassarese", -- Sassarese Sardinian
["sdn"] = "Gallurese", -- Gallurese Sardinian
["shp"] = "Shipibo", -- Shipibo-Conibo
["src"] = "Logudorese", -- Logudorese Sardinian
["sro"] = "Campidanese", -- Campidanese Sardinian
["tkl"] = "Tokelauan", -- Tokelau
["tvl"] = "Tuvaluan", -- Tuvalu
["tyv"] = "Tuvan", -- Tuvinian
["vls"] = "West Flemish", -- Vlaams
["wep"] = "Westphalian", -- Westphalien
["xal"] = "Oirat", -- Kalmyk
["xcl"] = "Old Armenian", -- Classical Armenian
["yua"] = "Yucatec Maya", -- Yucateco
--<end do-not-edit except to comment out>--

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

["akk-x-latbabyl"] = "Late Babylonian Akkadian",
["akk-x-midassyr"] = "Middle Assyrian Akkadian",
["akk-x-midbabyl"] = "Middle Babylonian Akkadian",
["akk-x-neoassyr"] = "Neo-Assyrian Akkadian",
["akk-x-neobabyl"] = "Neo-Babylonian Akkadian",
["akk-x-old"] = "Old Akkadian",
["akk-x-oldassyr"] = "Old Assyrian Akkadian",
["akk-x-oldbabyl"] = "Old Babylonian Akkadian",
["alg-x-proto"] = "Proto-Algonquian", -- alg in IANA is Algonquian languages
["ar-x-classic"] = "Classical Arabic",
["ar-x-nabat"] = "Nabataean Arabic",
["ar-x-safaitic"] = "Safaitic",
["art-x-uropi"] = "Uropi", -- art in IANA is Artificial languages
["ast-x-west"] = "Western Asturian",
["ca-x-old"] = "Old Catalan",
["cel-x-combrit"] = "Common Brittonic", -- cel in IANA is Celtic languages
["cel-x-proto"] = "Proto-Celtic",
["ccs-x-proto"] = "Proto-Kartvelian", -- ccs in IANA is Kartvelian languages
["egy-x-demotic"] = "Demotic Egyptian",
["egy-x-late"] = "Late Egyptian",
["egy-x-middle"] = "Middle Egyptian",
["egy-x-old"] = "Old Egyptian",
["et-x-seto"] = "Seto", -- to replace {{Lang-est-sea}}
["fa-x-classic"] = "Classical Persian",
["fiu-x-proto"] = "Proto-Finno-Ugric", -- fiu in IANA is Finno-Ugric languages
["fr-x-frainc"] = "Franc-Comtois", -- to replace {{Lang-fra-frc}}
["fr-x-quebec"] = "Quebec French",
["gem-x-proto"] = "Proto-Germanic", -- gem in IANA is Germanic languages
["gmq-x-proto"] = "Proto-Norse",
["gmw-x-ecg"] = "East Central German",
["gmw-x-proto"] = "Proto-West Germanic",
["grc-x-aeolic"] = "Aeolic Greek", -- these grc-x-... codes are preferred alternates to the non-standard catchall code grc-gre
["grc-x-arcadcyp"] = "Arcadocypriot Greek",
["grc-x-attic"] = "Attic Greek",
["grc-x-biblical"] = "Biblical Greek",
["grc-x-byzant"] = "Byzantine Greek",
["grc-x-classic"] = "Classical Greek",
["grc-x-doric"] = "Doric Greek",
["grc-x-hellen"] = "Hellenistic Greek",
["grc-x-ionic"] = "Ionic Greek",
["grc-x-koine"] = "Koine Greek",
["grc-x-medieval"] = "Medieval Greek",
["grc-x-pamph"] = "Pamphylian Greek",
["grc-x-patris"] = "Patristic Greek",
["grk-x-proto"] = "Proto-Greek", -- grk in IANA is Greek languages
["iir-x-proto"] = "Proto-Indo-Iranian", -- iir in IANA is Indo-Iranian Languages
["inc-x-mitanni"] = "Mitanni-Aryan", -- inc in IANA is Indic languages
["inc-x-proto"] = "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
["ine-x-anatolia"] = "Anatolian languages",
["ine-x-proto"] = "Proto-Indo-European",
["ira-x-proto"] = "Proto-Iranian", -- ira in IANA is Iranian languages
["itc-x-proto"] = "Proto-Italic", -- itc in IANA is Italic languages
["ksh-x-colog"] = "Colognian", -- en.wiki article is Colognian; ksh (Kölsch) redirects there
["la-x-church"] = "Ecclesiastical Latin",
["la-x-classic"] = "Classical Latin",
["la-x-late"] = "Late Latin",
["la-x-medieval"] = "Medieval Latin",
["la-x-new"] = "New Latin",
["la-x-old"] = "Old Latin",
["la-x-ren"] = "Renaissance Latin",
["la-x-vulgar"] = "Vulgar Latin",
["lmo-x-berg"] = "Bergamasque", -- lmo in IANA is Lombard; Bergamasque is a dialect
["lmo-x-cremish"] = "Cremish", -- lmo in IANA is Lombard; Cremish is a dialect
["lmo-x-milanese"] = "Milanese", -- lmo in IANA is Lombard; Milanese is a dialect
["mis-x-ripuar"] = "Ripuarian", -- replaces improper use of ksh in wp_languages
["prg-x-old"] = "Old Prussian",
["roa-x-proto"] = "Proto-Romance",
["sem-x-ammonite"] = "Ammonite",
["sem-x-aramaic"] = "Aramaic",
["sem-x-canaan"] = "Canaanite languages",
["sem-x-dadanit"] = "Dadanitic",
["sem-x-dumaitic"] = "Dumaitic",
["sem-x-egurage"] = "Eastern Gurage",
["sem-x-hasaitic"] = "Hasaitic",
["sem-x-hatran"] = "Hatran Aramaic",
["sem-x-hismaic"] = "Hismaic",
["sem-x-nabat"] = "Nabataean Aramaic",
["sem-x-oldsoara"] = "Old South Arabian",
["sem-x-palmyren"] = "Palmyrene Aramaic",
["sem-x-proto"] = "Proto-Semitic",
["sem-x-taymanit"] = "Taymanitic",
["smi-x-proto"] = "Proto-Samic", -- smi in IANA is Samic languages
["sla-x-proto"] = "Proto-Slavic", -- sla in IANA is Slavic languages
["sq-x-proto"] = "Proto-Albanian",
["trk-x-oldanat"] = "Old Anatolian Turkish", -- to replace {{Lang-1ca}}
["urj-x-proto"] = "Proto-Uralic", -- urj in IANA is Uralic languages
["yuf-x-hav"] = "Havasupai", -- IANA name for these three is Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai
["yuf-x-wal"] = "Walapai",
["yuf-x-yav"] = "Yavapai",
["xsa-x-himyarit"] = "Himyaritic",
["xsc-x-pontic"] = "Pontic Scythian", -- xsc in IANA is Scythian
["xsc-x-saka"] = "Saka",
["xsc-x-sarmat"] = "Sarmatian",
["zle-x-ruthenia"] = "Ruthenian", -- zle in IANA is East Slavic languages collective; moved to allow rsk for Pannonian Rusyn
}

--[[--------------------------< A R T I C L E _ L I N K >------------------------------------------------------

for those rare occasions when article titles don't fit with the normal '<language name> language', this table
maps language code to article title. Use of this table should be avoided and the use of redirects preferred as
that is the long-standing method of handling article names that don't fit with the normal pattern

]]

local article_name = {
['aru'] = "Arawá language", -- Aruá (Amazonas State); to avoid Aruá dab page
['arx'] = "Aruá language (Rondônia)", -- Aruá (Rodonia State) overridden to Aruá (Rondonia State); to avoid Aruá dab page
['kue'] = "Kuman language (New Guinea)", -- Kuman (Papua New Guinea); to avoid Kuman dab page
["lij-mc"] = "Monégasque dialect", -- Ligurian as spoken in Monaco
['mbo'] = "Mbo language (Cameroon)", -- Mbo (Cameroon)
['mnh'] = "Mono language (Congo)", -- Mono (Democratic Republic of Congo); see Template_talk:Lang#Mono_languages
['mnr'] = "Mono language (California)", -- Mono (USA)
['mru'] = "Mono language (Cameroon)", -- Mono (Cameroon)
["snq"] = "Sangu language (Gabon)", -- Sangu (Gabon)
["toi"] = "Tonga language (Zambia and Zimbabwe)", -- Tonga (Zambia and Zimbabwe); to avoid Tonga language dab page
["vwa"] = "Awa language (China)", -- Awa (China); to avoid Awa dab page
["xlg"] = "Ligurian language (ancient)", -- see Template_talk:Lang#Ligurian_dab
["zmw"] = "Mbo language (Congo)", -- Mbo (Democratic Republic of Congo)
}

--[=[-------------------------< R T L _ S C R I P T S >--------------------------------------------------------

ISO 15924 scripts that are written right-to-left. Data in this table taken from [[ISO 15924#List of codes]]

last update to this list: 2017-12-24

]=]

local rtl_scripts = {
'adlm', 'arab', 'aran', 'armi', 'avst', 'cprt', 'egyd', 'egyh', 'hatr', 'hebr',
'hung', 'inds', 'khar', 'lydi', 'mand', 'mani', 'mend', 'merc', 'mero', 'narb',
'nbat', 'nkoo', 'orkh', 'palm', 'phli', 'phlp', 'phlv', 'phnx', 'prti', 'rohg',
'samr', 'sarb', 'sogd', 'sogo', 'syrc', 'syre', 'syrj', 'syrn', 'thaa', 'wole',
};

--[[--------------------------< T R A N S L I T _ T I T L E S >------------------------------------------------

This is a table of tables of transliteration standards and the language codes or language scripts that apply to
those standards. This table is used to create the tool-tip text associated with the transliterated text displayed
by some of the {{lang-??}} templates.

These tables are more-or-less copied directly from {{special|PermaLink/680078354}}. The standard 'NO_STD' is a construct to allow for
the cases when no |std= parameter value is provided.

]]

local translit_title_table = {
['abkai'] = { -- Manchu romanization
['default'] = 'Abkai system of romanization',
},

['ahl'] = {
['default'] = 'Academy of the Hebrew Language transliteration',
},

['ala'] = {
['default'] = 'American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration',
},

['ala-lc'] = {
['default'] = 'American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration',
},

['batr'] = {
['default'] = 'Bikdash Arabic Transliteration Rules',
},

['bgn/pcgn'] = {
['default'] = 'Board on Geographic Names / Permanent Committee on Geographical Names transliteration',
},

['din'] = {
['ar'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic',
['fa'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic',
['ku'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic',
['ps'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic',
['tg'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic',
['ug'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic',
['ur'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic',
['arab'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic',

['default'] = 'DIN transliteration',
},

['eae'] = {
['default'] = 'Encyclopaedia Aethiopica transliteration',
},

['hepburn'] = {
['default'] = 'Hepburn transliteration',
},

['hu'] = { -- Manchu romanization
['default'] = 'Hu system of romanization',
},

['hunterian'] = {
['default'] = 'Hunterian transliteration',
},

['iast'] = {
['default'] = 'International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration',
},

['iso'] = { -- when a transliteration standard is supplied
['ab'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
['ba'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
['be'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
['bg'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
['kk'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
['ky'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
['mn'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
['ru'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
['tg'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
['uk'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
['bua'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
['sah'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
['tut'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
['xal'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
['cyrl'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
['cyrs'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',

['ar'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic',
['ku'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic',
['ps'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic',
['ug'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic',
['ur'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic',
['arab'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic',

['he'] = 'ISO 259 Hebrew',
['yi'] = 'ISO 259 Hebrew',
['hebr'] = 'ISO 259 Hebrew',

['el'] = 'ISO 843 Greek',
['grc'] = 'ISO 843 Greek',

['ja'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese',
['hira'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese',
['hrkt'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese',
['jpan'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese',
['kana'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese',

['zh'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese',
['chi'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese',
['cmn'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese',
['zho'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese',
-- ['han'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese', -- unicode alias of Hani? doesn't belong here? should be Hani?
['hans'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese',
['hant'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese',

['ka'] = 'ISO 9984 Georgian',
['kat'] = 'ISO 9984 Georgian',

['arm'] = 'ISO 9985 Armenian',
['hy'] = 'ISO 9985 Armenian',

['th'] = 'ISO 11940 Thai',
['tha'] = 'ISO 11940 Thai',

['ko'] = 'ISO 11941 Korean',
['kor'] = 'ISO 11941 Korean',

['awa'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['bho'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['bn'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['bra'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['doi'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['dra'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['gon'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['gu'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['hi'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['hno'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['inc'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['kn'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['kok'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['ks'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['mag'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['mai'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['ml'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['mr'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['ne'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['new'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['or'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['pa'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['pnb'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['raj'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['sa'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['sat'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['sd'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['si'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['skr'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['ta'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['tcy'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['te'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['beng'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['brah'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['deva'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['gujr'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['guru'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['knda'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['mlym'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['orya'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['sinh'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['taml'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
['telu'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',

['default'] = 'ISO transliteration',
},

['jyutping'] = {
['default'] = 'Jyutping transliteration',
},

['mdorff'] = { -- Manchu romanization
['default'] = 'Möllendorff system of romanization',
},

['mlcts'] = {
['default'] = 'Myanmar Language Commission Transcription System',
},

['mr'] = {
['default'] = 'McCune–Reischauer transliteration',
},

['nihon-shiki'] = {
['default'] = 'Nihon-shiki transliteration',
},

['no_std'] = { -- when no transliteration standard is supplied
['akk'] = 'Semitic transliteration',
['sem'] = 'Semitic transliteration',
['phnx'] = 'Semitic transliteration',
['xsux'] = 'Cuneiform transliteration',
},

['pinyin'] = {
['default'] = 'Pinyin transliteration',
},

['rr'] = {
['default'] = 'Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration',
},

['rtgs'] = {
['default'] = 'Royal Thai General System of Transcription',
},

['satts'] = {
['default'] = 'Standard Arabic Technical Transliteration System transliteration',
},

['scientific'] = {
['default'] = 'scientific transliteration',
},

['thdl'] = {
['default'] = 'THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription',
},

['ukrainian'] = {
['default'] = 'Ukrainian National system of romanization',
},

['ungegn'] = {
['default'] = 'United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names transliteration',
},

['wadegile'] = {
['default'] = 'Wade–Giles transliteration',
},

['wehr'] = {
['default'] = 'Hans Wehr transliteration',
},

['wylie'] = {
['default'] = 'Wylie transliteration',
},

['yaleko'] = {
['default'] = 'Yale romanization of Korean',
},

['zwpy'] = {
['default'] = 'Tibetan pinyin'
},
};

--[[--------------------------< E N G _ V A R >----------------------------------------------------------------

Used at en.wiki so that spelling of 'romanized' (US, default) can be changed to 'romanised' to match the envar
specified by a {{Use xxx English}}.

This is accomplished by setting |engvar=gb; can, should be omitted in articles that use American English; no
need for the clutter.

]]

local engvar_sel_t = { -- select either UK English or US English
['au'] = 'gb_t', -- these match IANA region codes (except in lower case)
['ca'] = 'us_t',
['gb'] = 'gb_t',
['ie'] = 'gb_t',
['in'] = 'gb_t',
['nz'] = 'gb_t',
['us'] = 'us_t', -- default engvar
['za'] = 'gb_t'
};

local engvar_t = {
['gb_t'] = {
['romanisz_lc'] = 'romanisation', -- lower case
['romanisz_uc'] = 'Romanisation', -- upper case
['romanisz_pt'] = 'romanised', -- past tense
},
['us_t'] = { -- default engvar
['romanisz_lc'] = 'romanization', -- lower case
['romanisz_uc'] = 'Romanization', -- upper case
['romanisz_pt'] = 'romanized', -- past tense
}
}

--[[--------------------------< E X P O R T S >----------------------------------------------------------------
]]

return
{
this_wiki_lang_tag = this_wiki_lang_tag,
this_wiki_lang_dir = lang_obj:getDir(), -- wiki's language direction

article_name = article_name,
engvar_t = engvar_t,
engvar_sel_t = engvar_sel_t,
lang_name_table = lang_name_table_t,
override = override,
rtl_scripts = rtl_scripts,
special_tags_table = special_tags_table,
translit_title_table = translit_title_table,
};

Module:Unicode data

2026-10-14T19:26:37Z

Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

local p = {}

local floor = math.floor

local function errorf(level, ...)
if type(level) == "number" then
return error(string.format(...), level + 1)
else -- level is actually the format string.
return error(string.format(level, ...), 2)
end
end

local function binary_range_search(codepoint, ranges)
local low, mid, high
low, high = 1, ranges.length or require "Module:TableTools".length(ranges)
while low <= high do
mid = floor((low + high) / 2)
local range = ranges[mid]
if codepoint < range[1] then
high = mid - 1
elseif codepoint <= range[2] then
return range, mid
else
low = mid + 1
end
end
return nil, mid
end
p.binary_range_search = binary_range_search

--[[
local function linear_range_search(codepoint, ranges)
for i, range in ipairs(ranges) do
if range[1] <= codepoint and codepoint <= range[2] then
return range
end
end
end
--]]

-- Load a module by indexing "loader" with the name of the module minus the
-- "Module:Unicode data/" part. For instance, loader.blocks returns
-- [[Module:Unicode data/blocks]]. If a module cannot be loaded, false will be
-- returned.
local loader = setmetatable({}, {
__index = function (self, key)
local success, data = pcall(mw.loadData, "Module:Unicode data/" .. key)
if not success then
data = false
end
self[key] = data
return data
end
})

-- For the algorithm used to generate Hangul Syllable names,
-- see "Hangul Syllable Name Generation" in section 3.12 of the
-- Unicode Specification:
-- https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch03.pdf
-- binary_range_search assumes these are ordered by codepoint. Do not place them in a random order!
local name_hooks = {
{ 0x00, 0x1F, "<control-%04X>" }, -- C0 control characters
{ 0x7F, 0x9F, "<control-%04X>" }, -- DEL and C1 control characters
{ 0x3400, 0x4DBF, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension A
{ 0x4E00, 0x9FFF, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph
{ 0xAC00, 0xD7A3, function (codepoint) -- Hangul Syllables
local Hangul_data = loader.Hangul
local syllable_index = codepoint - 0xAC00

return ("HANGUL SYLLABLE %s%s%s"):format(
Hangul_data.leads[floor(syllable_index / Hangul_data.final_count)],
Hangul_data.vowels[floor((syllable_index % Hangul_data.final_count)
/ Hangul_data.trail_count)],
Hangul_data.trails[syllable_index % Hangul_data.trail_count]
)
end },
-- High Surrogates, High Private Use Surrogates, Low Surrogates
{ 0xD800, 0xDFFF, "<surrogate-%04X>" },
{ 0xE000, 0xF8FF, "<private-use-%04X>" }, -- Private Use

-- CJK Compatibility Ideographs
{ 0xF900, 0xFA6D, "CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X" },
{ 0xFA70, 0xFAD9, "CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X" },
{ 0xFE00, 0xFE0F, function (codepoint) -- Variation Selectors
return ("VARIATION SELECTOR-%d"):format(codepoint - 0xFE00 + 1)
end},
{ 0x13460, 0x143FA, "EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH-%04X" }, -- Egyptian Hieroglyphs Extended-A
{ 0x17000, 0x187FF, "TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- Tangut Ideograph
{ 0x18800, 0x18AFF, function (codepoint)
return ("TANGUT COMPONENT-%03d"):format(codepoint - 0x187FF)
end },
{ 0x18B00, 0x18CDA, "KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-%04X" }, -- Khitan Small Script
{ 0x18CFF, 0x18CFF, "KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-%04X" }, -- Khitan Small Script
{ 0x18D00, 0x18D20, "TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- Tangut Ideograph Supplement
{ 0x18D80, 0x18DF2, function (codepoint)
return ("TANGUT COMPONENT-%03d"):format(codepoint - 0x18A7F)
end },
{ 0x18E00, 0x19191, "JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- Jurchen
{ 0x1B170, 0x1B2FB, "NUSHU CHARACTER-%04X" }, -- Nushu
{ 0x20000, 0x2A6DF, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension B
{ 0x2A700, 0x2B81E, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension C, D
{ 0x2B820, 0x2CEAD, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension E
{ 0x2CEB0, 0x2EBE0, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension F
{ 0x2EBF0, 0x2EE5D, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension I
{ 0x2F800, 0x2FA1D, "CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement (Supplementary Ideographic Plane)
{ 0x30000, 0x3134A, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension G
{ 0x31350, 0x33479, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension H, J
{ 0x3D000, 0x3FC3F, "SMALL SEAL CHARACTER-%04X" }, -- Seal
{ 0xE0100, 0xE01EF, function (codepoint) -- Variation Selectors Supplement
return ("VARIATION SELECTOR-%d"):format(codepoint - 0xE0100 + 17)
end},
{ 0xF0000, 0xFFFFD, "<private-use-%04X>" }, -- Plane 15 Private Use
{ 0x100000, 0x10FFFD, "<private-use-%04X>" } -- Plane 16 Private Use
}
name_hooks.length = #name_hooks

local name_range_cache

local function generate_name(data, codepoint)
if type(data) == "string" then
return data:format(codepoint)
else
return data(codepoint)
end
end

--[[
-- Checks that the code point is a number and in range.
-- Does not check whether code point is an integer.
-- Not used
local function check_codepoint(funcName, argIdx, val)
require 'libraryUtil'.checkType(funcName, argIdx, val, 'number')
if codepoint < 0 or 0x10FFFF < codepoint then
errorf("Codepoint %04X out of range", codepoint)
end
end
--]]

function p.is_noncharacter(codepoint)
-- U+FDD0-U+FDEF and all code points ending in FFFE or FFFF are Unassigned
-- (Cn) and specifically noncharacters:

-- https://www.unicode.org/faq/private_use.html#nonchar4
return 0xFDD0 <= codepoint and (codepoint <= 0xFDEF
or floor(codepoint % 0x10000) >= 0xFFFE)
end

-- https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch04.pdf, section 4.8
function p.lookup_name(codepoint)
if p.is_noncharacter(codepoint) then
return ("<noncharacter-%04X>"):format(codepoint)
end

if name_range_cache -- Check if previously used "name hook" applies to this code point.
and codepoint >= name_range_cache[1]
and codepoint <= name_range_cache[2] then
return generate_name(name_range_cache[3], codepoint)
end

local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, name_hooks)
if range then
name_range_cache = range
return generate_name(range[3], codepoint)
end

local data = loader[('names/%03X'):format(codepoint / 0x1000)]

if data and data[codepoint] then
return data[codepoint]

-- Unassigned (Cn) consists of noncharacters and reserved characters.
-- The character has been established not to be a noncharacter,
-- and if it were assigned, its name would already been retrieved,
-- so it must be reserved.
else
return ("<reserved-%04X>"):format(codepoint)
end
end

function p.lookup_image(codepoint)
local data = loader[('images/%03X'):format(codepoint / 0x1000)]

if data then
return data[codepoint]
end
end

local planes = {
[ 0] = "Basic Multilingual Plane";
[ 1] = "Supplementary Multilingual Plane";
[ 2] = "Supplementary Ideographic Plane";
[ 3] = "Tertiary Ideographic Plane";
[14] = "Supplementary Special-purpose Plane";
[15] = "Supplementary Private Use Area-A";
[16] = "Supplementary Private Use Area-B";
}

-- Load [[Module:Unicode data/blocks]] if needed and assign it to this variable.
local blocks

local function block_iter(blocks, i)
i = i + 1
local data = blocks[i]
if data then
-- Unpack doesn't work on tables loaded with mw.loadData.
return i, data[1], data[2], data[3]
end
end

-- An ipairs-type iterator generator for the list of blocks.
function p.enum_blocks()
local blocks = loader.blocks
return block_iter, blocks, 0
end

function p.lookup_plane(codepoint)
local i = floor(codepoint / 0x10000)
return planes[i] or ("Plane %u"):format(i)
end

function p.lookup_block(codepoint)
local blocks = loader.blocks
local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, blocks)
if range then
return range[3]
else
return "No Block"
end
end

function p.get_block_info(name)
for i, block in ipairs(loader.blocks) do
if block[3] == name then
return block
end
end
end

function p.is_valid_pagename(pagename)
local has_nonws = false

for cp in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(pagename) do
if (cp == 0x0023) -- #
or (cp == 0x005B) -- [
or (cp == 0x005D) -- ]
or (cp == 0x007B) -- {
or (cp == 0x007C) -- |
or (cp == 0x007D) -- }
or (cp == 0x180E) -- MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR
or ((cp >= 0x2000) and (cp <= 0x200A)) -- spaces in General Punctuation block
or (cp == 0xFFFD) -- REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
then
return false
end

local printable, result = p.is_printable(cp)
if not printable then
return false
end

if result ~= "space-separator" then
has_nonws = true
end
end

return has_nonws
end

local function manual_unpack(what, from)
if what[from + 1] == nil then
return what[from]
end

local result = {}
from = from or 1
for i, item in ipairs(what) do
if i >= from then
table.insert(result, item)
end
end
return unpack(result)
end

local function compare_ranges(range1, range2)
return range1[1] < range2[1]
end

-- Creates a function to look up data in a module that contains "singles" (a
-- code point-to-data map) and "ranges" (an array containing arrays that contain
-- the low and high code points of a range and the data associated with that
-- range).
-- "loader" loads and returns the "singles" and "ranges" tables.
-- "match_func" is passed the code point and either the data or the "dots", and
-- generates the final result of the function.
-- The varargs ("dots") describes the default data to be returned if there wasn't
-- a match.
-- In case the function is used more than once, "cache" saves ranges that have
-- already been found to match, or a range whose data is the default if there
-- was no match.
local function memo_lookup(data_module_subpage, match_func, ...)
local dots = { ... }
local cache = {}
local singles, ranges

return function (codepoint)
if not singles then
local data_module = loader[data_module_subpage]
singles, ranges = data_module.singles, data_module.ranges
end

if singles[codepoint] then
return match_func(codepoint, singles[codepoint])
end

local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, cache)
if range then
return match_func(codepoint, manual_unpack(range, 3))
end

local range, index = binary_range_search(codepoint, ranges)
if range then
table.insert(cache, range)
table.sort(cache, compare_ranges)
return match_func(codepoint, manual_unpack(range, 3))
end

if ranges[index] then
local dots_range
if codepoint > ranges[index][2] then
dots_range = {
ranges[index][2] + 1,
ranges[index + 1] and ranges[index + 1][1] - 1 or 0x10FFFF,
unpack(dots)
}
else -- codepoint < range[index][1]
dots_range = {
ranges[index - 1] and ranges[index - 1][2] + 1 or 0,
ranges[index][1] - 1,
unpack(dots)
}
end
table.sort(cache, compare_ranges)
end

return match_func(codepoint)
end
end

-- Get a code point's combining class value in [[Module:Unicode data/combining]],
-- and return whether this value is not zero. Zero is assigned as the default
-- if the combining class value is not found in this data module.
-- That is, return true if character is combining, or false if it is not.
-- See https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/#Canonical_Combining_Class_Values for
-- more information.
p.is_combining = memo_lookup(
"combining",
function (codepoint, combining_class)
return combining_class and combining_class ~= 0 or false
end,
0)

function p.add_dotted_circle(str)
return (mw.ustring.gsub(str, ".",
function(char)
if p.is_combining(mw.ustring.codepoint(char)) then
return '◌' .. char
end
end))
end

local lookup_control = memo_lookup(
"control",
function (codepoint, ccc)
return ccc or "assigned"
end,
"assigned")
p.lookup_control = lookup_control

function p.is_assigned(codepoint)
return lookup_control(codepoint) ~= "unassigned"
end

function p.is_printable(codepoint)
local result = lookup_control(codepoint)
return (result == "assigned") or (result == "space-separator"), result
end

function p.is_whitespace(codepoint)
local result = lookup_control(codepoint)
return (result == "space-separator"), result
end

p.lookup_category = memo_lookup(
"category",
function (codepoint, category)
return category
end,
"Cn")

local lookup_script = memo_lookup(
"scripts",
function (codepoint, script_code)
return script_code or 'Zzzz'
end,
"Zzzz")
p.lookup_script = lookup_script

function p.get_best_script(str)
-- Check type of argument, because mw.text.decode coerces numbers to strings!
require "libraryUtil".checkType("get_best_script", 1, str, "string")

-- Convert HTML character references (including named character references,
-- or character entities) to characters.
str = mw.text.decode(str, true)

local scripts = {}
for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do
local script = lookup_script(codepoint)

-- Ignore "Inherited", "Undetermined", or "Uncoded" scripts.
if not (script == "Zyyy" or script == "Zinh" or script == "Zzzz") then
scripts[script] = true
end
end

-- If scripts does not contain two or more keys,
-- return first and only key (script code) in table.
if not next(scripts, next(scripts)) then
return next(scripts)
end -- else return majority script, or else "Zzzz"?
end

function p.is_Latin(str)
require "libraryUtil".checkType("get_best_script", 1, str, "string")
str = mw.text.decode(str, true)

-- Search for the leading bytes that introduce the UTF-8 encoding of the
-- code points U+0340-U+10FFFF. If they are not found and there is at least
-- one Latin-script character, the string counts as Latin, because the rest
-- of the characters can only be Zyyy, Zinh, and Zzzz.
-- The only scripts found below U+0370 (the first code point of the Greek
-- and Coptic block) are Latn, Zyyy, Zinh, and Zzzz.
-- See the codepage in the [[UTF-8]] article.
if not str:find "[\205-\244]" then
for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do
if lookup_script(codepoint) == "Latn" then
return true
end
end
end

local Latn = false
local i = 0; -- indexer for use in error messages

for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do
i = i + 1; -- bump the indexer
local script = lookup_script(codepoint)

if script == "Latn" then
Latn = true
elseif not (script == "Zyyy" or script == "Zinh"
or script == "Zzzz") then
return false, i -- abandon as not Latn; identify the offending character's position
end
end

return Latn, (not Latn and i) or nil -- when <Latn> false, return offending charactor's position as second return value; nil else
end

-- Checks that a string contains only characters belonging to right-to-left
-- scripts, or characters of ignorable scripts.
function p.is_rtl(str)
require "libraryUtil".checkType("get_best_script", 1, str, "string")
str = mw.text.decode(str, true)

-- Search for the leading bytes that introduce the UTF-8 encoding of the
-- code points U+0580-U+10FFFF. If they are not found, the string can only
-- have characters from a left-to-right script, because the first code point
-- in a right-to-left script is U+0591, in the Hebrew block.
if not str:find "[\214-\244]" then
return false
end

local result = false
local rtl = loader.scripts.rtl
for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do
local script = lookup_script(codepoint)

if rtl[script] then
result = true
elseif not (script == "Zyyy" or script == "Zinh"
or script == "Zzzz") then
return false
end
end

return result
end

--[[--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

external entry from an {{#invoke:}} to determine if a string of text is rtl. Strips html and html-like tags so
that those tags don't corrupt the is-rtl-is-not-rtl determination; this added for the cases where the rtl text
has tags.

]]

function p.is_rtl_frame (frame)
local str = frame.args[1]; -- get the string from the {{#invoke:}} frame
str = str:gsub ('%b<>', ''); -- strip any html and html-like tags
return p.is_rtl (str); -- return if whatever remains rtl; false else
end

local function get_codepoint(args, arg)
local codepoint_string = args[arg]
or errorf(2, "Parameter %s is required", tostring(arg))
local codepoint = tonumber(codepoint_string, 16)
or errorf(2, "Parameter %s is not a code point in hexadecimal base",
tostring(arg))
if not (0 <= codepoint and codepoint <= 0x10FFFF) then
errorf(2, "code point in parameter %s out of range", tostring(arg))
end
return codepoint
end

local function get_func(args, arg, prefix)
local suffix = args[arg]
or errorf(2, "Parameter %s is required", tostring(arg))
suffix = mw.text.trim(suffix)
local func_name = prefix .. suffix
local func = p[func_name]
or errorf(2, "There is no function '%s'", func_name)
return func
end

-- This function allows any of the "lookup" functions to be invoked. The first
-- parameter is the word after "lookup_"; the second parameter is the code point
-- in hexadecimal base.
function p.lookup(frame)
local func = get_func(frame.args, 1, "lookup_")
local codepoint = get_codepoint(frame.args, 2)
local result = func(codepoint)
if func == p.lookup_name then
-- Prevent code point labels such as <control-0000> from being
-- interpreted as HTML tags.
result = result:gsub("<", "<")
end
return result
end

function p.is(frame)
local func = get_func(frame.args, 1, "is_")

-- is_Latin and is_valid_pagename take strings.
if func == p.is_Latin or func == p.is_valid_pagename or func == p.is_rtl then
return (func(frame.args[2]))
else -- The rest take code points.
local codepoint = get_codepoint(frame.args, 2)
return (func(codepoint)) -- Adjust to one result.
end
end

function p.lookup_kCantonese(codepoint)
local data = loader[('Unihan/kCantonese/%02X'):format(floor(codepoint / 0x1000))]
if data then
return data[codepoint]
end
end

return p

Module:Lang

2026-10-14T19:26:37Z

Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

--[=[

Lua support for the {{lang}}, {{langx}}, {{lang-??}}, and {{transliteration}} templates and replacement of various supporting templates.

]=]

require('strict');

local getArgs = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs;
local unicode = require ("Module:Unicode data"); -- for is_Latin() and is_rtl()
local yesno = require ('Module:Yesno');

local sandbox = (mw.getCurrentFrame():getTitle():match ('/sandbox') or ''); -- when called from a sandbox template or module load sandbox data and sandbox configuration

local lang_data = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/data' .. sandbox); -- language name override and transliteration tool-tip tables
local lang_name_table = lang_data.lang_name_table; -- language codes, names, regions, scripts, suppressed scripts
local lang_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.lang;
local lang_dep_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.lang_dep;
local script_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.script;
local region_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.region;
local variant_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.variant;
local suppressed_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.suppressed;
local override_table = lang_data.override;

local synonym_table = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms'); -- ISO 639-2/639-2T code translation to 639-1 code

local cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/configuration' .. sandbox); -- for internationalization

local is_latn_data = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/data/is latn data');
local sizeof_ranges_t = is_latn_data.sizeof_ranges_t;

local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace; -- used for categorization

local content_lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage();
local this_wiki_lang_tag = content_lang.code; -- get this wiki's language tag
local this_wiki_lang_dir = content_lang:getDir(); -- get this wiki's language direction

local initial_style_state; -- set by lang_xx_normal() and lang_xx_italic()

local maint_cats = {}; -- maintenance categories go here
local maint_msgs = {}; -- and their messages go here

--[[--------------------------< M A K E _ E R R O R _ S P A N >--------------------------------------------------

]]

local function make_error_span (template, msg)
return table.concat ({'', cfg.misc_text_t.error, ': ', template, msg, ''})
end

--[[--------------------------< S U B S T I T U T E >----------------------------------------------------------

Substitutes $1, $2, etc in <message> with data from <data_t>. Returns plain-text substituted string when
<data_t> not nil; returns <message> else.

]]

local function substitute (message, data_t)
return data_t and mw.message.newRawMessage (message, data_t):plain() or message;
end

--[[--------------------------< M A K E _ E R R O R _ M S G >--------------------------------------------------

Assembles an error message from template name, message text, help link, and error category.

]]

local function make_error_msg (msg, args_t, template)
local category;
local text; -- handle the oddity that is {{langx}}
if cfg.templates_t.langxx == template then
text = args_t.text or args_t[1]; -- for {{lang-xx}}
else
text = args_t.text or args_t[2]; -- for {{lang}}, {{langx}}, and {{transliteration}}
end

if cfg.templates_t.transliteration == template then
category = cfg.make_error_msg_t.xlit_err_cat;
else
category = cfg.make_error_msg_t.lang_err_cat;
end

local category_link = ((0 == namespace or 10 == namespace) and not args_t.nocat) and substitute ('[[Category:$1]]', {category}) or '';
return substitute ('[$1] $2: {{$3}}: $4 ([[:Category:$5|$6]])$7', -- { prevents template name from being treated as a template call in certain situations
{
text or cfg.make_error_msg_t.undefined,
cfg.misc_text_t.error,
template,
msg,
category,
cfg.misc_text_t.help,
category_link
})
end

--[[--------------------------------------------------------------------

]]

local function parameter_validate (args_t, template)
local err_msg = cfg.parameter_validate_t.invalid_param;

if cfg.templates_t.lang == template then -- for {{lang}}
for param, _ in pairs (args_t) do
if not cfg.known_params_t.params_lang_t[param] and -- unique {{lang}} parameters
not cfg.known_params_t.common_params_all_t[param] then -- common to all
return substitute (err_msg, {param}); -- <param> not found so abandon
end
end
elseif cfg.templates_t.langx == template then -- for {{langx}}
for param, _ in pairs (args_t) do
if not cfg.known_params_t.params_langx_t[param] and -- unique {{langx}} parameters
not cfg.known_params_t.params_x_t[param] and -- common to {{langx}} and {{lang-xx}}
not cfg.known_params_t.common_params_all_t[param] then -- common to all
return substitute (err_msg, {param}); -- <param> not found so abandon
end
end
elseif cfg.templates_t.langxx == template then -- for {{lang-xx}}
for param, _ in pairs (args_t) do
if not cfg.known_params_t.params_lang_xx_t[param] and -- unique {{lang-xx}} parameters
not cfg.known_params_t.params_x_t[param] and -- common to {{langx}} and {{lang-xx}}
not cfg.known_params_t.common_params_all_t[param] then -- common to all
return substitute (err_msg, {param}); -- <param> not found so abandon
end
end
end
end

--[[--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Returns true if argument is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not
an empty string.

]]

local function is_set (var)
return not (var == nil or var == '');
end

--[[---------------------------------------------------------------------------

This function attempts to invert the italic markup a args.text by adding/removing leading/trailing italic markup
in args.text. Like |italic=unset, |italic=invert disables automatic italic markup. Individual leading/trailing
apostrophes are converted to their HTML numeric entity equivalent so that the new italic markup doesn't become
bold markup inadvertently.

Leading and trailing wiki markup is extracted from args.text into separate table elements. Addition, removal,
replacement of wiki markup is handled by a string.gsub() replacement table operating only on these separate elements.
In the string.gsub() matching pattern, '.*' matches empty string as well as the three expected wiki markup patterns.

This function expects that markup in args.text is complete and correct; if it is not, oddness may result.

]]

local function invert_italics (source)
local invert_pattern_table = { -- leading/trailing markup add/remove/replace patterns
[""]="\'\'", -- empty string becomes italic markup
["\'\'"]="", -- italic markup becomes empty string
["\'\'\'"]="\'\'\'\'\'", -- bold becomes bold italic
["\'\'\'\'\'"]="\'\'\'", -- bold italic become bold
};
local seg = {};

source = source:gsub ("%f[\']\'%f[^\']", '''); -- protect single quote marks from being interpreted as bold markup

seg[1] = source:match ('^(\'\'+%f[^\']).+') or ''; -- get leading markup, if any; ignore single quote
seg[3] = source:match ('.+(%f[\']\'\'+)$') or ''; -- get trailing markup, if any; ignore single quote

if '' ~= seg[1] and '' ~= seg[3] then -- extract the 'text'
seg[2] = source:match ('^\'\'+%f[^\'](.+)%f[\']\'\'+$') -- from between leading and trailing markup
elseif '' ~= seg[1] then
seg[2] = source:match ('^\'\'+%f[^\'](.+)') -- following leading markup
elseif '' ~= seg[3] then
seg[2] = source:match ('(.+)%f[\']\'\'+$') -- preceding trailing markup
else
seg[2] = source -- when there is no markup
end

seg[1] = invert_pattern_table[seg[1]] or seg[1]; -- replace leading markup according to pattern table
seg[3] = invert_pattern_table[seg[3]] or seg[3]; -- replace leading markup according to pattern table

return table.concat (seg); -- put it all back together and done
end

--[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ I T A L I C >------------------------------------------------

Validates |italic= or |italics= assigned values.

When |italic= is set and has an acceptable assigned value, return the matching CSS font-style property value or,
for the special case 'default', return nil.

When |italic= is not set, or has an unacceptable assigned value, return nil and a nil error message.

When both |italic= and |italics= are set, returns nil and a 'conflicting' error message.

The return value nil causes the calling lang, lang_xx, or xlit function to set args.italic according to the template's
defined default ('inherit' for {{lang}}, 'inherit' or 'italic' for {{lang-??}} depending on
the individual template's requirements, 'italic' for {{transliteration}}) or to the value appropriate to |script=, if set ({{lang}}
and {{lang-??}} only).

Accepted values and the values that this function returns are are:
nil - when |italic= absent or not set; returns nil
default - for completeness, should rarely if ever be used; returns nil
yes - force args.text to be rendered in italic font; returns 'italic'
no - force args.text to be rendered in normal font; returns 'normal'
unset - disables font control so that font-style applied to text is dictated by markup inside or outside the template; returns 'inherit'
invert - disables font control so that font-style applied to text is dictated by markup outside or inverted inside the template; returns 'invert'

]]

local function validate_italic (args)
local properties = {[cfg.keywords_t.affirmative] = 'italic', [cfg.keywords_t.negative] = 'normal', [cfg.keywords_t.unset] = 'inherit', [cfg.keywords_t.invert] = 'invert', [cfg.keywords_t.default] = nil};

local italic, count = nil, 0
for _, param in pairs {'italic', 'italics', 'i'} do
local arg = args[param]
if nil ~= arg then
if nil == italic then
italic = arg
end
count = count + 1
end
end

if count > 1 then -- return an error message if more than one is set
return cfg.validate_italic_t.multi_italic;
end

args.style = properties[italic] -- set args.style to an appropriate value
args.italic = italic; -- use args.italic as the canonical parameter

return nil; -- return a nil error message
end

--[=[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ C A T _ A R G S >----------------------------------------------------------

Default behavior of the {{lang}} and {{lang-??}} templates is to add categorization when the templates are used in main space.
This default functionality may be suppressed by setting |nocat=yes or |cat=no. This function selects one of these two parameters
to control categorization.

Because having two parameters with 'opposite' names and 'opposite' values is confusing, this function accepts only affirmative
values for |nocat= and only negative values for |cat=; in both cases the 'other' sense (and non-sense) is not accepted and the
parameter is treated as if it were not set in the template.

Sets args.nocat to true if categorization is to be turned off; to nil if the default behavior should apply.

Accepted values for |nocat= are the text strings:
'yes', 'y', 'true', 't', on, '1' -- [[Module:Yesno]] returns logical true for all of these; false or nil else
for |cat=
'no', 'n', 'false', 'f', 'off', '0' -- [[Module:Yesno]] returns logical false for all of these; true or nil else

]=]

local function validate_cat_args (args)
if not (args.nocat or args.cat) then -- both are nil, so categorize
return;
end

if false == yesno (args.cat) or true == yesno (args.nocat) then
args.nocat = true; -- set to true when args.nocat is affirmative; nil else (as if the parameter were not set in the template)
else -- args.nocat is the parameter actually used.
args.nocat = nil;
end
end

--[[----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Whether needle is in haystack.

]]

local function in_array (needle, haystack)
if needle == nil then
return false;
end
for n,v in ipairs (haystack) do
if v == needle then
return n;
end
end
return false;
end

--[[--------------------------< F O R M A T _ I E T F _ T A G >------------------------------------------------

Prettify IETF tags to use recommended subtag formats:
code: lower case
script: sentence case
region: upper case
variant: lower case
private: lower case prefixed with -x-

]]

local function format_ietf_tag (code, script, region, variant, private)
local out = {};

if is_set (private) then
return table.concat ({code:lower(), 'x', private:lower()}, '-'); -- if private, all other tags ignored
end

table.insert (out, code:lower());
if is_set (script) then
script = script:lower():gsub ('^%a', string.upper);
table.insert (out, script);
end

if is_set (region) then
table.insert (out, region:upper());
end

if is_set (variant) then
table.insert (out, variant:lower());
end

return table.concat (out, '-');
end

--[[--------------------------< G E T _ I E T F _ P A R T S >--------------------------------------------------

Extracts and returns IETF language tag parts:
primary language subtag (required) - 2 or 3 character IANA language code
script subtag - four character IANA script code
region subtag - two-letter or three digit IANA region code
variant subtag - four digit or 5-8 alnum variant code; only one variant subtag supported
private subtag - x- followed by 1-8 alnum private code; only supported with the primary language tag

in any one of these forms
lang lang-variant
lang-script lang-script-variant
lang-region lang-region-variant
lang-script-region lang-script-region-variant
lang-x-private

each of lang, script, region, variant, and private, when used, must be valid.

Languages with both two- and three-character code synonyms are promoted to the two-character synonym because
the IANA registry file omits the synonymous three-character code; we cannot depend on browsers understanding
the synonymous three-character codes in the lang= attribute.

For {{lang-??}} templates, the parameters |script=, |region=, and |variant= are supported (not supported in {{lang}}
because those parameters are superfluous to the IETF subtags in |code=).

Returns six values; all lower case. Valid parts are returned as themselves; omitted parts are returned as empty strings, invalid
parts are returned as nil; the sixth returned item is an error message (if an error detected) or nil.

See http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt section 2.1.

]]

local function get_ietf_parts (source, args_script, args_region, args_variant)
local code, script, region, variant, private; -- IETF tag parts

if not is_set (source) then
return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.missing_lang_tag;
end

local pattern = { -- table of tables holding acceptable IETF tag patterns and short names of the IETF part captured by the pattern
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 1 - ll-Ssss-RR-variant (where variant is 4 digits)
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 2 - ll-Ssss-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 4 digits)
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 3 - ll-Ssss-RR-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters)
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 4 - ll-Ssss-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 5-8 alnum characters)

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'v'}, -- 5 - ll-Ssss-variant (where variant is 4 digits)
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'v'}, -- 6 - ll-Ssss-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters)

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 7 - ll-RR-variant (where variant is 4 digits)
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 8 - ll-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 4 digits)
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 9 - ll-RR-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters)
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 10 - ll-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 5-8 alnum characters)

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'v'}, -- 11 - ll-variant (where variant is 4 digits)
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'v'}, -- 12 - ll-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters)

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)$', 's', 'r'}, -- 13 - ll-Ssss-RR
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r'}, -- 14 - ll-Ssss-DDD (region is 3 digits)

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)$', 's'}, -- 15 - ll-Ssss

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)$', 'r'}, -- 16 - ll-RR
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)$', 'r'}, -- 17 - ll-DDD (region is 3 digits)

{'^(%a%a%a?)$'}, -- 18 - ll

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-x%-(%w%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?)$', 'p'}, -- 19 - ll-x-pppppppp (private is 1-8 alnum characters)
}

local t = {}; -- table of captures; serves as a translator between captured IETF tag parts and named variables

for i, v in ipairs (pattern) do -- spin through the pattern table looking for a match
local c1, c2, c3, c4; -- captures in the 'pattern' from the pattern table go here

c1, c2, c3, c4 = source:match (pattern[i][1]); -- one or more captures set if source matches pattern[i])
if c1 then -- c1 always set on match
code = c1; -- first capture is always code
t = {
[pattern[i][2] or 'x'] = c2, -- fill the table of captures with the rest of the captures
[pattern[i][3] or 'x'] = c3, -- take index names from pattern table and assign sequential captures
[pattern[i][4] or 'x'] = c4, -- index name may be nil in pattern[i] table so "or 'x'" spoofs a name for this index in this table
};
script = t.s or ''; -- translate table contents to named variables;
region = t.r or ''; -- absent table entries are nil so set named IETF parts to empty string for concatenation
variant= t.v or '';
private = t.p or '';
break; -- and done
end
end

if not code then
return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_tag, {source}); -- don't know what we got but it is malformed
end

code = code:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this

if not (override_table[code] or lang_table[code] or synonym_table[code] or lang_dep_table[code]) then
return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_code, {code}); -- invalid language code, don't know about the others (don't care?)
end

if synonym_table[code] then -- if 639-2/639-2T code has a 639-1 synonym
table.insert (maint_cats, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.maint_promo_cat, {code}));
table.insert (maint_msgs, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.maint_promo_msg, {code, synonym_table[code]}));
code = synonym_table[code]; -- use the synonym
end

if is_set (script) then
if is_set (args_script) then
return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.redundant_scr; -- both code with script and |script= not allowed
end
else
script = args_script or ''; -- use args.script if provided
end

if is_set (script) then
script = script:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this
if not script_table[script] then
return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_scr_code, {script, code}); -- language code OK, invalid script, don't know about the others (don't care?)
end
end
if suppressed_table[script] then -- ensure that code-script does not use a suppressed script
if in_array (code, suppressed_table[script]) then
return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.script_code, {script, code}); -- language code OK, script is suppressed for this code
end
end

if is_set (region) then
if is_set (args_region) then
return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.redundant_reg; -- both code with region and |region= not allowed
end
else
region = args_region or ''; -- use args.region if provided
end

if is_set (region) then
region = region:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this
if not region_table[region] then
return code, script, nil, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_reg_code, {region, code});
end
end

if is_set (variant) then
if is_set (args_variant) then
return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.redundant_var; -- both code with variant and |variant= not allowed
end
else
variant = args_variant or ''; -- use args.variant if provided
end

if is_set (variant) then
variant = variant:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this
if not variant_table[variant] then -- make sure variant is valid
return code, script, region, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_var, {variant});
end -- does this duplicate/replace tests in lang() and lang_xx()?
if is_set (script) then -- if script set it must be part of the 'prefix'
if not in_array (table.concat ({code, '-', script}), variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then
return code, script, region, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_var_code_scr, {variant, code, script});
end
elseif is_set (region) then -- if region set, there are some prefixes that require lang code and region (en-CA-newfound)
if not in_array (code, variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then -- first see if lang code is all that's required (en-oxendict though en-GB-oxendict is preferred)
if not in_array (table.concat ({code, '-', region}), variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then -- now try for lang code and region (en-CA-newfound)
return code, script, region, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_var_code_reg, {variant, code, region});
end
end
else -- cheap way to determine if there are prefixes; fonipa and others don't have prefixes; # operator always returns 0
if variant_table[variant]['prefixes'][1] and not in_array (code, variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then
return code, script, region, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_var_code, {variant, code});
end
end
end

if is_set (private) then
private = private:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this
if not override_table[table.concat ({code, '-x-', private})] then -- make sure private tag is valid; note that index
return code, script, region, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_pri, {private});
end
end
return code, script, region, variant, private, nil; -- return the good bits; make sure that msg is nil
end

--[=[-------------------------< M A K E _ W I K I L I N K >----------------------------------------------------

Makes a wikilink; when both link and display text is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L|D]]; if only
link is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L]]; if neither are provided or link is omitted, returns an
empty string.

]=]

local function make_wikilink (link, display)
if is_set (link) then
if is_set (display) then
return table.concat ({'[[', link, '|', display, ']]'});
else
return table.concat ({'[[', link, ']]'});
end
else
return '';
end
end

--[[--------------------------< D I V _ M A R K U P _ A D D >--------------------------------------------------

Adds and tags to list-item text or to implied .. text. Mixed not supported.

]]

local function div_markup_add (text, style)
if text:find ('^\n[%*:;#]') then -- look for list markup; list markup must begin at start of text
if 'italic' == style then
return text:gsub ('(\n[%*:;#]+)([^\n]+)', '%1%2'); -- insert italic markup at each list item
else
return text;
end
end

if text:find ('\n+') then -- look for any number of \n characters in text
text = text:gsub ('([^\n])\n([^\n])', '%1 %2'); -- replace single newline characters with a space character which mimics MediaWiki

if 'italic' == style then
text = text:gsub('[^\n]+', '%1'); -- insert p and italic markup tags at each implied p (two or more consecutive '\n\n' sequences)
else
text = text:gsub ('[^\n]+', '%1'); -- insert p markup at each implied p
text = text:gsub ('\n', ''); -- strip newline characters
end
end

return text;
end

--[[--------------------------< T I T L E _ W R A P P E R _ M A K E >------------------------------------------

Makes a "><content_text> or <div title="<title text>"><content_text></div> where
<title text> is in the tool-tip in the wiki's local language and <content_text> is non-local-language text in
HTML markup. This because the lang= attribute applies to the content of its enclosing tag.

<tag> holds a string 'div' or 'span' used to choose the correct wrapping tag.

]]

local function title_wrapper_make (title_text, content_text, tag)
local wrapper_t = {};

table.insert (wrapper_t, table.concat ({'<', tag})); -- open opening wrapper tag
table.insert (wrapper_t, ' title=\"'); -- begin title attribute
table.insert (wrapper_t, title_text); -- add <title_text>
table.insert (wrapper_t, '\">'); -- end title attribute and close opening wrapper tag
table.insert (wrapper_t, content_text); -- add <content_text>
table.insert (wrapper_t, table.concat ({'</', tag, '>'})); -- add closing wrapper tag

return table.concat (wrapper_t); -- make a big string and done
end

--[[--------------------------< M A K E _ T E X T _ H T M L >--------------------------------------------------

Add the HTML markup to text according to the type of content that it is: or tags for inline content or
<div> tags for block content

The lang= attribute also applies to the content of the tag where it is placed so this is wrong because 'Spanish
language text' is English:
casa
should be:
casa
or for <div>...</div>:
<div title="Spanish language text"><div lang="es"><spanish-language-text></div></div>

]]

local function make_text_html (code, text, tag, rtl, style, size, language)
local html_t = {};
local style_added = '';
local wrapper_tag = tag; -- <tag> gets modified so save a copy for use when/if we create a wrapper span or div

if text:match ('^%*') then
table.insert (html_t, '*'); -- move proto language text prefix outside of italic markup if any; use numeric entity because plain splat confuses MediaWiki
text = text:gsub ('^%*', ''); -- remove the splat from the text
end

if 'span' == tag then -- default HTML tag for inline content
if 'italic' == style then -- but if italic
tag = 'i'; -- change to tags
end
else -- must be div so go
text = div_markup_add (text, style); -- handle implied , implied with , and list markup (*;:#) with 
end

table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({'<', tag})); -- open the , , or <div> HTML tag
code = code:gsub ('%-x%-.*', ''); -- strip private use subtag from code tag because meaningless outside of Wikipedia
table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({' lang="', code, '\"'})); -- add language attribute

if (rtl or unicode.is_rtl(text)) and ('ltr' == this_wiki_lang_dir) then -- text is right-to-left on a left-to-right wiki
table.insert (html_t, ' dir="rtl"'); -- add direction attribute for right-to-left languages
elseif not (rtl or unicode.is_rtl(text)) and ('rtl' == this_wiki_lang_dir) then -- text is left-to-right on a right-to-left wiki
table.insert (html_t, ' dir="ltr"'); -- add direction attribute for left-to-right languages
end

if 'normal' == style then -- when |italic=no
table.insert (html_t, ' style=\"font-style: normal;'); -- override external markup, if any
style_added = '\"'; -- remember that style attribute added and is not yet closed
end

if is_set (size) then -- when |size=<something>
if is_set (style_added) then
table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({' font-size: ', size, ';'})); -- add when style attribute already inserted
else
table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({' style=\"font-size: ', size, ';'})); -- create style attribute
style_added = '\"'; -- remember that style attribute added and is not yet closed
end
end

table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({style_added, '>'})); -- close the opening HTML tag
table.insert (html_t, text); -- insert the text

table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({'</', tag, '>'})); -- close the 'text' , , or <div> HTML tag

if is_set (language) then -- create a <title_text> string for the title= attribute in a wrapper span or div
local title_text;
if 'zxx' == code then -- special case for this tag 'no linguistic content'
title_text = substitute ('$1 $2', {language, cfg.make_text_html_t.zxx}); -- not a language so don't use 'language' in title text
elseif mw.ustring.find (language, 'languages', 1, true) then
title_text = substitute ('$1 $2', {language, cfg.make_text_html_t.collective}); -- for collective languages
else
title_text = substitute ('$1-$2', {language, cfg.make_text_html_t.individual}); -- for individual languages
end

return title_wrapper_make (title_text, table.concat (html_t), wrapper_tag);
else
return table.concat (html_t);
end
end

--[=[-------------------------< M A K E _ C A T E G O R Y >----------------------------------------------------

For individual language, <language>, returns:
[[Category:Articles containing <language>-language text]]

For English:
[[Category:Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text]]

For ISO 639-2 collective languages (and for 639-1 bh):
[[Category:Articles with text in <language> languages]]

]=]

local function make_category (code, language_name, nocat, name_get)
if ((0 ~= namespace) or nocat) and not name_get then -- only categorize in article space
return ''; -- return empty string for concatenation
end

if mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then
return substitute ('[[$1 $2]]', {cfg.make_category_t.collective_cat, language_name});
end

if this_wiki_lang_tag == code then
return substitute ('[[$1 $2 $3-$4]]', { -- unique category name for the local language
cfg.make_category_t.cat_prefix,
cfg.make_category_t.explicit_cat,
language_name,
cfg.make_category_t.cat_postfix,
});
else
return substitute ('[[$1 $2-$3]]', { -- category for individual languages
cfg.make_category_t.cat_prefix,
language_name,
cfg.make_category_t.cat_postfix,
});
end
end

--[[--------------------------< M A K E _ T R A N S L I T >----------------------------------------------------

Return translit ... where xx is the language code; else return empty string.

The value |script= is not used in {{transliteration}} for this purpose; instead it uses |code. Because language scripts
are listed in the {{transliteration}} switches they are included in the data tables. The script parameter is introduced
at {{Language with name and transliteration}}. If |script= is set, this function uses it in preference to code.

To avoid confusion, in this module and the templates that use it, the transliteration script parameter is renamed
to be |translit-script= (in this function, tscript).

This function is used by both lang_xx() and xlit()
lang_xx() always provides code, language_name, and translit; may provide tscript; never provides style
xlit() always provides language_name, translit, and one of code or tscript, never both; always provides style

For {{transliteration}}, style only applies when a language code is provided.

]]

local function make_translit (code, language_name, translit, std, tscript, style, engvar)
local title_t = lang_data.translit_title_table; -- table of transliteration standards and the language codes and scripts that apply to those standards
local title_text = ''; -- tool tip text for title= attribute

std = std and std:lower(); -- lower case for table indexing

if not is_set (std) and not is_set (tscript) then -- when neither standard nor script specified
title_text = language_name; -- write a generic tool tip
if not mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then -- collective language names (plural 'languages' is part of the name)
title_text = substitute ('$1-$2', {title_text, cfg.misc_text_t.language}); -- skip this text (individual and macro languages only)
end
title_text = substitute ('$1 $2', {title_text, mw.ustring.lower (cfg.engvar_t[engvar]['romanisz_lc'])}); -- finish the tool tip; use romanization when neither script nor standard supplied

elseif is_set (std) and is_set (tscript) then -- when both are specified
if title_t[std] then -- and if standard is legitimate
if title_t[std][tscript] then -- and if script for that standard is legitimate
if script_table[tscript] then
title_text = substitute ('$1$2 ($3 $4) $5', { -- add the appropriate text to the tool tip
title_text,
title_t[std][tscript:lower()],
script_table[tscript],
cfg.make_translit_t.script,
cfg.make_translit_t.transliteration,
});
else
title_text = title_text .. title_t[std]['default']; -- use the default if script not in std table; TODO: maint cat? error message because script not found for this standard?
end
else
title_text = title_text .. title_t[std]['default']; -- use the default if script not in std table; TODO: maint cat? error message because script not found for this standard?
end
else
return ''; -- invalid standard, setup for error message
end

elseif is_set (std) then -- translit-script not set, use language code
if not title_t[std] then return ''; end -- invalid standard, setup for error message

if title_t[std][code] then -- if language code is in the table (xlit may not provide a language code)
local fmt_str = '$1$2 ($3 $4) $5'; -- generic format string for tool tip
if language_name:match ('languages') then
fmt_str = '$1$2 ($3) $5'; -- format string for collective languages tool tip
end

title_text = substitute (fmt_str, { -- add the appropriate text to the tool tip
title_text,
title_t[std][code:lower()],
language_name,
cfg.misc_text_t.language,
cfg.make_translit_t.transliteration,
});
else -- code doesn't match
title_text = title_text .. title_t[std]['default']; -- so use the standard's default
end

else -- here if translit-script set but translit-std not set
if title_t['no_std'][tscript] then
title_text = title_text .. title_t['no_std'][tscript]; -- use translit-script if set
elseif title_t['no_std'][code] then
title_text = title_text .. title_t['no_std'][code]; -- use language code
else
if is_set (tscript) then
title_text = substitute ('$1$2-$3 $4', { -- write a script tool tip
title_text,
language_name,
cfg.make_translit_t.script,
cfg.make_translit_t.transliteration,
});

elseif is_set (code) then
if not mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then -- collective language names (plural 'languages' is part of the name)
title_text = substitute ('$1-$2', { -- skip this text (individual and macro languages only)
title_text,
cfg.misc_text_t.language,
});
end
title_text = substitute ('$1 $2', { -- finish the tool tip
title_text,
cfg.make_translit_t.transliteration,
});
else
title_text = substitute ('$1 $2', { -- generic tool tip (can we ever get here?)
title_text,
cfg.make_translit_t.transliteration,
});
end
end
end

local tag
if is_set (code) then -- when a language code is provided (always with {{lang-??}} templates, not always with {{transliteration}})
code = code:match ('^(%a%a%a?)'); -- strip all subtags leaving only the language subtag
if not style then -- nil for the default italic style
tag = '%s'
else
tag = '%s' -- non-standard style, construct a span tag for it
tag = string.format(tag, style, "%s", "%s")
end
tag = string.format(tag, code, "%s")
else
tag = '%s' -- when no language code: no lang= attribute, not italic ({{transliteration}} only)
end

tag = string.format(tag, translit) -- add the translit text
if '' == title_text then -- when there is no need for a tool-tip
return tag; -- done
else
title_text = cfg.engvar_sel_t.gb == engvar and title_text:gsub ('([Rr]omani)z', '%1s') or title_text; -- gb eng when engvar specifies gb eng; us eng else
return title_wrapper_make (title_text, tag, 'span'); -- wrap with a tool-tip span and done
end
end

--[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ T E X T >----------------------------------------------------

This function checks the content of args.text and returns empty string if nothing is amiss else it returns an
error message. The tests are for empty or missing text and for improper or disallowed use of apostrophe markup.

Italic rendering is controlled by the |italic= template parameter so italic markup should never appear in args.text
either as ''itself'' or as '''''bold italic''''' unless |italic=unset or |italic=invert.

]]

local function validate_text (template, args)
if not is_set (args.text) then
return make_error_msg (cfg.validate_text_t.no_text, args, template);
end

if args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'\'\'%f[^\']") or args.text:find ("\'\'\'\'\'[\']+") then -- because we're looking, look for 4 appostrophes or 6+ appostrophes
return make_error_msg (cfg.validate_text_t.malformed_markup, args, template);
end

local italic = args.italic;

if (cfg.keywords_t.unset ~= italic) and (cfg.keywords_t.invert ~= italic) then
if args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'%f[^\']") or args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'\'\'\'%f[^\']") then -- italic but not bold, or bold italic
return make_error_msg (cfg.validate_text_t.italic_markup, args, template);
end
end
end

--[[--------------------------< R E N D E R _ M A I N T >------------------------------------------------------

Render mainenance messages and categories.

]]

local function render_maint (nocat)
local maint = {};

if 0 < #maint_msgs then -- when there are maintenance messages
table.insert (maint, table.concat ({''})); -- opening tag
for _, msg in ipairs (maint_msgs) do
table.insert (maint, table.concat ({msg, ' '})); -- add message strings
end
table.insert (maint, ''); -- close the span
end

if (0 < #maint_cats) and (0 == namespace) and not nocat then -- when there are maintenance categories; article namespace only
for _, cat in ipairs (maint_cats) do
table.insert (maint, table.concat ({'[[Category:', cat, ']]'})); -- format and add the categories
end
end

return table.concat (maint);
end

--[[--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

For proto languages, text is prefixed with a splat. We do that here as a flag for make_text_html() so that a splat
will be rendered outside of italic markup (if used). If the first character in text here is already a splat, we
do nothing.

proto_param is boolean or nil; true adds splat prefix regardless of language name; false removes and inhibits
regardless of language name; nil does nothing; presumes that the value in text is correct but removes extra splac.

]]

local function proto_prefix (text, language_name, proto_param)
if false == proto_param then -- when forced by |proto=no
return text:gsub ('^%**', ''); -- return text without splat prefix regardless of language name or existing splat prefix in text
elseif (language_name:find ('^Proto%-') or (true == proto_param)) then -- language is a proto or forced by |proto=yes
return text:gsub ('^%**', '*'); -- prefix proto-language text with a splat; also removes duplicate prefixing splats
end

return text:gsub ('^%*+', '*'); -- return text unmolested except multiple splats reduced to one splat
end

--[[--------------------------< H A S _ P O E M _ T A G >------------------------------------------------------

Looks for a poem strip marker in text; returns true when found; false else.

Auto-italic detection disabled when text has poem stripmarker because it is not possible for this code to know
the content that will replace the stripmarker.

]]

local function has_poem_tag (text)
return text:find ('\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-poem%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127') and true or false;
end

--[[--------------------------< H T M L _ T A G _ S E L E C T >------------------------------------------------

Inspects content of and selectively trims text. Returns text and the name of an appropriate HTML tag for text.

If text contains:
\n\n text has implied .. tags - trim leading and trailing whitespace and return
If text begins with list markup:
\n* unordered
\n; definition
\n: definition
\n# ordered
trim all leading whitespace except \n and trim all trailing whitespace

If text contains <poem>...</poem> stripmarker, return text unmodified and choose <div>..</div> tags because
the stripmarker is replaced with text wrapped in <div>..</div> tags.

If the text contains any actual <div>...</div> tags, then it's again returned unmodified and <div>...</div>
tags are used to wrap it, to prevent div/span inversion.

]]

local function html_tag_select (text)
local tag;

if has_poem_tag (text) then -- contains poem stripmarker (we can't know the content of that)
tag = 'div'; -- poem replacement is in div tags so lang must use div tags
elseif text:find ('<div') then -- reductive; if the text contains a div tag, we must use div tags
tag = 'div';
elseif mw.text.trim (text):find ('\n\n+') then -- contains implied p tags
text = mw.text.trim (text); -- trim leading and trailing whitespace characters
tag = 'div'; -- must be div because span may not contain p tags (added later by MediaWiki); poem replacement is in div tags
elseif text:find ('\n[%*:;%#]') then -- if text has list markup
text = text:gsub ('^[\t\r\f ]*', ''):gsub ('%s*$', ''); -- trim all whitespace except leading newline character '\n'
tag = 'div'; -- must be div because span may not contain ul, dd, dl, ol tags (added later by MediaWiki)
else
text = mw.text.trim (text); -- plain text
tag = 'span'; -- so span is fine
end

return text, tag;
end

--[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ P R O T O >--------------------------------------------------

Validates value assigned to |proto=; permitted values are yes and no; yes returns as true, no returns as false,
empty string (or parameter omitted) returns as nil; any other value returns nil with <proto_param> as second
return value for use in error message.

]]

local function validate_proto (proto_param)
if cfg.keywords_t.affirmative == proto_param then
return true;
elseif cfg.keywords_t.negative == proto_param then
return false;
elseif is_set (proto_param) then
return nil, proto_param; -- |proto= something other than 'yes' or 'no'
else
return nil; -- missing or empty
end
end

--[[--------------------------< L A N G U A G E _ N A M E _ G E T >--------------------------------------------

Common function to return language name from the data set according to IETF tag.

Returns language name if found in data tables; nil else.

]]

local function language_name_get (ietf, code, cat)
ietf = ietf:lower(); -- ietf:lower() because format_ietf_tag() returns mixed case

local name; -- remains nil if not found

if override_table[ietf] then -- look for whole IETF tag in override table
name = override_table[ietf];
elseif override_table[code] then -- not there so try basic language tag
name = override_table[code];
elseif lang_table[code] then -- shift to IANA active tag/name table
name = lang_table[code];
elseif lang_dep_table[code] then -- try the IANA deprecated tag/name table
name = lang_dep_table[code];
end

if lang_dep_table[code] and cat then -- because deprecated code may have been overridden to en.wiki preferred name
table.insert (maint_cats, substitute (cfg.language_name_get_t.deprecated_cat, {code}));
table.insert (maint_msgs, substitute (cfg.language_name_get_t.deprecated_msg, {code}));
end

return name; -- name from data tables or nil
end

--[[--------------------------< T E X T _ S C R I P T _ M A T C H _ T E S T >----------------------------------

IETF script subtag should match the script of the <text>. This module does not attempt to know all scripts and
what they look like. It does know what Latn script looks like so when <text> is written using other than the Latn
script, the IETF script subtag, if present, should not be Latn.

Conversely, when <text> is written using the Latn script, the IETF script subtag, if present, should be Latn.

For the purposes of this test, Latf (Fraktur) and Latg (Gaelic) are considered to be equivalent to Latn because
unicode treats these two scripts as font-specific variants of Latn.

Returns an error message when mismatch detected; nil else.

]]

local function text_script_match_test (script, is_latn_text, pos, char)
local scripts_t = {['latf'] = true, ['latg'] = true, ['latn'] = true}; -- unicode 'latn' scripts; 'latf' and 'latg' are font variants so there are no Fraktur or Gaelic codepoints
if is_set (script) then -- don't bother with the rest of this if <script> is nil or empty string
script = script:lower(); -- lower case to index into <scripts_t>
if is_latn_text then -- when text is wholly Latn script
if not scripts_t[script] then -- but a non-Latn script is specified
return cfg.text_script_match_test_t.latn_txt_mismatch; -- emit an error message
end
else -- when text is not wholly Latn script
if scripts_t[script] then -- but a Latn script is specified
return substitute (cfg.text_script_match_test_t.latn_scr_mismatch, {pos, char}); -- emit an error message with position of first offending character
end
end
end
end

--[[-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

conducts a binary search of <ranges_t> for a sub-range that holds <target>.

returns boolean true if a sub-range holding <target> is found; boolean false else.

]]

local function binary_search (target, ranges_t)
local idx_bot = 1; -- initialize to index of first key
local idx_top = sizeof_ranges_t; -- initialize to index of last key (number of keys)

if (target < ranges_t[idx_bot][1]) or (target > ranges_t[idx_top][2]) then -- invalid; target out of range
return; -- abandon
end

local idx_mid; -- calculated index of range midway between top index and bottom index
local flag = false; -- flag to tell us when we've evaluated last (highest) range in <ranges_t>

while 1 do
idx_mid = math.ceil ((idx_bot + idx_top) / 2); -- get the mid-point in the <ranges_t> sequence
if (target >= ranges_t[idx_mid][1]) and (target <= ranges_t[idx_mid][2]) then -- indexed range low value <= target <= indexed range high value
return true; -- we found the range that holds the <target> character; return true

elseif (target > ranges_t[idx_mid][2]) then -- is <target> > indexed range high value?
idx_bot = idx_mid; -- adjust <idx_bot> up

else -- here when <target> less than indexed range low value
idx_top = idx_mid - 1; -- adjust <idx_top> down
end

if flag then
break; -- here when we just evaluated the last range and <target> not found
end

if not flag and (idx_bot == idx_top) then -- set true just before we evaluate the last (highest) range in <ranges_t>
flag = true;
end
end
end

--[[----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

compare <text> as codepoints to lists of known codepoints accepted as Latn script

returns boolean true and modified <text> when <text> is wrapped in accept-as-written markup

returns boolean true and <text> when codepoint is known

returns boolean false, <text>, non-Latn codepoint position in <text> (left to right), and the codepoint character
when codepoint is not known

TODO: when text has accept-as-written markup, return a non-boolean value to indicate that <text> is not wholly
latn script? Use that return value to create non-Latn HTML lang= attribute because <text> isn't really
latn so lang=und (undetermined)? or instead, omit the -Latn subtag? (without -Latn need to force |italic=yes)

]]

local function is_latin (text, tag)
local count;
text, count = text:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1'); -- remove accept-as-written markup if present
if 0 ~= count then
return true, text; -- markup present so assume that <text> is Latn-script
end

local pos = 0; -- position counter for error messaging
for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint (text) do -- fetch each code point
pos = pos + 1; -- bump the position counter

if not is_latn_data.singles_t[codepoint] and -- codepoint not found in the singles list?
not binary_search (codepoint, is_latn_data.ranges_t) and -- codepoint not a member of a listed range?
not (tag and is_latn_data.specials_t[codepoint] and is_latn_data.specials_t[codepoint][tag]) then -- not a language-specific codepoint?
return false, text, pos, mw.ustring.char (codepoint); -- codepoint not known; return false with codepoint position and character representation
end
end
return true, text; -- is known; return <text>
end

--[[--------------------------< _ L A N G >--------------------------------------------------------------------

Entry point for {{lang}}.

There should be no reason to set parameters in the {{lang}} {{#invoke:}}
<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang}}</includeonly>

Parameters are received from the template's frame (parent frame).

]]

local function _lang (args)
local out = {};
local language_name; -- used to make category names
local category_name; -- same as language_name except that it retains any parenthetical disambiguators (if any) from the data set
local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private
local code; -- the language code
local msg; -- for error messages
local tag = 'span'; -- initial value for make_text_html()
local template = args.template or cfg.templates_t.lang;

maint_cats = {}; -- initialize because when this module required into another module, these only declared once so only initialzed once
maint_msgs = {};

validate_cat_args (args); -- determine if categorization should be suppressed

if args[1] and args.code then
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param, {'1', cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param_types.code}), args, template);
else
args.code = args[1] or args.code; -- prefer args.code
end

if args[2] and args.text then
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param, {'2', cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param_types.text}), args, template);
else
args.text = args[2] or args.text; -- prefer args.text
end

msg = validate_italic (args);
if msg then
return make_error_msg (msg, args, template);
end

msg = validate_text (template, args); -- ensure that |text= is set
if is_set (msg) then -- msg is an already-formatted error message
return msg;
end

args.text, tag = html_tag_select (args.text); -- inspects text; returns appropriate HTML tag with text trimmed accordingly

args.rtl = args.rtl == cfg.keywords_t.affirmative; -- convert to boolean: 'yes' -> true, other values -> false

args.proto, msg = validate_proto (args.proto); -- return boolean, or nil, or nil and error message flag
if msg then
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_t.invalid_proto, {msg}), args, template);
end

code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (args.code); -- |script=, |region=, |variant= not supported because they should be part of args.code ({{{1}}} in {{lang}})

if msg then
return make_error_msg (msg, args, template);
end

local is_latn_text, pos, char;
is_latn_text, args.text, pos, char= is_latin (args.text, code); -- make a boolean

msg = text_script_match_test (subtags.script, is_latn_text, pos, char)
if msg then -- if an error detected then there is an error message
return make_error_msg (msg, args, template);
end

if nil == args.style then -- nil when |italic= absent or not set or |italic=default; args.style controls
if ('latn' == subtags.script) or -- script is latn
(this_wiki_lang_tag ~= code and not is_set (subtags.script) and not has_poem_tag (args.text) and is_latn_text) then -- text not this wiki's language, no script specified and not in poem markup but is wholly latn script (auto-italics)
args.style = 'italic'; -- DEFAULT for {{lang}} templates is upright; but if latn script set for font-style:italic
else
args.style = 'inherit'; -- italic not set; script not latn; inherit current style
end
end

if is_set (subtags.script) then -- if script set, override rtl setting
if in_array (subtags.script, lang_data.rtl_scripts) then
args.rtl = true; -- script is an rtl script
else
args.rtl = false; -- script is not an rtl script
end
end

args.code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles
language_name = language_name_get (args.code, code, true); -- get language name; try IETF tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant

if cfg.keywords_t.invert == args.style and 'span' == tag then -- invert only supported for in-line content
args.text = invert_italics (args.text)
end

args.text = proto_prefix (args.text, language_name, args.proto); -- prefix proto-language text with a splat

table.insert (out, make_text_html (args.code, args.text, tag, args.rtl, args.style, args.size, language_name));
table.insert (out, make_category (code, language_name, args.nocat));
table.insert (out, render_maint (args.nocat)); -- maintenance messages and categories

return table.concat (out); -- put it all together and done
end

--[[--------------------------< L A N G >----------------------------------------------------------------------

Entry point for {{lang}}.

There should be no reason to set parameters in the {{lang}} {{#invoke:}}
<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang}}</includeonly>

Parameters are received from the template's frame (parent frame).

]]

local function lang (frame)
local args_t = getArgs (frame, { -- this code so that we can detect and handle wiki list markup in text
valueFunc = function (key, value)
if 2 == key or 'text' == key then -- the 'text' parameter; do not trim wite space
return value; -- return untrimmed 'text'
elseif value then -- all other values: if the value is not nil
value = mw.text.trim (value); -- trim whitespace
if '' ~= value then -- empty string when value was only whitespace
return value;
end
end
return nil; -- value was empty or contained only whitespace
end -- end of valueFunc
});

args_t.fn = nil; -- unset because not supported but this function might have been called by {{lang|fn=lang|...}}

local msg = parameter_validate (args_t, cfg.templates_t.lang); -- verify that all supplied parameters are supported by {{lang-??}}
if msg then
return make_error_msg (msg, args_t, cfg.templates_t.lang); -- when template has unsupported params, abandon with error message
end

return _lang (args_t);
end

--[[--------------------------< T R A N S L A T I O N _ M A K E >----------------------------------------------

Stand-alone function to create literal translation of main text.

Also used by {{lang-x2}}.

]]

local function translation_make (args_t)
local translation_t = {', '}; -- initialize output

if 'none' ~= args_t.label then -- if we want a label
table.insert (translation_t, ''); -- open the HTML tag
if cfg.keywords_t.negative == args_t.link then
table.insert (translation_t, substitute ('<abbr title="$1">$2</abbr>', {cfg.translation_make_t.lit_xlation, cfg.translation_make_t.lit_abbr})); -- unlinked form
else
table.insert (translation_t, make_wikilink (cfg.translation_make_t.lit_xlation, cfg.translation_make_t.lit_abbr)); -- linked form
end
table.insert (translation_t, " "); -- close the HTML tag
end
table.insert (translation_t, table.concat ({ -- user styling spans match spand from {{gloss}}
'\'', -- user styling span for quote marks; use HTML entities to avoid wiki markup confusion
'', -- open user styling span for the translation
args_t.translation, -- the translation
'', -- close user styling span for the translation
'\'' -- user styling span for quote marks
}));
return table.concat (translation_t); -- make a big string and done
end

--[[--------------------------< _ L A N G _ X X >--------------------------------------------------------------

For the {{lang-??}} templates, the only parameter required to be set in the template is the language code. All
other parameters can, usually should, be written in the template call. For {{lang-??}} templates for languages
that can have multiple writing systems, it may be appropriate to set |script= as well.

For each {{lang-??}} template choose the appropriate entry-point function so that this function knows the default
styling that should be applied to text.

For normal, upright style:
<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit|code=xx}}</includeonly>
For italic style:
<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic|code=xx}}</includeonly>

All other parameters should be received from the template's frame (parent frame)

Supported parameters are:
|code = (required) the IANA language code
|script = IANA script code; especially for use with languages that use multiple writing systems
|region = IANA region code
|variant = IANA variant code
|text = (required) the displayed text in language specified by code
|link = boolean false ('no') does not link code-spcified language name to associated language article
|rtl = boolean true ('yes') identifies the language specified by code as a right-to-left language
|nocat = boolean true ('yes') inhibits normal categorization; error categories are not affected
|cat = boolian false ('no') opposite form of |nocat=
|italic = boolean true ('yes') renders displayed text in italic font; boolean false ('no') renders displayed text in normal font; not set renders according to initial_style_state
|lit = text that is a literal translation of text
|label = 'none' to suppress all labeling (language name, 'translit.', 'lit.')
any other text replaces language-name label - automatic wikilinking disabled

for those {{lang-??}} templates that support transliteration (those templates where |text= is not entirely latn script):
|translit = text that is a transliteration of text
|translit-std = the standard that applies to the transliteration
|translit-script = ISO 15924 script name; falls back to code

For {{lang-??}}, the positional parameters are:
{{{1}}} text
{{{2}}} transliterated text
{{{3}}} literal translation text
no other positional parameters are allowed

]]

local function _lang_xx (args, base_template) -- base_template will be either of 'langx' or 'lang-xx'
local out = {};
local language_name; -- used to make display text, article links
local category_name; -- same as language_name except that it retains any parenthetical disambiguators (if any) from the data set
local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, and variant
local code; -- the language code

local translit_script_name; -- name associated with IANA (ISO 15924) script code
local translit;
local msg; -- for error messages
local tag = 'span'; -- initial value for make_text_html()
local template = args.template or base_template;

maint_cats = {}; -- initialize because when this module required into another module, these only declared once so only initialzed once
maint_msgs = {};

local text_idx = (cfg.templates_t.langx == base_template) and 2 or 1; -- for {{langx}} 'text' positional parameter is '2'
local translit_idx = (cfg.templates_t.langx == base_template) and 3 or 2;
local xlate_idx = (cfg.templates_t.langx == base_template) and 4 or 3;

if args[text_idx] and args.text then
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param, {text_idx, cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param_types.text}), args, template);
else
args.text = args[text_idx] or args.text; -- prefer positional 'text' parameter
end

msg = validate_italic (args);
if msg then
return make_error_msg (msg, args, template);
end

msg = validate_text (template, args); -- ensure that |text= is set, does not contain italic markup and is protected from improper bolding
if is_set (msg) then
return msg;
end

args.text, tag = html_tag_select (args.text); -- inspects text; returns appropriate HTML tag with text trimmed accordingly

if args[translit_idx] and args.translit then
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param, {translit_idx, cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param_types.translit}), args, template);

else
args.translit = args[translit_idx] or args.translit -- prefer positional 'translit' parameter
end

args.engvar = cfg.engvar_sel_t[args.engvar] or cfg.default_engvar; -- |engvar= when valid; cfg.default_engvar else

if args[xlate_idx] and (args.translation or args.lit) then
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_xx_t.conflict_n_lit, {xlate_idx}), args, template);
elseif args.translation and args.lit then
return make_error_msg (cfg.lang_xx_t.conflict_lit, args, template);
else
args.translation = args[xlate_idx] or args.translation or args.lit; -- prefer positional 'translation' parameter
end

if args.links and args.link then
return make_error_msg (cfg.lang_xx_t.conflict_link, args, template);
else
args.link = args.link or args.links; -- prefer args.link
end

validate_cat_args (args); -- determine if categorization should be suppressed

args.rtl = args.rtl == cfg.keywords_t.affirmative; -- convert to boolean: 'yes' -> true, other values -> false

code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (args.code, args.script, args.region, args.variant); -- private omitted because private

if msg then -- if an error detected then there is an error message
return make_error_msg (msg, args, template);
end

if args.translit then
local latn, pos, char;
latn, args.translit, pos, char = is_latin (args.translit, (('' ~= subtags.private) and (code .. '-x-' .. subtags.private)) or code);
if not latn then
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_xx_t.translit_nonlatn, {pos, char}), args, template);
end
end

local is_latn_text, text, pos, char = is_latin (args.text, code); -- make a boolean
args.text = text; -- may have been modified (accept-as-written markup removed)

msg = text_script_match_test (subtags.script, is_latn_text, pos, char)
if msg then -- if an error detected then there is an error message
return make_error_msg (msg, args, template);
end

if cfg.templates_t.langx == base_template then -- auto-italics for {{langx}} templates; adapted from {{lang}} (no support for poem tag)
if nil == args.style then -- nil when |italic= absent or not set or |italic=default; args.style controls
if ('latn' == subtags.script) or -- script is latn
(this_wiki_lang_tag ~= code and not is_set (subtags.script) and is_latn_text) then -- text is not this wiki's language, no script specified and is wholly latn script (auto-italics)
args.style = 'italic'; -- set font-style:italic
else
args.style = 'inherit'; -- italic not set; script not latn; inherit current style
end
end

else -- {{lang-xx}} does not do auto italics; retained for those wikis that don't support {{langx}}
if nil == args.style then -- args.style controls
if is_set (subtags.script) then
if 'latn' == subtags.script then
args.style = 'italic'; -- |script=Latn; set for font-style:italic
else
args.style = initial_style_state; -- italic not set; script is not latn; set for font-style:<initial_style_state>
end
else
args.style = initial_style_state; -- here when |italic= and |script= not set; set for font-style:<initial_style_state>
end
end
end

if is_set (subtags.script) then -- if script set override rtl setting
if in_array (subtags.script, lang_data.rtl_scripts) then
args.rtl = true; -- script is an rtl script
else
args.rtl = false; -- script is not an rtl script
end
end

args.proto, msg = validate_proto (args.proto); -- return boolean, or nil, or nil and error message flag
if msg then
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_t.invalid_proto, {args.proto}), args, template);
end

args.code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles
language_name = language_name_get (args.code, code, true); -- get language name; try IETF tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant

category_name = language_name; -- category names retain IANA parenthetical diambiguators (if any)
language_name = language_name:gsub ('%s+%b()', ''); -- remove IANA parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them

if args.label then
if 'none' ~= args.label then
table.insert (out, table.concat ({args.label, ': '})); -- custom label
end
else
if cfg.keywords_t.negative == args.link then
table.insert (out, language_name); -- language name without wikilink
else
if mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then
table.insert (out, make_wikilink (language_name)); -- collective language name uses simple wikilink
elseif lang_data.article_name[args.code:lower()] then -- is IETF tag in article name over ride?
table.insert (out, make_wikilink (lang_data.article_name[args.code:lower()], language_name)); -- language name with wikilink from override data
elseif lang_data.article_name[code] then -- is language tag in article override
table.insert (out, make_wikilink (lang_data.article_name[code], language_name)); -- language name with wikilink from override data
else
table.insert (out, make_wikilink (substitute ('$1 $2', {language_name, cfg.misc_text_t.language}), language_name)); -- language name with wikilink
end
end
table.insert (out, ': '); -- separator
end

if cfg.keywords_t.invert == args.italic then
args.text = invert_italics (args.text)
end

args.text = proto_prefix (args.text, language_name, args.proto); -- prefix proto-language text with a splat

table.insert (out, make_text_html (args.code, args.text, tag, args.rtl, args.style, args.size, ('none' == args.label) and language_name or nil))

if is_set (args.translit) and not is_latn_text then -- transliteration; not supported when args.text is wholly latn text (this is an imperfect test)
table.insert (out, ', '); -- comma to separate text from translit
if 'none' ~= args.label then
table.insert (out, '');
if script_table[args['translit-script']] then -- when |translit-script= is set, try to use the script's name
translit_script_name = script_table[args['translit-script']];
else
translit_script_name = language_name; -- fall back on language name
end

local translit_title_obj = mw.title.makeTitle (0, substitute ('$1 $2',{cfg.lang_xx_t.romanization, translit_script_name})); -- make a title object; no engvar, article titles use US spelling
if translit_title_obj.exists and (cfg.keywords_t.negative ~= args.link) then
table.insert (out, make_wikilink (substitute ('$1 $2', {cfg.lang_xx_t.romanization, translit_script_name or language_name}),
substitute ('$1', {cfg.engvar_t[args.engvar]['romanisz_pt']})) .. ':'); -- make a wikilink if there is an article to link to; engvar the display text

else
table.insert (out, substitute ('$1:', {cfg.engvar_t[args.engvar]['romanisz_pt']})); -- else plain text per engvar

end
table.insert (out, ' '); -- close the small tag
end

translit = make_translit (args.code, language_name, args.translit, args['translit-std'], args['translit-script'], nil, args.engvar)
if is_set (translit) then
table.insert (out, translit);
else
return make_error_msg (substitute ('$1: $2', {cfg.lang_xx_t.invalid_xlit_std, args['translit-std'] or '[missing]'}), args, template);
end

elseif is_set (args.translit) and is_latn_text then -- when creating a transliteration of Latn script <text>
return make_error_msg (cfg.lang_xx_t.xlit_of_latn, args, template); -- emit error message and abandon
end

if is_set (args.translation) then -- translation (not supported in {{lang}})
table.insert (out, translation_make (args));
end

table.insert (out, make_category (code, category_name, args.nocat));
table.insert (out, render_maint(args.nocat)); -- maintenance messages and categories

return table.concat (out); -- put it all together and done
end

--[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ A R G S _ G E T >----------------------------------------------

Common function to get args table from {{lang-??}} templates.

Returns table of args.

Text positional parameters are not trimmed here but are selectively trimmed at html_tag_select().

]]

local function lang_xx_args_get (frame, base_template)
local args_t = getArgs(frame,
{
parentFirst= true, -- parameters in the template override parameters set in the {{#invoke:}}
valueFunc = function (key, value)
if ((cfg.templates_t.langx == base_template) and 2 or 1) == key then -- the 'text' positional parameter; 1 for {{lang-??}}, 2 for {{langx}}; do not trim wite space
return value; -- return untrimmed 'text' positional parameter
elseif value then -- all other values: if the value is not nil
value = mw.text.trim (value); -- trim whitespace
if '' ~= value then -- empty string when value was only whitespace
return value;
end
end
return nil; -- value was empty or contained only whitespace
end -- end of valueFunc
});

return args_t;
end

--[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ I T A L I C >--------------------------------------------------

Entry point for those {{lang-??}} templates that call lang_xx_italic(). Sets the initial style state to italic.

]]

local function lang_xx_italic (frame)
local args = lang_xx_args_get (frame, cfg.templates_t.langxx);
args.fn = nil; -- unset because not supported but this function might have been called by {{lang|fn=lang_xx_italic|...}}

local msg = parameter_validate (args, cfg.templates_t.langxx); -- verify that all supplied parameters are supported by {{lang-??}}
if msg then
return make_error_msg (msg, args, cfg.templates_t.langxx); -- when template has unsupported params, abandon with error message
end

initial_style_state = 'italic';
return _lang_xx (args, cfg.templates_t.langxx) .. '[[Category:Pages using Lang-xx templates]]'; -- temporary category
end

--[[--------------------------< _ L A N G _ X X _ I T A L I C >------------------------------------------------

Entry point from another module. Sets the initial style state to italic.

]]

local function _lang_xx_italic (args)
initial_style_state = 'italic';
return _lang_xx (args, cfg.templates_t.langxx);
end

--[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ I N H E R I T >------------------------------------------------

Entry point for those {{lang-??}} templates that call lang_xx_inherit(). Sets the initial style state to inherit.

]]

local function lang_xx_inherit (frame)
local args = lang_xx_args_get (frame, cfg.templates_t.langxx);
args.fn = nil; -- unset because not supported but this function might have been called by {{lang|fn=lang_xx_inherit|...}}

local msg = parameter_validate (args, cfg.templates_t.langxx); -- verify that all supplied parameters are supported by {{lang-??}}
if msg then
return make_error_msg (msg, args, cfg.templates_t.langxx); -- when template has unsupported params, abandon with error message
end

initial_style_state = 'inherit';
return _lang_xx (args, cfg.templates_t.langxx) .. '[[Category:Pages using Lang-xx templates]]'; -- temporary category
end

--[[--------------------------< _ L A N G _ X X _ I N H E R I T >----------------------------------------------

Entry point from another module. Sets the initial style state to inherit.

]]

local function _lang_xx_inherit (args)
initial_style_state = 'inherit';
return _lang_xx (args, cfg.templates_t.langxx);
end

--[[--------------------------< _ L A N G X >------------------------------------------------------------------

Entry point from another module.

]]

local function _langx (args_t)
local langx_data = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/langx'); -- get necessary data
local rtl_t = langx_data.rtl_t; -- get list of language tags for languages that are rendered right-to-left
local link_t = langx_data.link_t; -- get list of language tags for {{lang-??}} templates that set |link=<something>
local size_t = langx_data.size_t; -- get list of language tags for {{lang-??}} templates that set |size=<something>

local msg = parameter_validate (args_t, cfg.templates_t.langx);
if msg then
return make_error_msg (msg, args_t, cfg.templates_t.langx);
end

args_t.code = args_t[1] or args_t.code; -- get the language tag; must be {{{1}}} or |code=
if not args_t.code then
return make_error_msg (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.missing_lang_tag, args_t, cfg.templates_t.langx);
end

args_t.rtl = args_t.rtl or (rtl_t[args_t.code] and cfg.keywords_t.affirmative); -- prefer |rtl= in template call, use rtl_t else
args_t.link = args_t.link or link_t[args_t.code]; -- prefer |link= in template call, use link_t felse
args_t.size = args_t.size or size_t[args_t.code]; -- prefer |size= in template call, use size_t else

args_t[1] = nil; -- unset to mimic {{lang-??}} templates which set |code=xx

local lang_subtag = args_t.code; -- use only the base language subtag for unsupported tag test; some args_t.code are modified by |script= etc
return _lang_xx (args_t, cfg.templates_t.langx);
end

--[[--------------------------< L A N G X >--------------------------------------------------------------------

Entry point for {{langx}}.

this function calls _lang_xx() to render non-English text. The {{lang-??}} templates have three positional paramters
but {{langx}} has four:

| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4
{{lang-xx |<text> |<xlit> |<xlat> }}
{{langx |<tag> |<text> |<xlit> |<xlat> }}

The calls to lang_xx_args_get() and _lang_xx() use 'langx' as a flag for those functions to select the proper
positional parameters.

{{lang-??}} depends on the calling template to select 'inherit' or 'italic' to establish the default rendering.

{{langx}} can't do that. The initial version of {{langx}} relied on a list of language tags (inherit_t in ~/langx)
scraped from those {{lang-??}} templates that call lang_xx_inherit() to render text in upright font. langx() now
uses auto-italics code adapted from {{lang}} (doesn't support poem tags).

]]

local function langx (frame)
local args_t = lang_xx_args_get (frame, cfg.templates_t.langx); -- get the arguments; 'langx' is the <base_template> used to decide which positional param is 'text', 'translit', 'lit'

return _langx (args_t);
end

--[[--------------------------< _ I S _ I E T F _ T A G >------------------------------------------------------

Returns true when a language name associated with IETF language tag exists; nil else. IETF language tag must be valid.

All code combinations supported by {{lang}} and the {{lang-??}} templates are supported by this function.

Module entry point from another module.

]]

local function _is_ietf_tag (tag) -- entry point when this module is require()d into another
local c, s, r, v, p, err; -- code, script, region, variant, private, error message
c, s, r, v, p, err = get_ietf_parts (tag); -- disassemble tag into constituent part and validate

return ((c and not err) and true) or nil; -- return true when code portion has a value without error message; nil else
end

--[[----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}.

]]

local function is_ietf_tag (frame)
return _is_ietf_tag (getArgs (frame)[1]); -- args[1] is the IETF language tag to be tested; also get parent frame
end

--[[----------------------------------------------------------------------

Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}; same as is_ietf_tag() except does not get parameters from the parent
(template) frame. This function not useful when called by {{lang|fn=is_ietf_tag_frame|<tag>}} because <tag>
is in the parent frame.

]]

local function is_ietf_tag_frame (frame)
return _is_ietf_tag (getArgs (frame, {frameOnly = true,})[1]); -- args[1] is the IETF language tag to be tested; do not get parent frame
end

--[[--------------------------< _ N A M E _ F R O M _ T A G >--------------------------------------------------

Returns language name associated with IETF language tag if valid; error message else.

All code combinations supported by {{lang}} and the {{lang-??}} templates are supported by this function.

Set invoke's |link= parameter to yes to get wikilinked version of the language name.

Module entry point from another module.

]]

local function _name_from_tag (args)
local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private
local raw_code = args[1]; -- save a copy of the input IETF subtag
local link = cfg.keywords_t.affirmative == args['link']; -- make a boolean
local label = args.label;
local code; -- the language code
local msg; -- gets an error message if IETF language tag is malformed or invalid
local language_name = '';

code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (raw_code);
if msg then
local template = (args['template'] and table.concat ({'{{', args['template'], '}}: '})) or ''; -- make template name (if provided by the template)
return make_error_span (template, msg);
end

raw_code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles; private omitted because private
language_name = language_name_get (raw_code, code); -- get language name; try IETF tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant

if 'yes' ~= args.raw then
language_name = language_name:gsub ('%s+%b()', ''); -- remove IANA parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them
end

if link then -- when |link=yes, wikilink the language name
if mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then
language_name = make_wikilink (language_name, label); -- collective language name uses simple wikilink
elseif lang_data.article_name[raw_code:lower()] then -- is IETF tag in article name override?
language_name = make_wikilink (lang_data.article_name[raw_code:lower()], label or language_name); -- language name with wikilink from override data
elseif lang_data.article_name[code] then -- is language tag in article name override?
language_name = make_wikilink (lang_data.article_name[code], label or language_name); -- language name with wikilink from override data
else
language_name = make_wikilink (substitute ('$1 $2', {language_name, cfg.misc_text_t.language}), label or language_name); -- language name with wikilink
end
end

return language_name;
end

--[[--------------------------< N A M E _ F R O M _ T A G >----------------------------------------------------

Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}.

]]

local function name_from_tag (frame) -- entry point from an {{#invoke:lang|name_from_tag|<IETF tag>|link=<yes>|template=<template name>}}
return _name_from_tag (getArgs(frame)) -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame
end

--[[--------------------------< _ T A G _ F R O M _ N A M E >--------------------------------------------------

Returns the IETF language tag associated with the language name. Spelling of language name must be correct
according to the spelling in the source tables. When a standard language name has a parenthetical disambiguator,
that disambiguator must be omitted (they are not present in the data name-to-tag tables).

Module entry point from another module.

]]

local function _tag_from_name (args) -- entry point from another module
local msg;

if args[1] and '' ~= args[1] then
local data = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/tag from name'); -- get the reversed data tables TODO: change when going live
local lang = args[1]:lower(); -- allow any-case for the language name (speeling must till be correct)
local tag = data.rev_override_table[lang] or data.rev_lang_table[lang] or data.rev_lang_dep_table[lang]; -- get the code; look first in the override then in the standard

if tag then
return tag, true; -- language name found so return tag and done; second return used by is_lang_name()
else
msg = substitute (cfg.tag_from_name_t.lang_not_found, {args[1]}); -- language name not found, error message
end
else
msg = cfg.tag_from_name_t.missing_lang_name; -- language name not found, error message
end

local template = '';
if args.template and '' ~= args.template then
template = table.concat ({'{{', args['template'], '}}: '}); -- make template name (if provided by the template)
end
return make_error_span (template, msg);

end

--[[--------------------------< T A G _ F R O M _ N A M E >----------------------------------------------------

Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}.

]]

local function tag_from_name (frame) -- entry point from an {{#invoke:lang|tag_from_name|<language name>|link=<yes>|template=<template name>}}
local result, _ = _tag_from_name (getArgs(frame)) -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame; supress second return used by is_lang_name()
return result;
end

--[[--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}.

]]

local function is_lang_name (frame)
local _, result = _tag_from_name (getArgs(frame)) -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame; supress second return used by tag_from_name()
return result and true or nil;
end

--[[--------------------------< _ X L I T >--------------------------------------------------------------------

Module entry point from another module.

]]

local function _xlit (args)
local title_table = lang_data.translit_title_table; -- table of transliteration standards and the language codes and scripts that apply to those standards
local language_name; -- language name that matches language code; used for tool tip
local translit; -- transliterated text to display
local script; -- IANA script
local msg; -- for when called functions return an error message
local template = args.template or cfg.templates_t.transliteration;

maint_cats = {}; -- initialize because when this module required into another module, these only declared once so only initialzed once
maint_msgs = {};

if is_set (args[3]) then -- [3] set when {{transliteration|code|standard|text}}
args.text = args[3]; -- get the transliterated text
args.translit_std = args[2] and args[2]:lower(); -- get the standard; lower case for table indexing

if not title_table[args.translit_std] then
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.transl_t.unrecog_xlit_std, {args.translit_std}), args, template);
end
else
if is_set (args[2]) then -- [2] set when {{transliteration|code|text}}
args.text = args[2]; -- get the transliterated text
else
if args[1] and (args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%a?$') or -- args[2] missing; is args[1] a language or script tag or is it the transliterated text?
args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%-x%-')) then -- or is args[1] a private-use tag
return make_error_msg (cfg.transl_t.no_text, args, template); -- args[1] is a code so we're missing text
else
args.text = args[1]; -- args[1] is not a code so we're missing that; assign args.text for error message
return make_error_msg (cfg.transl_t.missing_lang_scr, args, template);
end
end
end

if is_set (args[1]) then -- IANA language code used for HTML lang= attribute; or ISO 15924 script code
if args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%a?$') or args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%-x%-') then -- args[1] has correct form?
args.code = args[1]:lower(); -- use the language/script code; only (2, 3, or 4 alpha characters) or private-use; lower case because table indexes are lower case
else
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.transl_t.unrecog_lang_scr, {args[1]}), args, template); -- invalid language / script code
end
else
return make_error_msg (cfg.transl_t.missing_lang_scr, args, template); -- missing language / script code so quit
end

local is_latn_text, pos, char;
is_latn_text, args.text, pos, char= is_latin (args.text, args.code); -- is latn text? strip accept-as-written markup
if not is_latn_text then -- when text is not latn
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_xx_t.translit_nonlatn, {pos, char}), args, template); -- abandon with error message
end

msg = validate_italic (args);
if msg then
return make_error_msg (msg, args, template);
end

if 'italic' == args.style then -- 'italic' when |italic=yes; because that is same as absent or not set and |italic=default
args.style = nil; -- set to nil;
end

args.engvar = cfg.engvar_sel_t[args.engvar] or cfg.default_engvar; -- |engvar= when valid; cfg.default_engvar else

if override_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the override table?
language_name = override_table[args.code];
args.code = args.code:match ('^%a%a%a?'); -- if private use, strip all but language subtag
elseif lang_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the standard language code tables?
language_name = lang_table[args.code];
elseif lang_dep_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the deprecated language code tables?
language_name = lang_dep_table[args.code];
elseif script_table[args.code] then -- if here, code is not a language code; is it a script code?
language_name = script_table[args.code];
script = args.code; -- code was an ISO 15924 script so use that instead
args.code = ''; -- unset because not a language code
else
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.transl_t.unrecog_lang_scr, {args.code}), args, template); -- invalid language / script code
end
-- here only when all parameters passed to make_translit() are valid
return make_translit (args.code, language_name, args.text, args.translit_std, script, args.style, args.engvar);
end

--[[--------------------------< X L I T >----------------------------------------------------------------------

Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}.

]]

local function xlit (frame)
return _xlit (getArgs(frame));
end

--[[--------------------------< C A T E G O R Y _ F R O M _ T A G >--------------------------------------------

Returns category name associated with IETF language tag if valid; error message else.

All code combinations supported by {{lang}} and the {{lang-??}} templates are supported by this function.

Module entry point from another module.

]]

local function _category_from_tag (args_t)
local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private
local raw_code = args_t[1]; -- save a copy of the input IETF subtag
local link = cfg.keywords_t.affirmative == args_t.link; -- make a boolean
local label = args_t.label;
local code; -- the language code
local msg; -- gets an error message if IETF language tag is malformed or invalid
local category_name = '';

code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (raw_code);
if msg then
local template = (args_t.template and table.concat ({'{{', args_t.template, '}}: '})) or ''; -- make template name (if provided by the template)
return make_error_span (template, msg);
end

raw_code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles; private omitted because private
category_name = language_name_get (raw_code, code); -- get language name; try IETF tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant
category_name = make_category (code, category_name, nil, true):gsub ('[%[%]]', '');

if link then
return table.concat ({'[[:', category_name, ']]'});
else
return category_name;
end
end

--[[--------------------------< C A T E G O R Y _ F R O M _ T A G >--------------------------------------------

Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}.

]]

local function category_from_tag (frame) -- entry point from an {{#invoke:lang|category_from_tag|<IETF tag>|template=<template name>}}
return _category_from_tag (getArgs (frame)); -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame
end

--[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------
]]

return {
category_from_tag = category_from_tag, -- frame entry points when this module is #invoke:ed into templates/wikitext
lang = lang, -- entry point for {{lang}}
langx = langx, -- entry point for {{langx}}
lang_xx_inherit = lang_xx_inherit, -- entry points for {{lang-??}}
lang_xx_italic = lang_xx_italic,
is_ietf_tag = is_ietf_tag,
is_ietf_tag_frame = is_ietf_tag_frame,
is_lang_name = is_lang_name,
tag_from_name = tag_from_name, -- returns IETF tag associated with language name
name_from_tag = name_from_tag, -- used for template documentation; possible use in ISO 639 name from code templates
xlit = xlit, -- entry point for {{transliteration}}

_category_from_tag = _category_from_tag, -- API entry points when this module is require()d into other modules
_lang = _lang,
_langx = _langx,
_lang_xx_inherit = _lang_xx_inherit,
_lang_xx_italic = _lang_xx_italic,
_is_ietf_tag = _is_ietf_tag,
get_ietf_parts = get_ietf_parts,
_tag_from_name = _tag_from_name,
_name_from_tag = _name_from_tag,
_xlit = _xlit,
_translation_make = translation_make,
};

Limosilactobacillus

2026-10-14T19:26:36Z

Rhiannon: 1 revision imported

{{Short description|Genus of bacteria}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| taxon = Limosilactobacillus
| subdivision = See text.
| authority = Zheng ''et al''. 2020<ref name=zh/>
| type_species = ''[[Limosilactobacillus fermentum]]''
| type_species_authority = (Beijerinck 1901) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
}}

'''''Limosilactobacillus''''' is a [[thermophilic]] and heterofermentative [[genus]] of [[lactic acid bacteria]] created in 2020 by splitting from ''[[Lactobacillus]]''.<ref name=zh>{{Cite journal|last1=Zheng|first1=Jinshui|last2=Wittouck|first2=Stijn|last3=Salvetti|first3=Elisa|last4=Franz|first4=Charles M.A.P.|last5=Harris|first5=Hugh M.B.|last6=Mattarelli|first6=Paola|last7=O'Toole|first7=Paul W.|last8=Pot|first8=Bruno|last9=Vandamme|first9=Peter|last10=Walter|first10=Jens|last11=Watanabe|first11=Koichi|date=2020|title=A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|volume=70|issue=4|pages=2782–2858|doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.004107|pmid=32293557|issn=1466-5026|doi-access=free|hdl=10067/1738330151162165141|hdl-access=free}}</ref> The name is derived from the Latin {{lang|la|limosus}} "slimy", referring to the property of most strains in the genus to produce [[exopolysaccharides]] from sucrose.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-12-01|title=Structures, physico-chemical properties, production and (potential) applications of sucrose-derived α-d-glucans synthesized by glucansucrases|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0144861720309917|journal=Carbohydrate Polymers|language=en|volume=249|article-number=116818|doi=10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116818|issn=0144-8617|last1=Li|first1=Xiaodan|last2=Wang|first2=Xiaofei|last3=Meng|first3=Xiangfeng|last4=Dijkhuizen|first4=Lubbert|last5=Liu|first5=Weifeng|pmid=32933666|hdl=11370/03ec24ef-7b97-4912-9d35-a87fbef2b9b5|s2cid=221747286 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="zh" /> The genus currently includes 31 species or subspecies, most of these were isolated from the intestinal tract of humans or animals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taxonomy and nomenclature of lactobacilli|url=https://www.lactobacillus.ualberta.ca}}</ref> ''Limosilactobacillus reuteri'' has been used as a model organism to evaluate the host-adaptation of lactobacilli to the human and animal intestine <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Frese|first1=Steven A.|last2=Benson|first2=Andrew K.|last3=Tannock|first3=Gerald W.|last4=Loach|first4=Diane M.|last5=Kim|first5=Jaehyoung|last6=Zhang|first6=Min|last7=Oh|first7=Phaik Lyn|last8=Heng|first8=Nicholas C. K.|last9=Patil|first9=Prabhu B.|last10=Juge|first10=Nathalie|last11=MacKenzie|first11=Donald A.|date=2011-02-17|title=The Evolution of Host Specialization in the Vertebrate Gut Symbiont Lactobacillus reuteri|journal=PLOS Genetics|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|article-number=e1001314|doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1001314|issn=1553-7404|pmc=3040671|pmid=21379339 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Experimental Evaluation of Host Adaptation of Lactobacillus reuteri to Different Vertebrate Species|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|year=2017|language=en|doi=10.1128/aem.00132-17|pmc=5452824|pmid=28389535|last1=Duar|first1=Rebbeca M.|last2=Frese|first2=Steven A.|last3=Lin|first3=Xiaoxi B.|last4=Fernando|first4=Samodha C.|last5=Burkey|first5=Thomas E.|last6=Tasseva|first6=Guergana|last7=Peterson|first7=Daniel A.|last8=Blom|first8=Jochen|last9=Wenzel|first9=Cory Q.|last10=Szymanski|first10=Christine M.|last11=Walter|first11=Jens|volume=83|issue=12|bibcode=2017ApEnM..83E.132D }}</ref> and for the recruitment of intestinal lactobacilli for food fermentations.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zheng|first1=Jinshui|last2=Zhao|first2=Xin|last3=Lin|first3=Xiaoxi B.|last4=Gänzle|first4=Michael|date=2015-12-11|title=Comparative genomics Lactobacillus reuteri from sourdough reveals adaptation of an intestinal symbiont to food fermentations|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|article-number=18234|doi=10.1038/srep18234|doi-access=free|issn=2045-2322|pmc=4995734|pmid=26658825|bibcode=2015NatSR...518234Z}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-02-01|title=Host-adapted lactobacilli in food fermentations: impact of metabolic traits of host adapted lactobacilli on food quality and human health|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214799320300138|journal=Current Opinion in Food Science|language=en|volume=31|pages=71–80|doi=10.1016/j.cofs.2020.02.002|issn=2214-7993|last1=Li|first1=Qing|last2=Gänzle|first2=Michael G.|s2cid=213459081 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> ''Limosilactobacillus fermentum'' is an exception as this species is not considered host adapted but nomadic<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Duar |first1=Rebbeca M. |last2=Lin |first2=Xiaoxi B. |last3=Zheng |first3=Jinshui |last4=Martino |first4=Maria Elena |last5=Grenier |first5=Théodore |last6=Pérez-Muñoz |first6=María Elisa |last7=Leulier |first7=François |last8=Gänzle |first8=Michael |last9=Walter |first9=Jens |date=2017-08-01 |title=Lifestyles in transition: evolution and natural history of the genus Lactobacillus |url=https://academic.oup.com/femsre/article/41/Supp_1/S27/3902999 |journal=FEMS Microbiology Reviews |volume=41 |issue=Supp_1 |pages=S27–S48 |doi=10.1093/femsre/fux030 |pmid=28673043 |issn=0168-6445}}</ref> ''Lm. reuteri'', ''Limosilactobacillus pontis'' and other limosilactobacilli occur frequently in back-slopped cereal fermentations <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gänzle |first1=Michael G. |last2=Zheng |first2=Jinshui |date=2019-08-02 |title=Lifestyles of sourdough lactobacilli – Do they matter for microbial ecology and bread quality? |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168160518305427 |journal=International Journal of Food Microbiology |series=Special Issue: Seventh International Symposium on Sourdough: Health & Wealth through sourdough innovation |volume=302 |pages=15–23 |doi=10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.08.019 |pmid=30172443 |issn=0168-1605|url-access=subscription }}</ref> while ''Lm. fermentum'' reliably occurs in spontaneous cereal fermentations.<ref>{{Citation |last1=De Vuyst |first1=Luc |chapter=Taxonomy and Species Diversity of Sourdough Lactic Acid Bacteria |date=2023 |title=Handbook on Sourdough Biotechnology |pages=97–160 |editor-last=Gobbetti |editor-first=Marco |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23084-4_6 |access-date=2025-01-05 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-23084-4_6 |isbn=978-3-031-23084-4 |last2=González-Alonso |first2=Víctor |last3=Wardhana |first3=Yohanes Raditya |last4=Pradal |first4=Inés |editor2-last=Gänzle |editor2-first=Michael|chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pswarayi |first1=Felicitas |last2=Gänzle |first2=Michael G. |date=2019-05-16 |title=Composition and Origin of the Fermentation Microbiota of Mahewu, a Zimbabwean Fermented Cereal Beverage |journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology |volume=85 |issue=11 |pages=e03130–18 |doi=10.1128/AEM.03130-18 |pmc=6532028 |pmid=30902861|bibcode=2019ApEnM..85E3130P }}</ref> ''Lm. reuteri'' and ''Lm. fermentum'' also have been successfully applied as probiotics <ref>{{Citation |last=Britton |first=R. A. |chapter=Chapter 8 - Lactobacillus reuteri |date=2017-01-01 |title=The Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology |pages=89–97 |editor-last=Floch |editor-first=Martin H. |chapter-url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780128040249000082 |access-date=2025-01-05 |place=Boston |publisher=Academic Press |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-804024-9.00008-2 |isbn=978-0-12-804024-9 |editor2-last=Ringel |editor2-first=Yehuda |editor3-last=Allan Walker |editor3-first=W.|chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Naghmouchi |first1=Karim |last2=Belguesmia |first2=Yanath |last3=Bendali |first3=Farida |last4=Spano |first4=Giuseppe |last5=Seal |first5=Bruce S. |last6=Drider |first6=Djamel |title=''Lactobacillus fermentum'': A bacterial species with potential for food preservation and biomedical applications |journal=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition |date=2020-11-12 |volume=60 |issue=20 |pages=3387–3399 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10408398.2019.1688250 |doi=10.1080/10408398.2019.1688250 |pmid=31729242 |issn=1040-8398|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Limosilactobacilli are heterofermentative and produce lactate, CO2, and acetate or ethanol from glucose; several limosilactobacilli, particularly strains of ''Lm. reuteri'' convert glycerol or 1,2-propanediol to 1,3 propanediol or [[propanol]], respectively.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-04-01|title=Lactic metabolism revisited: metabolism of lactic acid bacteria in food fermentations and food spoilage|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214799315000508|journal=Current Opinion in Food Science|language=en|volume=2|pages=106–117|doi=10.1016/j.cofs.2015.03.001|issn=2214-7993|last1=Gänzle|first1=Michael G.|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Most strains do not grow in presence of oxygen, or in de Man, Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) medium, the standard medium for cultivation of lactobacilli. Addition of maltose, cysteine and fructose to MRS is usually sufficient for cultivation of limosilactobacilli although some species, e.g. ''Limosilactobacillus secaliphilus'', require special cultivation media.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=VOGEL |first1=RUDI F. |last2=BöCKER |first2=GEORG |last3=STOLZ |first3=PETER |last4=EHRMANN |first4=MATTHIAS |last5=FANTA |first5=DANIELA |last6=LUDWIG |first6=WOLFGANG |last7=POT |first7=BRUNO |last8=KERSTERS |first8=KAREL |last9=SCHLEIFER |first9=KARL HEINZ |last10=HAMMES |first10=WALTER P. |date=1994 |title=Identification of Lactobacilli from Sourdough and Description of Lactobacillus pontis sp. nov. |url=https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-44-2-223 |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=223–229 |doi=10.1099/00207713-44-2-223 |pmid=8186088 |issn=1466-5034|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ehrmann |first1=Matthias A. |last2=Brandt |first2=Markus |last3=Stolz |first3=Peter |last4=Vogel |first4=Rudi F. |last5=Korakli |first5=Maher |date=2007 |title=Lactobacillus secaliphilus sp. nov., isolated from type II sourdough fermentation |url=https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.64700-0 |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=745–750 |doi=10.1099/ijs.0.64700-0 |pmid=17392199 |issn=1466-5034|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Species==
The genus ''Limosilactobacillus'' comprises the following species:<ref name="LPSN">{{cite web|title=''Acetilactobacillus''|url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/acetilactobacillus|access-date=July 1, 2021|publisher=[[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] (LPSN)|vauthors=Euzéby JP, Parte AC}}</ref>
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus agrestis]]'' Li ''et al''. 2021
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus albertensis]]'' Li ''et al''. 2021
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus alvi]]'' Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus antri]]'' (Roos ''et al''. 2005) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus balticus]]'' Li ''et al''. 2021
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus caviae]]'' (Killer ''et al''. 2017) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus coleohominis]]'' (Nikolaitchouk ''et al''. 2001) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus equigenerosi]]'' (Endo ''et al''. 2008) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus fastidiosus]]'' Li ''et al''. 2021
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus fermentum]]'' (Beijerinck 1901) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus frumenti]]'' (Müller ''et al''. 2000) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus gastricus]]'' (Roos ''et al''. 2005) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus gorillae]]'' (Tsuchida ''et al''. 2014) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus ingluviei]]'' (Baele ''et al''. 2003) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus mucosae]]'' (Roos ''et al''. 2000) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus oris]]'' (Farrow and Collins 1988) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus panis]]'' (Wiese ''et al''. 1996) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus pontis]]'' (Vogel ''et al''. 1994) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus portuensis]]'' Ksiezarek ''et al''. 2021
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus reuteri]]'' (Kandler ''et al''. 1982) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus rudii]]'' Li ''et al''. 2021
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus secaliphilus]]'' (Ehrmann ''et al''. 2007) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus urinaemulieris]]'' Ksiezarek ''et al''. 2021
* ''[[Limosilactobacillus vaginalis]]'' (Embley ''et al''. 1989) Zheng ''et al''. 2020
The following species are effectively but not validly described:<blockquote>''Limosilactobacillus walteri'' (Sahora ''et al''. 2023)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saroha |first1=Tanu |last2=Sharma |first2=Shikha |last3=Choksket |first3=Stanzin |last4=Korpole |first4=Suresh |last5=Patil |first5=Prabhu B |date=2023-01-01 |title=Limosilactobacillus walteri sp. nov., a novel probiotic antimicrobial lipopeptide-producing bacterium |url=https://academic.oup.com/femsle/article/doi/10.1093/femsle/fnad004/6988174 |journal=FEMS Microbiology Letters |volume=370 |article-number=fnad004 |doi=10.1093/femsle/fnad004 |pmid=36646427 |issn=0378-1097|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

''Limosilactobacillus allomucosae'' (Chen ''et al..'' 2024)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Binbin |last2=Silvaraju |first2=Shaktheeshwari |last3=Almunawar |first3=Sharifah Nora Ahmad |last4=Heng |first4=Yu Chyuan |last5=Lee |first5=Jolie Kar Yi |last6=Kittelmann |first6=Sandra |date=2024-11-01 |title=Limosilactobacillus allomucosae sp. nov., a novel species isolated from wild boar faecal samples as a potential probiotic for domestic pigs |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0723202024000705 |journal=Systematic and Applied Microbiology |volume=47 |issue=6 |article-number=126556 |doi=10.1016/j.syapm.2024.126556 |pmid=39467427 |bibcode=2024SyApM..4726556C |issn=0723-2020|url-access=subscription }}</ref></blockquote>

==Phylogeny==
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the [[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]<ref name="LPSN"/> and the phylogeny is based on whole-genome sequences.<ref name=zh/>

{{Clade | style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
|1={{clade
|label1='''''Limosilactobacillus'''''
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Limosilactobacillus antri]]''
|2=''[[Limosilactobacillus oris]]''
}}
|2=''[[Limosilactobacillus panis]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Limosilactobacillus frumenti]]''
|2=''[[Limosilactobacillus vaginalis]]''
}}
}}
|2=''[[Limosilactobacillus pontis]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Limosilactobacillus caviae]]''
|2=''[[Limosilactobacillus reuteri]]''
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Limosilactobacillus ingluviei]]''
|2=''[[Limosilactobacillus alvi]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Limosilactobacillus coleohominis]]''
|2=''[[Limosilactobacillus secaliphilus]]''
}}
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Limosilactobacillus mucosae]]''
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Limosilactobacillus equigenerosi]]''
|2=''[[Limosilactobacillus gastricus]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Limosilactobacillus gorillae]]''
|2=''[[Limosilactobacillus fermentum]]''
}}
}}
}}
}}
|label2=[[Outgroup (cladistics)|outgroup]]
|2=''[[Holzapfelia]]''
}}
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Yogurts}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q104157424}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lactobacillaceae]]
[[Category:Food science]]
[[Category:Gut flora bacteria]]
[[Category:Garde manger]]
[[Category:Gram-positive bacteria]]
[[Category:Bacteria genera]]